1、December 2016 English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.160.40!%“2595797www.din.deDI
2、N EN ISO 16994Solid biofuels Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine (ISO 16994:2016);English version EN ISO 16994:2016,English translation of DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12Biogene Festbrennstoffe Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Schwefel und Chlor (ISO 16994:2016);Englische Fassung EN ISO 1
3、6994:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12Biocombustibles solides Dtermination de la teneur totale en soufre et en chlore (ISO 16994:2016);Version anglaise EN ISO 16994:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12SupersedesDIN EN ISO 16994:201507www.beuth.deDocument comprise
4、s 20 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.12.16 DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 16994:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23
5、8 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Biogene F
6、estbrennstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 ISO 10304-1 DIN EN ISO 10304-1 ISO 11885 DIN EN ISO 11885 ISO 14780 E DIN EN ISO 14780 ISO 16559 DIN EN ISO 16559 ISO 16967:2015 DIN EN ISO 16967:2015
7、-07 ISO 16993 DIN EN ISO 16993 ISO 16995 DIN EN ISO 16995 ISO 17225-1:2014 DIN EN ISO 17225-1:2014-09 ISO 18125 E DIN EN ISO 18125 ISO 18134-3 DIN EN ISO 18134-3 ISO 21748 DIN ISO 21748 NOTE Some of these ISO Standards are still in preparation and the final versions have not yet been published. Plea
8、se note that the title of the final version of this document might be different from that of the draft version. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 16994:2015-07 as follows: a) references to ISO Standards have been updated in the Introduction; b) titles of standards have been corrected
9、in Clause 2 “Normative references”; c) in 9.3 of the German version, the use of the term “Sulfat” has been replaced by the correct term “Schwefel”; d) in 9.3, the factor equivalent to the stoichiometric ratio of the relative molar masses of sulfur and sulfate has been corrected; e) the Bibliography
10、has been updated; f) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15289: 2006-07 DIN EN 15289: 2011-04 DIN EN ISO 16994: 2015-07 DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 10304-1, Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by l
11、iquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate DIN EN ISO 11885, Water quality Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) DIN EN ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Termino
12、logy, definitions and description DIN EN ISO 16967:2015-07, Solid biofuels Determination of major elements Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na and Ti (ISO 16967:2015) DIN EN ISO 16993, Solid biofuels Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another DIN EN ISO 16995, Solid biofuels Determination o
13、f the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content DIN EN ISO 17225-1:2014-09, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements (ISO 17225-1:2014) DIN EN ISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analy
14、sis sample DIN ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method DIN ISO 21748, Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness estimate
15、s in measurement uncertainty estimation E DIN EN ISO 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation1)E DIN EN ISO 18125, Solid biofuels Determination of calorific value1)1)In preparation. DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 1
16、6994 August 2016 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN ISO 16994:2015English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine (ISO 16994:2016) Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la teneur totale en soufre et en chlore (ISO 16994:2016) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Best
17、immung des Gesamtgehaltes an Schwefel und Chlor(ISO16994:2016)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 July 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard witho
18、ut any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other l
19、anguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den
20、mark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE
21、 FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16994:2016 EForeword .4Int
22、roduction . 51 Scope . 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions . 64 Principle 74.1 General . 74.2 Decomposition of the biofuel . 74.3 Determination of sulfate and chloride in the decomposition solution . 74.4 Automatic equipment 75 Reagents 86 Apparatus . 86.1 General . 86.2 Method A 86.3 M
23、ethod B 97 Preparation of the test sample . 98 Procedure. 98.1 Decomposition 98.1.1 Method A: Combustion in a closed combustion vessel . 98.1.2 Method B: Digestion in a closed vessel 108.1.3 Blank test .118.2 Detection methods 118.2.1 Ion chromatography 118.2.2 Other detection methods .118.3 Calibra
24、tion of the apparatus .118.4 Analyses of the decomposition solutions 119 Expression of results .129.1 General 129.2 Total chlorine .129.3 Total sulfur .1210 Performance characteristics .1211 Test report 13Annex A (informative) Performance data 14Bibliography .16Contents PageEN ISO 16994:2016 (E) DIN
25、 EN ISO 16994:2016-12 2European foreword . 3European foreword This document (EN ISO 16994:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard sha
26、ll be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this d
27、ocument may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 16994:2015. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries
28、are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
29、Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16994:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16994:2016 without any modification. ”“EN ISO 16994:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12 3 ForewordISO (the International Or
30、ganization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establ
31、ished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizati
32、on.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with
33、the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any pat
34、ent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For
35、an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for t
36、his document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16994:2015), of which it constitutes a minor revision.EN ISO 16994:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12 4 IntroductionSulfur and chlorine are present in solid biofuels in varying concentrations. D
37、uring the combustion process, they are usually converted to sulfur-oxides and chlorides. The presence of these elements and their reaction products can contribute significantly to corrosion and to environmentally harmful emissions.Chlorine can be present in different organic and inorganic compounds
38、and is to exceed or equal the water soluble amount that can be determined by ISO 16995.Combustion in an oxygen atmosphere in a closed combustion vessel is the preferred method to digest biomass samples for a determination of the total content of sulfur and chlorine. An advantage of the method is tha
39、t the digestion can be carried out in connection with the determination of the calorific value according to ISO 181251). Decomposition in closed vessels is an appropriate alternative method. Other analytical techniques (e.g. high-temperature combustion in a tube furnace and Eschka method) may also b
40、e used. The determination of the resultant chlorine and sulfur compounds can be done by different techniques, e.g. ion chromatography, ICP, titrimetry.Automatic equipment and alternative methods may be used when these methods are validated with biomass reference samples of an adequate type and also
41、meet the requirements of Clause 10.A list with typical sulfur and chlorine contents of solid biofuels can be found in ISO 17225-1:2014, Annex B.1) To be published.EN ISO 16994:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12 5 1 ScopeThis International Standard describes methods for the determination of the total
42、sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. This International Standard specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in this Inte
43、rnational Standard, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in this International Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this docum
44、ent and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 10304-1, Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions
45、Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfateISO 11885, Water quality Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)ISO 147802), Solid biofuels Sample preparationISO 16559, Solid biofuels Termin
46、ology, definitions and descriptionsISO 16967:2015, Solid biofuels Determination of major elements Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na and TiISO 181252), Solid biofuels Determination of calorific valueISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general a
47、nalysis sampleCEN Guide 13:2008, Validation of environmental test methods3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.3.1reference materialRMmaterial or substance one or more of whose property values are sufficiently h
48、omogeneous and well-established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement method, or for assigning values to materials2) To be published.EN ISO 16994:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 16994:2016-12 6 3.2certified reference materialCRMreference material, accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose property values are certified by a procedure which establishes traceability to an accurate re
