1、November 2015 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.060!%GNK“2364340www.din.deDI
2、N EN ISO 16903Petroleum and natural gas industries Characteristics of LNG, influencing the design and material selection (ISO 16903:2015);English version EN ISO 16903:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie Eigenschaften von Flssigerdgas mit Einfluss auf die Aus
3、legung und die Materialauswahl (ISO 16903:2015);Englische Fassung EN ISO 16903:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11Ptrole et industries du gaz naturel Caractristiques du GNL influant sur la conception et le choix des matriaux (ISO 16903:2015);Version anglaise EN ISO 16903:2015,Trad
4、uction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11SupersedesDIN EN 1160:1996-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises 18 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.11.15 DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. N
5、ational foreword This standard includes safety requirements in Clause 6. This document (EN ISO 16903:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Petroleum and natural gas industries” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 282 “Installation and equipment for LNG” (Secretariat:
6、 AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Gastechnik (DIN Standards Committee Gas Technology), Working Committee NA 032-02-10 AA Anlagen und Ausrstung fr Flssigerdgas. This standard deals with the physical and chemical properties of liquefied na
7、tural gas (LNG) and the resulting consequences for LNG facilities and containers, as well as for the handling of LNG. In Germany, the technical rule DVGW-Arbeitsblatt G 260 applies to the feeding of LNG, after evaporation, into the public gas supply. This standard has been included in the body of te
8、chnical rules and standards for gas issued by the DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches e. V. (German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 1160:1996-08 as follows: a) Clause 3 “Terms and definitions” has been revised; b) Subc
9、lause 5.2.4 “Viscocity” has been added; c) the previous Subclauses 5.3 to 5.7 have been combined into Subclause 5.3; d) the first three paragraphs of Subclause 5.3.4 have been reformulated; e) the order of Clauses 6 and 7 has been reversed; f) Subclause 6.5 “Colour” has been added; g) the previous A
10、nnex A has been renamed the “Bibliography”; h) the previous Annex B has been deleted. Previous editions DIN EN 1160: 1996-08 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16903 June 2015 ICS 75.180.01 Supersedes EN 1160:1996English Version Petroleum and natural gas industries - Characteri
11、stics of LNG, influencing the design, and material selection (ISO 16903:2015) Ptrole et industries du gaz naturel - Caractristiques du GNL influant sur la conception et le choix des matriaux (ISO 16903:2015) Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie - Eigenschaften von Flssigerdgas mit Einfluss auf die Auslegung un
12、d die Materialauswahl (ISO 16903:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 April 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-
13、to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by transl
14、ation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland
15、, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
16、COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16903:2015 EEN ISO 16903:2015 (E) Contents Page
17、 European foreword 31 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Abbreviated terms . 5 5 General characteristics of LNG . 5 5.1 General 5 5.2 Properties of LNG . 5 5.2.1 Composition . 5 5.2.2 Density . 5 5.2.3 Temperature 6 5.2.4 Viscosity 6 5.2.5 Examples of LNG . 6 5.3 Physic
18、al properties 6 5.3.1 Physical properties of boil-off gas 6 5.3.2 Flash . 7 5.3.3 Spillage of LNG . 7 5.3.4 Expansion and dispersion of gas clouds . 7 5.3.5 Ignition 8 5.3.6 Pool fires . 8 5.3.7 Development and consequences of pressure waves . 8 5.3.8 Containment 8 5.3.9 Rollover . 8 5.3.10 RPT 9 5.
19、3.11 BLEVE . 9 6 Health and safety 9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Exposure to cold . 10 6.2.1 Warning notice 10 6.2.2 Handling, cold contact burns 10 6.2.3 Frostbite 10 6.2.4 Effect of cold on the lungs 10 6.2.5 Hypothermia 10 6.2.6 Recommended protective clothing. 10 6.3 Exposure to gas . 10 6.3.1 Toxicity 10
20、 6.3.2 Asphyxia 10 6.4 Fire precautions and protection 11 6.5 Colour . 11 6.6 Odour . 11 7 Materials of construction . 11 7.1 Materials used in the LNG industry 11 7.1.1 General 11 7.1.2 Materials in direct contact 11 7.1.3 Materials not in direct contact under normal operation 12 7.1.4 Other inform
21、ation 12 7.2 Thermal stresses 13 Bibliography . 14 2 DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11 EN ISO 16903:2015 (E) European foreword This document (EN ISO 16903:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas indust
22、ries“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 282 “Installation and equipment for LNG” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December
23、2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent ri
24、ghts. This document supersedes EN 1160:1996. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Forme
25、r Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16903:2
26、015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16903:2015 without any modification. 3 DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11 1 ScopeThis International Standard gives guidance on the characteristics of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the cryogenic materials used in the LNG industry. It also gives guidance on health and sa
27、fety matters. It is intended to act as a reference document for the implementation of other standards in the liquefied natural gas field. It is intended as a reference for use by persons who design or operate LNG facilities.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are norm
28、atively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appliesEN 1473, Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas D
29、esign of onshore installationsNFPA 59A, Standard for the production, storage, and handling of liquefied natural gas (LNG)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1boil-off gasgas generated during the storage or handling of volatile liquefi
30、ed gases3.2condensatehydrocarbon liquid that forms by condensation from natural gas, consisting primarily of pentanes (C5H12) and heavier componentsNote 1 to entry: There will be some propane and butane dissolved within the mixture.3.3liquefied natural gasLNGcolourless and odourless cryogenic fluid
31、in the liquid state at normal pressure composed predominantly of methane which can contain minor quantities of ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, or other components normally found in natural gas3.4liquefied petroleum gasLPGgaseous hydrocarbons at normal temperatures and pressures, but that readily
32、turns into liquids under moderate pressure at normal temperatures, e.g. propane and butane3.5natural gas liquidsNGLliquid hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and natural gasoline, extracted from field natural gasEN ISO 16903:2015 (E) 4 DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11 4 Abbreviated terms
33、For the purposes of this International Standard, the following abbreviations apply.BLEVE boiling liquid expanding vapour explosionLPG liquid petroleum gasQRA quantitative risk analysisRPT rapid phase transitionSEP surface emissive power5 General characteristics of LNG5.1 GeneralIt is recommended tha
34、t all personnel concerned with the handling of LNG should be familiar with both the characteristics of the liquid and the gas produced.The potential hazard in handling LNG stems mainly from three important properties.a) It is extremely cold. At atmospheric pressure, depending upon composition, LNG b
35、oils at about 160 C. At this temperature, the vapour is denser than ambient air.b) Very small quantities of liquid are converted into large volumes of gas. One volume of LNG produces approximately 600 volumes of gas.c) Natural gas, similar to other gaseous hydrocarbons, is flammable. At ambient cond
36、itions, the flammable mixture range with air is from approximately 5 % to 15 % gas by volume. If vapour accumulates in a confined space, ignition can result in detonation and shock wave overpressure.This International Standard focuses on LNG, its properties, and resultant hazards. When evaluating th
37、e hazards at an LNG site, designers need to consider all systems present. Often, the LNG itself does not present the greatest hazard; other systems such as LPG-based refrigeration at the liquefaction plant or high pressure gas send out at a regasification plant can dominate the overall site risk pro
38、file.5.2 Properties of LNG5.2.1 CompositionLNG is a mixture of hydrocarbons composed predominantly of methane and which can contain minor quantities of ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, or other components, normally found in natural gas. The physical and thermodynamic properties of methane and othe
39、r components of natural gas can be found in reference books (see Annex A) and thermodynamic calculation codes. Although the major constituent of LNG is methane, it should not be assumed that LNG is pure methane for the purpose of estimating its behaviour. When analysing the composition of LNG, speci
40、al care should be taken to obtain representative samples not causing false analysis results due to distillation effects. The most common method is to analyse a small stream of continuously evaporated product using a specific LNG sampling device that is designed to provide a representative gas sample
41、 of liquid without fractionation. Another method is to take a sample from the outlet of the main product vaporizers. This sample can then be analysed by normal gas chromatographic methods, such as those described in ISO 6568 or ISO 6974.5.2.2 DensityThe density of LNG depends on the composition and
42、usually ranges from 420 kg/m3to 470 kg/m3, but in some cases can be as high as 520 kg/m3. Density is also a function of the liquid temperature with a gradient EN ISO 16903:2015 (E) 5 DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11 of about 1,4 kg/m3/K. Density can be measured directly but is generally calculated from comp
43、osition determined by gas chromatographic analysis. The method as defined in ISO 6578 is recommended.NOTE This method is generally known as revised Klosek-McKinley method.5.2.3 TemperatureLNG has a boiling temperature depending on composition and usually ranging from 166 C to 157 C at atmospheric pr
44、essure. The variation of the boiling temperature with the vapour pressure is about 1,25 104C/Pa. The temperature of LNG is commonly measured by using copper/copper nickel thermocouples or using platinum resistance thermometers such as those defined in ISO 8310.5.2.4 ViscosityThe viscosity of LNG dep
45、ends on the composition and is usually from 1,0 104to 2,0 104Pat 160 C, which is nearly 1/10 to 1/5 of the water. Viscosity is also a function of the liquid temperature.5.2.5 Examples of LNGThree typical examples of LNG are shown in Table 1 below which demonstrates the property variations with diffe
46、rent compositions1).Table 1 Examples of LNGProperties at boiling temperature at normal pressureLNG Example 1 LNG Example 2 LNG Example 3Molar content (%) N20,13 1,79 0,36CH499,8 93,9 87, 20C2H60,07 3,26 8,61C3H8 0,69 2,74i C4H10 0,12 0,42n C4H10 0,15 0,65C5H12 0,09 0,02Molecular weight (kg/kmol) 16,
47、07 17,07 18,52Boiling temperature (C) 161,9 166,5 161,3Density (kg/m3) 422 448,8 468,7Volume of gas measured at 0 C and 101 325 Pa/volume of liquid (m3/m3)588 590 568Volume of gas measured at 0 C and 101 325 Pa/mass of liquid (m3/103kg)1 392 1 314 1 211Mass heat of vaporization (kJ/kg) 525,6 679,5 6
48、75,5Gross heating value (MJ/m3) 37,75 38,76 42,595.3 Physical properties5.3.1 Physical properties of boil-off gasLNG is stored in bulk as a boiling liquid in large, thermally insulated tanks. Any heat leak into the tank causes some of the liquid to evaporate as a gas. This gas is known as boil-off g
49、as. The composition of the boil-off gas depends on the composition of the liquid. As an example, the boil-off gas could contain 20 % 1) Values are given from simulations.EN ISO 16903:2015 (E) 6 DIN EN ISO 16903:2015-11 nitrogen, 80 % methane, and traces of ethane; the nitrogen content of the boil-off gas could be about 20 times that in the LNG.As LNG evaporates, the nitrogen and methane are preferentially lost leaving the liquid with a larger fraction
