1、April 2015Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 1
2、3.080.30!%B3d“2311665www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 16198Soil quality Plant-based test to assess the environmental bioavailability of traceelements to plants (ISO 16198:2015);English version EN ISO 16198:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04Bodenbeschaffenheit Pflanzenbasierter Test zur Beurte
3、ilung der umweltrelevanten Bioverfgbarkeit vonSpurenelementen fr Pflanzen (ISO 16198:2015);Englische Fassung EN ISO 16198:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04Qualit du sol Test vgtal pour lvaluation de la biodisponibilit environnementale des lments tracespour les vgtaux (ISO 16198:
4、2015);Version anglaise EN ISO 16198:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 52 pages03.15 DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National forewordThi
5、s document (EN ISO 16198:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality”in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Secretariat: NEN (Netherlands). The preliminary work was done by Working Group WG 8 “Bio-availability” of ISO/TC 190/SC 7
6、 (lead-management: NEN, Netherlands) The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (DIN Standards Committee Water Practice), Working Group NA 119-01-02-04 UA Biologische Verfahren of Working Committee NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchung. Th
7、e DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 ISO 10390 DIN EN 15933 ISO 10693 DIN EN ISO 10693 ISO 10694 DIN EN 15936 ISO 11047 DIN ISO 11047 ISO 11074 E DIN EN ISO 11074 ISO 11269-1 DIN EN I
8、SO 11269-1 ISO 11269-2 DIN EN ISO 11269-2 ISO 11277 DIN ISO 11277 ISO 11465 DIN EN 15934 ISO 13528 DIN ISO 13528 ISO 14869-1 DIN ISO 14869-1 ISO 17294-2 DIN EN ISO 17294-2 ISO 17402 DIN EN ISO 17402 ISO 19730 DIN ISO 19730 ISO 20280 DIN ISO 20280 ISO 22030 DIN EN ISO 22030 ISO 22036 DIN ISO 22036 DI
9、N EN ISO 16198:2015-04 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 15933, Sludge, treated biowaste and soil Determination of pH DIN EN 15934, Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste Calculation of dry matter fraction after deter-mination of dry residue or water content DIN EN 15936, Sludg
10、e, treated biowaste, soil and waste Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) by dry combustion DIN EN ISO 10693, Soil quality Determination of carbonate content Volumetric method E DIN EN ISO 11074, Soil quality Vocabulary DIN EN ISO 11269-1, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutant
11、s on soil flora Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth DIN EN ISO 11269-2, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Part 2: Effects of contaminated soil on the emergence and early growth of higher plants DIN EN ISO 17294-2, Water quality Applicat
12、ion of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) Part 2: Determination of 62 elements DIN EN ISO 17402, Soil quality Requirements and guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soil and soil materials DIN EN ISO 22030, S
13、oil quality Biological methods Chronic toxicity in higher plants DIN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods DIN ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and repro
14、ducibility of a standard measurement method DIN ISO 11047, Soil quality Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc in aqua regia extracts of soil Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods DIN ISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of pa
15、rticle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentation DIN ISO 13528, Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons DIN ISO 14869-1, Soil quality Dissolution for the determination of total element content Part 1: Dissolution with hyd
16、rofluoric and perchloric acids DIN ISO 19730, Soil quality Extraction of trace elements from soil using ammonium nitrate solution DIN ISO 20280, Soil quality Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium in aqua regia soil extracts with electrothermal or hydride-generation atomic absorption spectr
17、ometry DIN ISO 22036, Soil quality Determination of trace elements in extracts of soil by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04 4 This page is intentionally blank EN ISO 16198January 2015 ICS 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality - Plant-based te
18、st to assess the environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants (ISO 16198:2015) Qualit du sol - Test vgtal pour lvaluation de la biodisponibilit environnementale des lments traces pour les vgtaux (ISO 16198:2015) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Pflanzenbasierter Test zur Beurteilung der umweltrele
19、vanten Bioverfgbarkeit von Spurenelementen fr Pflanzen (ISO 16198:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national s
20、tandard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version i
21、n any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
22、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. CEN-C
23、ENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16198:2015 EEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE
24、NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGContentPage Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references. 5 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Principle 7 5 Laboratory apparatus 9 6 Reagents . 9 6.1 General 9 7 Biological and growing apparatus . 10 7.1 Plant species 10 7.2 Biotest apparatus
25、. 10 7.3 Composition of the nutrient solutions . 13 7.4 Climatic conditions in the growth chamber 14 8 Pre-treatment and analysis of soil or soil material sample . 14 8.1 Sample size and particle size reduction 14 8.2 Analyses 14 9 Experimental and analytical procedure . 15 9.1 Overview of the proce
26、dure 15 9.2 Selection and preparation of seeds . 15 9.3 Preculture period: Germination and pre-growth in hydroponics 15 9.4 Preparation and incubation of soil or soil material 16 9.5 Test culture period: Plant growth in contact with soil or soil material 16 9.6 Plant harvests . 17 9.7 Grinding and d
27、igestion of shoots and roots . 17 9.8 Analytical determination . 18 10 Validity criteria 18 11 Assessment of the results 18 11.1 Determination of trace element concentrations and uptake flux in plants 18 11.2 Data presentation . 20 11.3 Expression of the results 20 12 Statistical analysis . 20 12.1
28、General 20 12.2 Plant biomasses . 20 12.3 Bioavailability end points 21 13 Test report . 21 Annex A (informative) Plant species adapted to the biotest procedure 23 Annex B (informative) Technical drawings of the different components of the biotest . 25 Annex C (informative) Seed selection and seed d
29、ensity in plant pot for a range of species tested with the standardized experimental procedure . 28 Annex D (informative) Digestion and analysis of plant samples 30 Annex E (informative) Range of biomasses and trace element quantities in control plant pots 32 Annex F (informative) Ring-test 43 Bibli
30、ography 47 2DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04 EN ISO 16198:2015 (E) Foreword This document (EN ISO 16198:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This Euro
31、pean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
32、of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Europea
33、n Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloven
34、ia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16198:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16198:2015 without any modification. 3DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04EN ISO 16198:2015 (E)IntroductionOne of the main objectives of ISO 17402 is to define a concep
35、tual framework of the bioavailability of contaminants in soils and soil materials, and to provide a guidance for the selection of methods able to be standardized for the measurement of bioavailability. Bioavailability was thus defined according to three successive steps:a) “environmental availabilit
36、y”;b) “environmental bioavailability”;c) “toxicological bioavailability”.The environmental bioavailability is consequently a prerequisite to the assessment of the toxicological bioavailability and is directly related to the impact of pollutants on major functions of soil in the ecosystem and more pa
37、rticularly to habitat and retention functions.Environmental bioavailability can be estimated with either chemical or biological methods. In the case of trace elements, chemical methods are usually the cheapest, easy to perform, and some of them are already standardized at national or international l
38、evel (e.g. ISO 19730). However, chemical methods which, strictly speaking, measure the environmental availability in soils have to be correlated with biological measurements before being used as indicators of environmental bioavailability. Whatever chemical methods are employed, none are designed pe
39、r se to address the diversity of responses observed among different plant species or cultivars which can be attributed to a) the uptake behaviour of plants (i.e. sensitive, tolerant, accumulator, or hyper-accumulator of trace elements) and/or b) the ability of plants to alter the biological, physica
40、l and physical-chemical properties of their “bio-influenced zone” at the soil-root interface, i.e. the so-called rhizosphere. It could alternatively, be suggested to apply chemical methods directly to the rhizosphere but the sampling of the rhizosphere is definitely too tedious to be applied routine
41、ly.For biological methods, four standardized biotests account for rhizosphere processes as they are based on soil-grown plants (ISO 11269-1, ISO 11269-2, ISO 17126, and ISO 22030). However, these were only designed to predict trace element phytotoxicity, i.e. the toxicological bioavailability. In th
42、ese biotests, roots grow directly in the soil, therefore requiring a tedious washing procedure to reliably measure trace elements accumulated in the roots. Indeed, the amount of trace elements accumulated in shoots of non-accumulator plant species is not sufficiently sensitive to be used for assessi
43、ng the environmental bioavailability of trace elements compared to the amount accumulated in the whole plant, roots included. Thus, there is still a need to develop biological methods accounting for rhizosphere processes and enabling to include the root compartment in order to properly estimate the
44、environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants.Consequently, the present International Standard introduces a biotest based on the growing of roots in contact with the soil but without penetrating it. Although this experimental design is partly artificial, it enables a fair comparison of t
45、he bioavailability of trace elements between tested soils. In addition, the end point measured can be more directly related to the measurement of the environmental availability than any end point based on the measurement of toxicity.4DIN EN ISO 16198:2015-04 EN ISO 16198:2015 (E) 1 ScopeThis Interna
46、tional Standard specifies the plant-based test, hereafter called the biotest. It enables estimation of the environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants either basically as the concentration in shoots and roots or in a more integrative way as the net uptake flux in plants. The biotest pr
47、ocedure includes two successive steps: (i) a pre-growth of plants in hydroponics and (ii) a growth of plants in contact with soil samples. The concentration in shoots and roots as well as the net uptake flux of trace elements in plants are determined at the end of the second step of the biotest proc
48、edure.This biotest is applicable to the assessment of environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants, more particularly to agricultural plants, in soils or soil materials under oxic conditions, considering that three plant species (cabbage, Brassica oleracea; tall fescue, Festuca arundina
49、cea; tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum; 7.1) are suggested in the standardized biotest procedure, but additional target-plant species can also be used (see 7.1, Annex A), and the standardized biotest procedure is validated for a range of trace elements including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), but additional trace elements can also be accou
