1、November 2015 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.080.10!%GF=“2363526www.din.d
2、eDIN EN ISO 12404Soil quality Guidance on the selection and application of screening methods (ISO 12404:2011);English version EN ISO 12404:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11Bodenbeschaffenheit Anleitung fr Auswahl und Anwendung von Vor-Ort-Verfahren (ISO 12404:2011);Englische Fassu
3、ng EN ISO 12404:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11Qualit du sol Lignes directrices pour la slection et lapplication des mthodes de diagnostic rapide (ISO 12404:2011);Version anglaise EN ISO 12404:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11www.beuth.deDTranslation by DIN-
4、Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 18 pages10.15 DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword The text of ISO 12404:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil qu
5、ality” and has been taken over as EN ISO 12404:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (DIN Standards Committee Water Practice), Working Committ
6、ee NA 119-01-02-02-21 AK Vor-Ort-Ver-fahren. It should be noted that the term “screening” used in the English version can be translated into German as both bersichtsverfahren as well as Vor-Ort-Verfahren. While Vor-Ort-Verfahren are field methods, bersichtsverfahren can also be carried out in a labo
7、ratory. Therefore, in the German version of EN ISO 12404, the term “screening” is used to denote both methods, and the term Vor-Ort-Verfahren is used when field methods are meant. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-2 D
8、IN ISO 5725-2 ISO 11074 DIN EN ISO 11074 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 11074, Soil quality Vocabulary DIN ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a st
9、andard measurement method EN ISO 12404July 2015ICS 13.080.10 English VersionSo ilqualit y -Guidanc eo nth eselectio nan dapplicatio nofscreening methods (ISO 12404:2011)Qualit du sol - Lignes directrices pour la slection etlapplication des mthodes de diagnostic rapide(ISO 12404:2011)Bodenbeschaffenh
10、eit - Anleitung fr Auswahl undAnwendung von Vor-Ort-Verfahren (ISO 12404:2011)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nationa
11、l standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A versio
12、n in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cze
13、ch Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. CE
14、N-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12404:2015 EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGE
15、UROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMContents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 General .5 4.1 Introduction . 5 4.2 Typical areas for application of screening methods 6 5 Selection of a screening method 7 5.1 General objective
16、s 7 5.2 Selection criteria . 7 5.3 Fit-for-purpose test . 8 5.4 Quality targets . 8 6 Application and applicability of a selected screening method.9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Screening method requirements . 9 6.3 Screening method applicability 9 7 Fit-for-purpose evaluation . 11 7.1 General . 11 7.2 Accurac
17、y evaluation . 12 7.3 Exclusion of false negative results . 12 7.4 Testing of individual equivalence . 12 8 Analytical acceptance criteria . 12 8.1 Genera l 12 8.2 Starting criteria 13 8.3 Continuous criteria . 13 9 Quality assurance 13 10 Documentation . 14 Annex A (informative) Example for selecti
18、on and application process of screening methods 15 Bibliography . 16 2DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11 EN ISO 12404:2015 (E) European foreword The text of ISO 12404:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has bee
19、n taken over as EN ISO 12404:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 201
20、6, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
21、. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, G
22、ermany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12404:2011 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 1240
23、4:2015 without any modification. 3DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11EN ISO 12404:2015 (E)IntroductionScreening methods, which can be chemical, physical or biochemical in nature, can often be applied in a quick and simple manner. Performance of quick and simple tests can be used in the field (i.e. on-site) and
24、, in some cases, are also applicable for laboratory use. They can indicate the presence or absence of an analyte, or provide a qualitative estimate of a concentration or value, or generate a quantitative result. They can also be used to produce a spatial distribution of concentrations or values with
25、in a site, which can be supported by subsequent reference (laboratory-base) analysis. When used in this way, the purpose is generally to obtain information on target parameters or groups of parameters and the location of unusual concentrations, possibly prior to undertaking a more detailed study or
26、investigation. For these purposes, the bias and precision of these methods need not be to the same level as conventional laboratory reference methods, for example as demonstrated by International Standards, as the initial objective of their use is to obtain as much information as possible in a relat
27、ively short period of time on the presence or absence, or range of concentrations likely to be determined for a particular site. It may be more important to obtain a result quickly or with an improved spatial resolution as an indication of the magnitude and likely concentration, rather than precise
28、and unbiased values.Typically, for measurement techniques, a result may be obtained in one of three ways. Firstly, as a qualitative presence or absence result. Secondly, as a semi-quantitative result expressed within a relatively wide range of values, and thirdly, as a result with an accompanying un
29、certainty of measurement with a significantly smaller range of values that might be expected. (The third option is usually a result generated using a laboratory reference method, with the uncertainty of measurement of laboratory reference methods generally being smaller than that of screening method
30、s.) Whichever result is generated depends on the nature and type of the screening method used, as well as the technology on which the screening method is based.The use of screening methods usually increases the efficiency of a site investigation, while providing as much information as that obtained
31、in situations where only laboratory reference methods are used. Whilst the use of these rapid measurement techniques at a particular site should not replace conventional analysis, their use greatly facilitates the investigation in a complementary role. Generally, many more samples can be analysed an
32、d results generated faster than determined by more conventional testing of laboratory reference methods. This enables areas, for example, those with very high levels of concentrations, or where very low concentrations exist, to be identified much more quickly and efficiently. If too few samples are
33、taken and analysed by more costly laboratory reference methods, there is a risk that these areas might not be identified and could easily be missed. This process then allows more effort to be directed on those areas where high or unusual levels are likely to be present, for example, by employing con
34、ventional laboratory reference method analysis. This can save time, money and resources, especially when cost-effective screening methods are applied to a large number of samples and supportive conventional reference method analysis is also undertaken, where relevant.The use of screening methods, pa
35、rticularly if carried out on-site, can offer an immediate decision-making opportunity which enables staff to direct their efforts more effectively to those areas where a more thorough investigation might need to be undertaken. The guidance in this International Standard describes the application of
36、screening methods, and how they might be used for assessing soil quality. Notwithstanding some of the issues raised, screening methods can generate robust and reliable results which can be used with confidence.NOTE Although soil screening methods are most commonly used to determine contaminants (pol
37、lutants) in soils, for example in site investigations, they can also be used to determine parameters in uncontaminated soils (e.g. agricultural soils.) The use of the word “contaminant” in this International Standard can equally apply to any relevant soil parameter.4DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11 EN ISO 1
38、2404:2015 (E) 1 ScopeThis International Standard provides guidance on the selection and application of screening methods for assessing soil quality. Guidance is given to choose an appropriate screening method for a specific parameter and defines the conditions under which they can be used.This Inter
39、national Standard does not recommend any particular screening method, but confirms the principles of their selection and application.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
40、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 11074, Soil quality Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the following apply.3.1screening methodmethod which is
41、 used (often on-site) to quickly explore a given area or test a set of samples and obtain data on soil quality3.2laboratory reference methodlaboratory-based method which is performed in accordance with National or International Standards and is not necessarily comparable with screening methodsNOTE A
42、 laboratory reference method may be recognized nationally or internationally and is performed within a qualified laboratory. Its results are not necessarily comparable with those of screening methods.4 General4.1 IntroductionThis International Standard describes a framework for selection and applica
43、tion of screening methods.It defines the whole process, from the selection of the screening method, the applicability and fit-for-purpose testing, the fulfilling of the acceptance criteria, the quality control of the applied method, to the documentation of measurement results.The suitability of any
44、particular screening method depends on the parameter or group of parameters requiring determination and on the technical nature of the method.Screening methods can be classified in various categories as outlined below.5DIN EN ISO 12404:2015-11EN ISO 12404:2015 (E)4.2 Typical areas for application of
45、 screening methodsScreening methods may complement a laboratory reference method, but may also be used alone where a definitive decision can be made using the screening method. Screening methods can be used to set priorities for a site investigation or facilitate the design of a sampling plan. Even
46、allowing for the higher uncertainties of measurements generally associated with such methods, they may be used to quickly obtain an indication of, for example, the quality of soil or the concentration of parameters of interest present on a site, including those areas showing very high levels, and th
47、ose areas showing low levels. Knowledge of these results can be used quickly and decisions taken directly after the measurements are made to identify specific site locations where further sampling and analysis may be required, or to prioritize those samples that may need to be analysed using laborat
48、ory reference methods.Screening methods are often used to aid selection of those samples that are to be determined in a laboratory and those that are not. In addition, they can be used as an indicator that may suggest those locations where further investigation or follow-up action needs to be taken.
49、 Screening method analysis can be carried out in one of three ways:a) at or very close to the sampling location on-site in the field;b) at or very close to the sampling location inside a dedicated test room or an area equipped with basic services such as electricity and water, for example, where non-portable equipment needs to be used;c) in a conventional laboratory.Screening methods carried out in a dedicated test room, or an area equipped with basic services, usually result in be
