1、October 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 12No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.030.99; 83.080.01!$
2、ZBA“1553130www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 14855-2Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plasticmaterials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in aEnglish version of DIN EN ISO 14855-2:2
3、009-10Bestimmung der vollstndigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unterden Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides Teil 2: Gravimetrische Messung des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides im LabormastabEnglische Fassung
4、DIN EN ISO 14855-2:2009-10www.beuth.delaboratory-scale test (ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor. 1:2009)(ISO 14855-2:2007, einschlielich Cor. 1:2009)Document comprises 21 pagesDIN EN ISO 14855-2:2009-10 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in c
5、ollaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” (Secretariat: NBN, Belgium). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Kunststoffe (Plastics Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 054-01-07 AA Bioabbaubare Kunststoffe. ISO 14855-2:2007 Technica
6、l Corrigendum 1:2009 has been incorporated in this standard. ISO 14855 consists of the following parts, under the general title Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide: Part 1: Gen
7、eral method Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of this document are as follows: ISO 5663 DIN EN 25663 ISO 8245 DIN EN 1484 ISO 11721-1 DIN EN ISO 11721-1 ISO 14855
8、-1 DIN EN ISO 14855-1 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 1484, Water analysis Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) DIN EN 25663, Water quality Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen Method after mineralization with selenium DI
9、N EN ISO 11721-1, Textiles Determination of resistance of cellulose-containing textiles to micro-organisms Soil burial test Part 1: Assessment of rot-retardant finishing DIN EN ISO 14855-1, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting condit
10、ions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 1: General method EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14855-2 June 2009 ICS 83.080.01 English Version Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Metho
11、d by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test (ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor. 1:2009) Dtermination de la biodgradabilit arobie ultime des matriaux plastiques dans des conditions contrles de compostage - Mthode par ana
12、lyse du dioxyde de carbone libr - Partie 2: Mesurage gravimtrique du dioxyde de carbone libr lors dun essai de laboratoire (ISO 14855-2:2007, Cor. 1:2009 inclus) Bestimmung der vollstndigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfah
13、ren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides - Teil 2: Gravimetrische Messung des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides im Labormastab (ISO 14855-2:2007, einschlielich Cor. 1:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 May 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELE
14、C Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any C
15、EN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CE
16、N members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sw
17、eden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members
18、. Ref. No. EN ISO 14855-2:2009: EContents Page2 DIN EN ISO 14855-2:2009-10 EN ISO 14855-2:2009 (E) Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Principle7 5 Reagents.7 6 Apparatus .8 7 Procedure .9 8 Calculation. 12 9 Expression and interpretation of resul
19、ts . 13 10 Validity of results 13 11 Annex A (informative) Basic principle of the test . 14 Annex B (informative) Example of an apparatus using an electrically heated composting vessel . 16 Annex C (informative) Derivation of the equation used to calculate the degree of biodegradation from the amoun
20、t of carbon dioxide evolved. 18 Bibliography. 19 Test report . 13 Foreword3 EN ISO 14855-2:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 14855-2:2009-10 The text of ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor. 1:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
21、 and has been taken over as EN ISO 14855-2:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009,
22、 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
23、 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
24、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor. 1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14855-2:2009 without any modificat
25、ion. IntroductionManagement of plastics waste is a serious problem in the world. Plastics recovery technologies include materialrecovery (mechanical recycling, chemical or feedstock recycling, and biological or organic recycling) and energyrecovery (heat, steam or electricity as a substitute for fos
26、sil fuels or other fuel resources). The use ofbiodegradable plastics is one valuable recovery option (biological or organic recycling).Several ISO standards for determining the ultimate aerobic/anaerobic biodegradability of plastic materials havebeen published. In particular, ISO 14855-1 is a common
27、 test method that measures the amount of carbondioxide evolved using methods such as continuous infrared analysis, gas chromatography or titration.Compared with ISO 14855-1, the amounts of compost inoculum and test sample used in this part of ISO 14855are one-tenth the size. In order to ensure the a
28、ctivity of the compost inoculum, inert material that gives themixture the same texture as soil is mixed into the inoculum. The carbon dioxide evolved from the test vessel isdetermined by absorbing it in a carbon dioxide trap and carrying out gravimetric analysis of the absorbent. Themethod described
29、 in this part of ISO 14855, which uses a closed system to capture the carbon dioxide evolved,can also be used to obtain valuable information, by means of isotopic-labelling studies, on the way in which themolecular structure of co-polymers degrades.4 DIN EN ISO 14855-2:2009-10 EN ISO 14855-2:2009 (E
30、) WARNING Sewage, activated sludge, soil and compost may contain potentially pathogenicorganisms. Therefore appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic testcompounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care.1ScopeThis part of ISO 14855 specifies a meth
31、od for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plasticmaterials under controlled composting conditions by gravimetric measurement of the amount of carbon dioxideevolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum rate of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity, aerationand temperature
32、of the composting vessel.The method applies to the following materials: natural and/or synthetic polymers and copolymers, and mixtures of these; plastic materials that contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants; water-soluble polymers; materials that, under the test conditions, do not inhib
33、it the activity of micro-organisms present in theinoculum.If the test material inhibits micro-organisms in the inoculum, another type of mature compost or pre-exposurecompost can be used.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
34、For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 5663, Water quality Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen Method after mineralization with seleniumISO 8245, Water quality Guidelines for the
35、determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolvedorganic carbon (DOC)ISO 11721-1, Textiles Determination of resistance of cellulose-containing textiles to micro-organisms Soilburial test Part 1: Assessment of rot-retardant finishingISO 14855-1, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegrad
36、ability of plastic materials under controlledcomposting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 1: General method5 EN ISO 14855-2:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 14855-2:2009-10 3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 compostor
37、ganic soil conditioner obtained by biodegradation of a mixture principally consisting of various vegetableresidues, occasionally with other organic material and having a limited mineral content3.2 compostingaerobic process designed to produce compost3.3 total dry solidsamount of solids obtained by t
38、aking a known volume of test material or compost and drying at about toconstant mass3.4 volatile solidsamount of solids obtained by subtracting the residue of a known volume of test material or compost afterincineration at about from the total dry solids of the same sampleNOTE The volatile-solids co
39、ntent is an indication of the amount of organic matter present.3.5 ultimate aerobic biodegradationbreakdown of an organic compound by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, waterand mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) plus new biomass3.6 theoretical a
40、mount of evolved carbon dioxideThCO2maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved after completely oxidizing a chemical compound,calculated from the molecular formula and expressed as milligrams of carbon dioxide evolved per milligram orgram of test compound3.7 lag phasetime, measured in days
41、, from the start of a test until adaptation and/or selection of the degradation micro-organisms is achieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter hasincreased to about of the maximum level of biodegradation3.8 maximum level of biodegradationdegree of biodegradatio
42、n, measured as a percentage, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test,above which no further biodegradation takes place during the test3.9 biodegradation phasetime, measured in days, from the end of the lag phase of a test until about of the maximum level ofbiodegradation has been reached3
43、.10 plateau phasetime, measured in days, from the end of the biodegradation phase until the end of the test105C550C10 %90 %6 DIN EN ISO 14855-2:2009-10 EN ISO 14855-2:2009 (E) 3.11 pre-exposurepre-incubation of an inoculum in the presence of the chemical compound or organic matter under test, with t
44、heaim of enhancing the ability of the inoculum to biodegrade the test material by adaptation and/or selection of themicro-organisms3.12 pre-conditioningpre-incubation of an inoculum under the conditions of the subsequent test in the absence of the chemicalcompound or organic matter under test, with
45、the aim of improving the test by acclimatization of the micro-organisms to the test conditions3.13 water-holding capacityWHCmass of water that evaporates from soil saturated with water when the soil is dried to constant mass at ,divided by the dry mass of the soil4 PrincipleThis method is designed t
46、o yield the optimum rate of biodegradation of a plastic material in mature compost bycontrolling the humidity, aeration ratio and temperature in the composting vessel. It also aims to determine theultimate biodegradability of the test material by using a small-scale reactor. The degradation rate is
47、periodicallymeasured by determining the mass of the evolved carbon dioxide using an absorption column filled with sodalime and soda talc on an electronic balance.The test material is mixed with an inoculum derived from mature compost and with an inert material such as seasand. The sea sand plays an
48、active part by acting as a holding body for humidity and micro-organisms.Examples of suitable test arrangements are presented in Annexes A and B. The amount of carbon dioxideevolved is measured at intervals on an electronic balance and the carbon dioxide content is determined usingthe following meth
49、od. The derivation of the equation used to calculate the degree of biodegradation from theamount of carbon dioxide evolved is given in Annex C. In this method, the degree of biodegradation, expressedas a percentage, is calculated by comparing the amount of carbon dioxide evolved with the theoretical amount(ThCO2).The test is terminated when the plateau phase of biodegradation has been attained. The standard time fortermination is 45 days, but the test could be continued for up to six months.5ReagentsUse only a
