1、January 2016 English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.060.60; 17.240!%KXZ“2405355ww
2、w.din.deDIN EN ISO 13161W a t e r q u a l i t y M e a s u r e m e n t o f p o l o n i u m 2 1 0 a c t i v i t y c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n w a t e r b y a l p h a s p e c t r o m e t r y ( I S O 1 3 1 6 1 : 2 0 1 1 ) ;E n g l i s h v e r s i o n E N I S O 1 3 1 6 1 : 2 0 1 5 ,English translation
3、of DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01W a s s e r b e s c h a f f e n h e i t B e s t i m m u n g d e r A k t i v i t t s k o n z e n t r a t i o n v o n P o l o n i u m 2 1 0 i n W a s s e r m i t t e l s A l p h a s p e k t r o m e t r i e ( I S O 1 3 1 6 1 : 2 0 1 1 ) ;E n g l i s c h e F a s s u n g E N I
4、S O 1 3 1 6 1 : 2 0 1 5 ,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01Q u a l i t d e l e a u M e s u r a g e d e l a c t i v i t d u p o l o n i u m 2 1 0 d a n s l e a u p a r s p e c t r o m t r i e a l p h a( I S O 1 3 1 6 1 : 2 0 1 1 ) ;V e r s i o n a n g l a i s e E N I S O 1 3 1 6 1 : 2
5、0 1 5 ,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises 24 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.01.16 DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword T
6、he text of ISO 13161:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality” and has been taken over as EN ISO 13161:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss W
7、asserwesen (DIN Standards Committee Water Practice), Working Committee NA 119-01-03 AA Wasseruntersuchung. Designation of the method: Measurement of polonium 210 activity concentration in water by alpha spectrometry Method DIN EN ISO 13161 C 29 The DIN Standards corresponding to the International St
8、andards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 ISO 5667-1 DIN EN ISO 5667-1 ISO 5667-3 DIN EN ISO 5667-3 ISO 11929 DIN ISO 11929 ISO 80000-10 DIN EN ISO 80000-10 ISO/IEC 17025 DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 3 Expert assistance and specialized laboratories w
9、ill be required to perform the analyses described in this standard. Existing safety requirements are to be observed. Depending on the objective of the analysis, a check shall be made on a case-by-case basis as to whether and to what extent additional conditions will have to be specified. This standa
10、rd has been prepared by DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (DIN Standards Committee Water Practice) in collaboration with the Wasserchemische Gesellschaft - Fachgruppe in der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (Water Chemistry Society - Division of the German Chemical Society). It is part of the series De
11、utsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung (German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge): Measurement of polonium 210 activity concentration in water by alpha spectrometry (C 29) Standard methods published as DIN Standards are obtainable
12、from Beuth Verlag GmbH, either individually or grouped in volumes. The standard methods included in the loose-leaf publication entitled Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung will continue to be published by Beuth Verlag GmbH and Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH 17.240 Englis
13、h Version Water quality - Measurement of polonium 210 activity concentration in water by alpha spectrometry (ISO 13161:2011) Qualit de leau - Mesurage de lactivit du polonium 210 dans leau par spectromtrie alpha (ISO 13161:2011) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Aktivittskonzentration von Poloni
14、um-210 in Wasser mittels Alphaspektrometrie (ISO 13161:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 September 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard w
15、ithout any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any oth
16、er language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
17、 Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMM
18、ITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O MIT E U R O P EN D E N O RMA L I S A T IO N EU ROP IS CH ES K OMITEE F R NORMU N G CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN
19、ISO 13161:2015 E Contents PageForeword .4Introduction 51 Scope 62 Normative references .63 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 63.1 Terms and definitions .73.2 Symbols, definitions and units 74 Principle .74.1 General .74.2 Treatment .84.3 Principle of alpha spectrometry 85 Reagents and equipment
20、85.1 Reagents 85.2 Preparation material and treatment 95.3 Alpha spectrometry measuring equipment 96 Sampling and samples .97 Chemical treatment and deposit process .97.1 General .97.2 Chemical treatment 107.3 Disc cleaning .107.4 Deposition phase 108 Measurement by alpha spectrometry .118.1 General
21、 118.2 Quality control .118.3 Measurement .119 Expression of results 119.1 General 119.2 Total yield .129.3 Activity concentration of 210Po in the sample 129.4 Combined uncertainties .139.5 Decision threshold .139.6 Detection limit .139.7 Confidence limits 1410 Test report 14Annex A (informative) Ce
22、ll deposit examples .16Annex B (informative) Spectrum examples .18Bibliography .202DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 EN ISO 13161:2015 (E) European Foreword 33DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 EN ISO 13161:2015 (E) European foreword The text of ISO 13161:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water
23、 quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 13161:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publicatio
24、n of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not
25、 be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
26、Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice
27、The text of ISO 13161:2011 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13161:2015 without any modification. ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally ca
28、rried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work
29、. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare Internat
30、ional Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the el
31、ements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 13161 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Radiological methods.4DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 EN ISO 13161:2015 (E
32、) IntroductionThere are different techniques to measure 210Po activity concentration in water: alpha spectrometry, liquid scintillation counting, alpha proportional counting.This International Standard describes a method for measuring 210Po activity concentration in natural waters by alpha spectrome
33、try.Polonium 210 (210Po) is a natural alpha-emitting radionuclide with a half-life of 138 d. It appears in the natural chain of uranium 238 (238U) (see Figure 1). It is a long-life decay product of radon 222 (222Rn) through lead 210 (210Pb) (see References 5 to 9).Precautions are required when manip
34、ulating radioactive materials such as polonium isotopes.The activity concentration ranges of 210Po, in drinking waters for example, are generally very low, usually ranging from 1 mBq lnull1to 30 mBq lnull1.This International Standard is applicable to all types of water, including sea water, and usua
35、lly allows the measurement of 210Po activity concentrations greater or equal to 5 mBq lnull1.NOTE 206Pb is stable.Figure 1 Uranium 238 and its decay products5DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 EN ISO 13161:2015 (E) WARNING Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory pra
36、ctice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.IMPORTANT It is absol
37、utely essential that tests conducted according to this International Standard be carried out by suitably trained staff.1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the measurement of 210Po activity concentration by alpha spectrometry in all kinds of natural waters.The detection limit of this method
38、depends on the volume of the sample, the counting time, the background count rate and the detection efficiency. In the case of drinking water, the analysis is usually carried out on the raw sample, without filtration or other pretreatment.If suspended material has to be removed or analysed, filtrati
39、on at 0,45 m is recommended. The analysis of the insoluble fraction requires a mineralization step that is not covered by this International Standard (see NF M 60-790-44). In this case, the measurement is made on the different phases obtained. The final activity is the sum of all the measured activi
40、ty concentrations.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3696,
41、Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methodsISO 5667-1, Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniquesISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samplesISO 11929, Determination of the chara
42、cteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit and limits of the confidence interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation Fundamentals and applicationISO 80000-10, Quantities and units Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physicsISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and
43、calibration laboratoriesISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)3 Terms, definitions, symbols and unitsFor the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations given in ISO 80000-10 and the fol
44、lowing apply.6DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 EN ISO 13161:2015 (E) 3.1 Terms and definitions3.1.1certified reference solutionsolution of known concentration traceable to primary or secondary certified reference solution standards of radioactivity3.1.2tracer solutionusually a secondary standard or referenc
45、e material, such as 208Po or 209Po, employed to determine the chemical yield of the analysis3.1.3quality control standardradioactive source used to demonstrate that the measurement equipment employed performs within defined limitsNOTE Quality control is usually carried out by the regular measurement
46、 of a suitable radioactive source in accordance with ISO 7870-11, ISO 7870-22, and ISO 78713.3.2 Symbols, definitions and unitsnull activity of the tracer added BqcAactivity concentration of 210Po Bq lnull1cA*decision threshold Bq lnull1cA#detection limit Bq lnull1ccAAtrianglerighttriangleleft, lowe
47、r and upper limits of the confidence intervalBq lnull1nullcchemical yield 1nullTtotal yield 1null0background count rate in the 210Po region of interest snull1null0Tbackground count rate in the tracer region of interest snull1nullggross count rate of the sample in the 210Po region of interest snull1n
48、ullTgross count rate in the tracer region of interest snull1null0background counting time snullgsample counting time snull expanded uncertainty calculated by null null null null null(cA) with null null 1, 2 . Bq lnull1null(cA) standard uncertainty associated with the initial measurement result Bq ln
49、ull1null volume of the test sample aliquot lnull counting efficiency 14 Principle4.1 GeneralAfter sampling, the test sample undergoes a treatment which leads to an extremely thin deposit of the polonium on a metal disc, for measurement by alpha spectrometry.7DIN EN ISO 13161:2016-01 EN ISO 13161:2015 (E) 210Po has a half-life of 138,376 d null 0,002 d (see Reference 11).The sample shall be analyse
