1、June 2014 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 1
2、9.100!%2c6“2156419www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 16828Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizingof discontinuities (ISO 16828:2012);English version EN ISO 16828:2014,English translation of DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06Zerstrungsfreie Prfung
3、 Ultraschallprfung Beugungslaufzeittechnik, eine Technik zum Auffinden und Ausmessen vonInhomogenitten (ISO 16828:2012);Englische Fassung EN ISO 16828:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06Essais non destructifs Contrle par ultrasons Technique de diffraction du temps de vol utilise c
4、omme mthode de dtection et dedimensionnement des discontinuits (ISO 16828:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 16828:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06SupersedesDIN EN 583-6:2009-03www.beuth.deDocument comprises 26 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered au
5、thoritative.06.14 DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword The text of ISO 16828:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” and has been taken over as EN ISO 16828:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructi
6、ve testing” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-08-23 AA Ultraschallprfung. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referr
7、ed to in this document are as follows: ISO 9712 DIN EN ISO 9712 ISO 10863 DIN EN ISO 10863 ISO 15626 DIN EN ISO 15626 ISO 16810 DIN EN ISO 16810 ISO 16811 DIN EN ISO 16811 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 583-6:2009-03 as follows: a) ISO 16828:2012 (based on EN 583-6:2008) has been adopt
8、ed in full; b) normative references have been updated; c) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN V ENV 583-6: 2000-03 DIN EN 583-6: 2009-03 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
9、 DIN EN ISO 10863, Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Use of time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD) DIN EN ISO 15626, Non-destructive testing of welds Time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD) Acceptance levels DIN EN ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Gene
10、ral principles DIN EN ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16828 March 2014 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 583-6:2008 English Version Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffractio
11、n technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities (ISO 16828:2012) Essais non destructifs Contrle par ultrasons Technique de diffraction du temps de vol utilise comme mthode de dtection et de dimensionnement des discontinuits (ISO 16828:2012) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung Ultraschallprfun
12、g Beugungslaufzeittechnik, eine Technik zum Auffinden und Ausmessen von Inhomogenitten (ISO 16828:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Sta
13、ndard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (Engli
14、sh, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, B
15、ulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
16、 Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membe
17、rs. Ref. No. EN ISO 16828:2014 E Contents Page Introduction 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations. 7 3.1 Terms and definitions . 7 3.2 Abbreviations. 7 3.3 Symbols 7 4 General . 8 4.1 Principle of the technique. 8 4.2 Requirements for surface condition an
18、d couplant 10 4.3 Materials and process type 10 5 Qualification of personnel 10 6 Equipment requirements 10 6.1 Ultrasonic equipment and display.10 6.2 Ultrasonic probes 11 6.3 Scanning mechanisms12 7 Equipment set-up procedures .12 7.1 General .12 7.2 Probe choice and probe separation 13 7.2.1 Prob
19、e selection13 7.2.2 Probe separation .14 7.3 Time window setting .14 7.4 Sensitivity setting14 7.5 Scan resolution setting.15 7.6 Setting of scanning speed15 7.7 Checking system performance 15 8 Interpretation and analysis of data15 8.1 Basic analysis of discontinuities.15 8.1.1 General .15 8.1.2 Ch
20、aracterisation of discontinuities .15 8.1.3 Estimation of discontinuity position .16 8.1.4 Estimation of discontinuity length 16 8.1.5 Estimation of discontinuity depth and height 17 8.2 Detailed analysis of discontinuities 17 8.2.1 General .17 8.2.2 Additional scans18 8.2.3 Additional algorithms19
21、9 Detection and sizing in complex geometries .19 10 Limitations of the technique.19 10.1 General .19 10.2 Accuracy and resolution.20 10.2.1 General .20 10.2.2 Errors in the lateral position 20 10.2.3 Timing errors .20 10.2.4 Errors in sound velocity .20 10.2.5 Errors in probe centre separation .20 1
22、0.2.6 Spatial resolution 21 10.3 Dead zones.21 Foreword . 4 DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06 EN ISO 16828:2014 (E) 2511 TOFD examination without data recording .21 12 Test procedure.22 13 Test report 22 Annex A (normative) Reference blocks 23 Bibliography 24 DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06 EN ISO 16828:2014 (E) 3P
23、ageForeword The text of ISO 16828:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16828:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of
24、 which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn t
25、o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 583-6:2008. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national st
26、andards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
27、 Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16828:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16828:2014 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06 EN ISO 168
28、28:2014 (E) 4Introduction This International Standard is based on EN 583-6:2008, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 6: Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities. The following International Standards are linked. ISO 16810, Non-destr
29、uctive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Examination for discontinuities
30、perpendicular to the surface ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizing of discontinuities ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-0
31、6 EN ISO 16828:2014 (E) 52 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. I
32、SO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic WHVWLQJ General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic WHVWLQJ Sensitivity and range setting EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing Charac
33、terization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 1: Instruments EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 2: Probes 1 Scope This International Standard defines the general principles for the application of the t
34、ime-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique for both detection and sizing of discontinuities in low alloyed carbon steel components. It can also be used for other types of materials, provided the application of the TOFD technique is performed with necessary consideration of geometry, acoustical prope
35、rties of the materials, and the sensitivity of the examination. Although it is applicable, in general terms, to discontinuities in materials and applications covered by ISO 16810, it contains references to the application on welds. This approach has been chosen for reasons of clarity as to the ultra
36、sonic probe positions and directions of scanning. Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents, the minimum requirements of this International Standard are applicable. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, this International Standard is applicable to the following product classes as defined
37、 in ISO 16811: class 1, without restrictions; classes 2 and 3, specified restrictions apply. NOTE 1 See Clause 9. The inspection of products of classes 4 and 5 requires special procedures, which are also addressed. NOTE 2 See Clause 9. NOTE 3 Techniques for the use of TOFD for weld inspection are de
38、scribed in ISO 10863. NOTE 4 The related acceptance criteria are given in ISO 15626. DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06 EN ISO 16828:2014 (E) 6EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 3: Combined equipment 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and
39、abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 scanning surface dead zone zone where indications may be obscured due to the interface echo (lateral wave) 3.1.2 back wall dead zone dead zone where signals may be obscured by
40、the presence of the back wall echo 3.1.3 A-scan display of the ultrasonic signal amplitude as a function of time 3.1.4 B-scan display of the time-of-flight of the ultrasonic signal as a function of probe displacement 3.1.5 non-parallel scan scan perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam direction (see Fi
41、gure 4) 3.1.6 parallel scan scan parallel to the ultrasonic beam direction (see Figure 5) 3.2 Abbreviations TOFD: time-of-flight diffraction 3.3 Symbols Figure 1 Coordinate definition DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06 EN ISO 16828:2014 (E) 7x coordinate parallel to the scanning surface and parallel to a pred
42、etermined reference line. In case of weld inspection this reference line should coincide with the weld. The origin of the axes may be defined as best suits the specimen under examination (see Figure 1); x discontinuity length; y coordinate parallel to the scanning surface, perpendicular to the prede
43、termined reference line (see Figure 1); y error in lateral position; z coordinate perpendicular to the scanning surface (see Figure 1); z discontinuity height; d depth of a discontinuity tip below the scanning surface; d error in depth; Ddsscanning-surface dead zone; Ddwback wall dead zone; c sound
44、velocity; c error in sound velocity; R spatial resolution; t time-of-flight from the transmitter to the receiver; t time-of-flight difference between the lateral wave and a second ultrasonic signal; t error in time-of-flight; tdtime-of-flight at depth d; tpduration of the ultrasonic pulse measured a
45、t 10 % of the peak amplitude; twtime-of-flight of the back wall echo; s half the distance between the index points of two ultrasonic probes; s error in half the probe separation; W wall thickness. 4 General 4.1 Principle of the technique The TOFD technique relies on the interaction of ultrasonic wav
46、es with the tips of discontinuities. This interaction results in the emission of diffracted waves over a large angular range. Detection of the diffracted waves makes it possible to establish the presence of the discontinuity. The time-of-flight of the recorded signals is a measure for the height of
47、the discontinuity, thus enabling sizing of the defect. The dimension of DIN EN ISO 16828:2014-06 EN ISO 16828:2014 (E) 8the discontinuity is always determined from the time-of-flight of the diffracted signals. The signal amplitude is not used in size estimation. Key 1 transmitter d discontinuity 2 r
48、eceiver e lower tip a lateral wave f back wall echo b upper tip Figure 2 Basic TOFD configuration The basic configuration for the TOFD technique consists of a separate ultrasonic transmitter and receiver (see Figure 2). Wide-angle beam compression wave probes are normally used since the diffraction of ultrasonic waves is only weakly dependent on the orientation of the discontinuity tip. This enables the inspection
