1、July 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 19.
2、100!%2b“2159763www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 16823Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique (ISO 16823:2012);English version EN ISO 16823:2014,English translation of DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07Zerstrungsfreie Prfung Ultraschallprfung Durchschallungstechnik (ISO 16823:2012);Englische Fas
3、sung EN ISO 16823:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07Essais non destructifs Contrle par ultrasons Technique par transmission (ISO 16823:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 16823:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07SupersedesDIN EN 583-3:1997-06www.beuth.deIn case of doub
4、t, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 13 pages06.14 DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword The text of ISO 16823:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” and has been
5、 taken over as EN ISO 16823:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-08-23 AA Ultrasc
6、hallprfung. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 583-3:1997-06 as follows: a) ISO 16823 (based on EN 583-3) has been adopted in full; b) normative references have been updated; c) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN 583-3: 1997-06 EN ISO 16823March 2014 ICS 19
7、.100 Supersedes EN 583-3:1997English Version Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Transmission technique (ISO 16823:2012) Essais non destructifs - Contrle par ultrasons - Technique par transmission (ISO 16823:2012) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Ultraschallprfung - Durchschallungstechnik (ISO 16
8、823:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliogra
9、phical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibil
10、ity of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic
11、of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2
12、014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16823:2014 EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMContents Page Fore
13、word . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references. 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Principles of the examination . 5 4.1 Basic techniques and set-up 5 4.2 Capability of detection of imperfections 6 4.3 Requirements for geometry and access 8 4.4 Effects of variations in coupling, angulation
14、and alignment of probe . 8 5 Examination technique 8 5.1 General 8 5.2 Sensitivity setting . 8 5.3 Scanning . 8 5.4 Evaluation of imperfections 8 5.5 Determination of attenuation coefficient . 9 2DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07EN ISO 16823:2014 (E) ForewordThe text of ISO 16823:2012 has been prepared by Te
15、chnical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16823:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given
16、 the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document m
17、ay be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 583-3:1997. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to
18、implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rom
19、ania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16823:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16823:2014 without any modification. 3DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07EN ISO 16823:2014 (E)Introduction This International Standard is based o
20、n EN 583-3:1997, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 3: Transmission technique. The following International Standards are linked. ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setti
21、ng ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizing of discontinuities ISO
22、16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities 4DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07EN ISO 16823:2014 (E) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the principles of transmission techniques. Transmission techniqu
23、es can be used for: detection of imperfections; determination of attenuation. The general principles required for the use of ultrasonic examination of industrial products are described inISO 16810. The transmission technique is used for examination of flat products, e.g. plates and sheets. Further,
24、it is used for examinations e.g.: where the shape, dimensions or orientation of possible imperfections are unfavourable for direct reflection; in materials with high attenuation; in thin products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
25、 document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic inspection Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the
26、 terms and definitions given in ISO 5577 and EN 1330-4 apply. 4 Principles of the examination 4.1 Basic techniques and set-up In its simplest application two probes, one emitting and the second receiving, are placed so that the receiving probe receives the sound transmitted through the object. This
27、can be achieved with straight beam probes or angle beam probes, see Table 2, e) to h). EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing 5DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07EN ISO 16823:2014 (E)Alternatively, the examination can be carried out using a single probe where th
28、e sound is reflected on a surface of an object on the opposite side of the examination object or on the opposite surface of the examination object (back wall), see Table 2, a) to d). See also Table 1. Table 1 Techniques and typical set-ups used in transmission technique wave mode continuous waves pu
29、lsed waves wave type longitudinal or transverse longitudinal or transverse number of transducers 2 1 or 2 angle of incidence normal normal or oblique evalution of amplitude of transmitted sound amplitude or time of flight of trans-mitted pulse or echo The decrease in amplitude of the transmitted sig
30、nal can be used to indicate the presence of a discontinuity located in the sound path, or to indicate material attenuation. In addition, the position of the transmitted signal along the timebase of the instrument can be used to indicate material thickness. Examination can be carried out with either
31、continuous or pulsed ultrasonic waves, except when the technique is used for thickness measurement where only pulsed ultrasonic waves apply. Straight beam or angle beam probes can be used depending on the scope of the examination. A probe can be coupled to the product by means of a couplant, a squir
32、ter, by immersing the product or by applying a wheel probe. 6DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07EN ISO 16823:2014 (E) Table 2 Possible configurations for transmission technique One probe Two probes Straight beam contact a) e) Angle beam contact b)f)Total immersion c) g) Local immersion (squirter) d)h) 4.2 Capa
33、bility of detection of imperfections When used for the detection of imperfections, any imperfection (or group of imperfections) shall intercept a significant proportion (i.e. 25 % to 50 %) of the cross-sectional area of the ultrasonic beam before an unambiguous change in signal amplitude is observed
34、. This technique can only be used for detecting imperfections or groups of imperfections which are relatively large compared to the ultrasonic beam area, e.g. laminations in plate material. Within the limitations mentioned above, the technique provides positive proof of the absence of an imperfectio
35、n at any position along the sound path. However, it does not indicate the position in depth of a detected imperfection. Key 1 probe 2 object 3 water 7DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07EN ISO 16823:2014 (E)4.3 Requirements for geometry and access The technique requires that the geometry of the object under exa
36、mination and access to its surfaces allow the transmitting and receiving probes to be so positioned that their beam axes are coincident, either with or without intermediate reflection from a surface of the object. 4.4 Effects of variations in coupling, angulation and alignment of probe The technique
37、 is particularly sensitive to variations in probe coupling and misangulation due to surface irregularities, since these factors also cause a marked reduction in transmitted signal amplitude. To improve the uniformity of coupling immersion or squirter scanning is most frequently used. Dressing of the
38、 surface to improve coupling uniformity can be necessary, especially for contact scanning. When using separate transmitting and receiving probes and/or a reflecting object on the opposite side of the object to be examined their positions in relation to each other are also critical, and wherever poss
39、ible they should be maintained in alignment by permanent orientation. 5 Examination technique 5.1 General The technique described under this clause refers to the detection of imperfections, and where applicable their size determination, and to the measurement of sound attenuation in the material. 5.
40、2 Sensitivity setting The test sensitivity shall be set on either a reference block of the same relevant dimensions, surface finish and similar ultrasonic properties as the object to be examined or on an area of the latter known to be free from imperfections and of known or previously determined att
41、enuation in accordance with 5.5. The probes shall be maintained in alignment in ultrasonic contact with the block or object and the gain adjusted to set the transmitted signal to a specified level. For manual examination a level of 80 % full screen height is recommen-ded. 5.3 Scanning Scanning shall
42、 be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the applicable test procedure, at all times keeping the probes in correct alignment to each other and to the object under examination. 5.4 Evaluation of imperfections The evaluation of imperfections shall be done in accordance with the relevant
43、International Standard. For imperfections whose transmitted signal amplitude during scanning is reduced to below the evaluation level, the evaluation criteria and requirements can be summarized as follows: a) confirm that the reduction in signal amplitude is not due to loss of coupling or to a norma
44、l geometrical feature of the object; b) measure the maximum reduction in transmitted signal amplitude. When the zone causing the signal reduction to fall below the evaluation level is smaller than the beam width, it is possible to relate the reduction in amplitude to the area of an imperfection, per
45、pendicular to the ultrasonic beam, placed at a given depth; c) determine as accurately as possible the volume of the object through which the ultrasonic beam is being attenuated; d) determine if an imperfection is continuous or intermittent; 8DIN EN ISO 16823:2014-07EN ISO 16823:2014 (E) e) if eithe
46、r a complete or a partial loss of the transmitted signal amplitude is observed, due to a single large imperfection, the extent of the imperfection may be plotted by noting those positions of the sound beam at which the transmitted signal amplitude has fallen by a given value (most frequently 6 dB) b
47、elow its value in a zone of the object free of imperfections. 5.5 Determination of attenuation coefficient 5.5.1 General The energy loss, usually called attenuation, is normally expressed as an attenuation coefficient determined in dB per metre of sound path in the examination object. The value depe
48、nds on the type of wave, i.e. longitudinal, transverse and on the ultrasonic frequency etc Two techniques for determining the attenuation coefficient are described in the 5.5.2 and 5.5.3. 5.5.2 Comparative technique using a reference block This technique is based on determining the difference in amp
49、litude between 2 echoes. The first echo is that transmitted through a sample of material whose attenuation coefficient, 1, is to be determined. The second echo is that transmitted through a sample whose attenuation coefficient, 2, is known. It is important to use the same determination conditions: ultrasonic probes, equipment and settings for each amplitude determination and coupling medium, and the samples shall be of the same thickne
