1、April 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 17No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.180; 61.020!$NM7“1434
2、220www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 11079Ergonomics of the thermal environment Determination and interpretation of cold stress when using requiredclothing insulation (IREQ) and local cooling effects (ISO 11079:2007)English version of DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung Bestimmung und Int
3、erpretation der Kltebelastung bei Verwendung der erforderlichenIsolation der Bekleidung (IREQ) und lokalen Khlwirkungen (ISO 11079:2007)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04SupersedesDIN V ENV ISO 11079:1998-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises 42 pagesDIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04 2 National foreword T
4、his standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee), Tec
5、hnical Committee NA 023-00-05 AA Ergonomie der physikalischen Umgebung. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in the EN are as follows: ISO 7726 DIN EN ISO 7726 ISO 8996 DIN EN ISO 8996 ISO 9237 DIN EN ISO 9237 ISO 9920 DIN EN ISO 9920 ISO 13731 DIN EN ISO 13731
6、ISO 13732-3 DIN EN ISO 13732-3 ISO 15831 DIN EN ISO 15831 Amendments This standard differs from DIN V ENV ISO 11079:1998-05 as follows: a) The prestandard status has been changed to that of a full standard. b) The title of the standard has been modified. c) Clause 3 “Symbols and abbreviations” has b
7、een revised and extended. d) Local cooling has been defined (see 4 b) and specified according to the type of requirements (see 7.3). e) The definition of required clothing insulation, IREQ, has been extended (see 5.2 d). f) Annex A.7 has been revised and Annex A.8 has been added. g) Annexes C to F h
8、ave been completely revised. h) The standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN V ENV ISO 11079: 1998-05 DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities DIN E
9、N ISO 8996, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Determination of metabolic rate DIN EN ISO 9237, Textiles Determination of permeability of fabrics to air DIN EN ISO 9920, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Estimation of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble DIN E
10、N ISO 13731, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Vocabulary and symbols responses to contact with surfaces Part 3: Cold surfaces DIN EN ISO 15831, Clothing Physiological effects Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin DIN EN ISO 13732-3, Ergonomics of the thermal environmen
11、t Methods for the assessment of human DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 11079December 2007ICS 13.180 Supersedes ENV ISO 11079:1998 English VersionErgonomics of the thermal environment - Determination andinterpretation of
12、 cold stress when using required clothinginsulation (IREQ) and local cooling effects (ISO 11079:2007)Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Dtermination etinterprtation de la contrainte lie au froid en utilisantlisolement thermique requis du vtement (IREQ) et leseffets du refroidissement local (ISO 11
13、079:2007)Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - Bestimmung undInterpretation der Kltebelastung bei Verwendung dererforderlichen Isolation der Bekleidung (IREQ) und lokalenKhlwirkungen (ISO 11079:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with th
14、e CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre o
15、r to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versi
16、ons.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
17、, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Member
18、s.Ref. No. EN ISO 11079:2007: EDIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04 EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 6 4 Principles of methods for evaluation 8 5 General cooling .8 6 Local cooling .14 7 Practical assessment of co
19、ld environments and interpretation 15 Annex A (normative) Computation of thermal balance .17 Annex B (informative) Physiological criteria in cold exposure 20 Annex C (informative) Metabolic rate and thermal properties of clothing 22 Annex D (informative) Determination of wind cooling 25 Annex E (inf
20、ormative) Examples of evaluation of IREQ 27 Annex F (informative) Computer program for calculating IREQ 37 Bibliography 38 2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 11079:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” t
21、he secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attention is dr
22、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes ENV ISO 11079:1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the n
23、ational standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norwa
24、y, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11079:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 11079:2007 without any modification. 3 DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) Introduction Wind chill is comm
25、only encountered in cold climates, but it is low temperatures that first of all endanger body heat balance. By proper adjustment of clothing, human beings can often control and regulate body heat loss, to balance a change in the ambient climate. The method presented here is based therefore on the ev
26、aluation of the clothing insulation required to maintain the thermal balance of the body in equilibrium. The heat balance equation used takes into account the most recent scientific findings concerning heat exchanges at the surface of the skin as well as the clothing. 4 EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) DIN EN
27、ISO 11079:2008-041 Scope This International Standard specifies methods and strategies for assessing the thermal stress associated with exposure to cold environments. These methods apply to continuous, intermittent as well as occasional exposure and type of work, indoors and outdoors. They are not ap
28、plicable to specific effects associated with certain meteorological phenomena (e.g. precipitation), which are assessed by other methods. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited appl
29、ies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities ISO 8996, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Determination of metabolic rate ISO 9237, Texti
30、les Determination of permeability of fabrics to air ISO 9920, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Estimation of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble ISO 13731, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Vocabulary and symbols ISO 13732-3, Ergonomics of the thermal envir
31、onment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 3: Cold surfaces ISO 15831, Clothing Physiological effects Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin EN 511, Protective gloves against cold 5 DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) 3 Terms
32、, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13731 and the following terms, definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 cold stress climatic conditions under which the body heat exchange is just equal to or too large for heat
33、balance at the expense of significant and sometimes uncompensable physiological strain (heat debt) 3.1.2 heat stress climatic conditions under which the body heat exchange is just equal to or too small for heat balance at the expense of significant and sometimes uncompensable physiological strain (h
34、eat storage) 3.1.3 IREQ required clothing insulation for the preservation of body heat balance at defined levels of physiological strain 3.1.4 thermoneutral zone temperature interval within which the body maintains heat balance exclusively by vasomotor reactions 3.1.5 wind chill temperature temperat
35、ure related to the cooling effect on a local skin segment 3.2 Symbols ADuDubois body surface area, m2ap air permeability, l m-2 s1C convective heat flow (exchange), W m2cewater latent heat of vaporization, J kg1cpspecific heat of dry air at constant pressure, J kg1 K1Cresrespiratory convective heat
36、flow (loss), W m2Dlimduration limited exposure, h Drecrecovery time, h E evaporative heat flow (exchange) at the skin, W m2Eresrespiratory evaporative heat flow (loss), W m2fclclothing area factor, dimensionless hcconvective heat transfer coefficient, W m2 K1hrradiative heat transfer coefficient, W
37、m2 K1Iaboundary layer thermal insulation, m2 K W1Ia,rresultant boundary layer thermal insulation, m2 K W16 EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04Iclbasic clothing insulation, m2 K W1Icl,rresultant clothing insulation, m2 K W1ITbasic total insulation, m2 K W1IT,rresultant total insulation, m2
38、 K W1immoisture permeability index, dimensionless IREQ required clothing insulation, m2 K W1IREQminminimal required clothing insulation, m2 K W1IREQneutralneutral required clothing insulation, m2 K W1K conductive heat flow (exchange), W m2M metabolic rate, W m2pawater vapour partial pressure, kPa pe
39、xsaturated water vapour pressure at expired air temperature, kPa pskwater vapour pressure at skin temperature, kPa psk,s saturated water vapour pressure at the skin surface, kPa Q body heat gain or loss, kJ m2Qlimlimit value for Q, kJ m2R radiative heat flow (exchange), W m2Re,Ttotal evaporative res
40、istance of clothing and boundary air layer, m2 kPa W1S body heat storage rate, W m2taair temperature, C tclclothing surface temperature, C texexpired air temperature, C tooperative temperature, C trradiant temperature tsklocal skin temperature, C skt mean skin temperature, C tWCwind chill temperatur
41、e, C V respiratory ventilation rate, kg air s1v10wind speed measured 10 m above ground level, m s1vaair velocity, m s1vwwalking speed, m s1W effective mechanical power, W m2w skin wettedness, dimensionless 7 DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) Wahumidity ratio of inhaled air, kg water/kg d
42、ry air Wexhumidity ratio of exhaled air, kg water/kg dry air Stefan-Boltzmann constant clemissivity of clothing surface, dimensionless 4 Principles of methods for evaluation Cold stress is evaluated in terms of both general cooling of the body and local cooling of particular parts of the body (e.g.
43、extremities and face). The following types of cold stress are identified. a) General cooling For general cooling, an analytical method is presented in Clause 5 for the evaluation and interpretation of the thermal stress. It is based on a calculation of the body heat exchange, the required clothing i
44、nsulation (IREQ) for the maintenance of thermal equilibrium and the insulation provided by clothing ensemble in use or anticipated to be used. b) Local cooling 1) convective cooling (wind chill) 2) conductive cooling 3) extremity cooling 4) airway cooling For local cooling, methods are proposed in C
45、lause 6. Criteria and limit values are also given in Clause 6 and Annex B. In the following sections, the main steps of evaluation are described. 5 General cooling 5.1 Overview A general equation for body heat balance is defined. In this equation clothing thermal properties, body heat production and
46、 physical characteristics of the environment are the determinant factors. The equation is solved for the required clothing insulation (IREQ) for maintained heat balance under specified criteria of physiological strain. IREQ is subsequently compared with the protection (insulation) offered by the wor
47、kers clothing. If worn insulation is less than required, a duration limited exposure (Dlim) is calculated on the basis of acceptable levels of body cooling. Detailed formulas, coefficients and criteria are proposed in Annexes A and B. The method involves the following steps, outlined schematically i
48、n Figure 1: measurements of the thermal parameters of the environment; determination of activity level (metabolic rate); calculation of IREQ; comparison of IREQ with resultant insulation provided by clothing in use; evaluation of the conditions for thermal balance and calculation of the recommended
49、maximal exposure time (Dlim). 8 EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04Figure 1 Procedure for evaluation of cold environments 9 DIN EN ISO 11079:2008-04EN ISO 11079:2007 (E) 5.2 Definition of required clothing insulation, IREQ IREQ is the resultant clothing insulation required in the actual environmental conditi
