1、December 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 59.140.30!$xNN“1854343www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 17071Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of fogging characteristics (ISO 17071:2006)English translation of DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12Leder Physikalische und mechanische Prfungen Bestimmung der Fogging-Eigenschaften (ISO 17071:2006)Englisch
3、e bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12Cuir Essais physiques et mcaniques Dtermination des caractristiques de condensation (ISO 17071:2006)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12SupersedesDIN EN 14288:2004-03www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered aut
4、horitative.Document comprises pages11.1118DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy) in collaboration with IULTCS, the International Union of Leather Technolog
5、ists and Chemists Societies. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-51 AA Anforderungen und Physikalische Prfverfahren fr Leder und seine Ausgangsprodukte. The DIN Standards c
6、orresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 2418 DIN EN ISO 2418 ISO 2419 DIN EN ISO 2419 ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14288:2004-03 as follows: a) the number of the standard has been changed. Previous editions DI
7、N EN 14288: 2004-03 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location DIN EN ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning DIN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory us
8、e Specification and test methods 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17071 September 2011 ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes EN 14288:2003English Version Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of fogging characteristics (ISO 17071:2006) Cuir - Essais physiques et mcaniq
9、ues - Dtermination des caractristiques de condensation (ISO 17071:2006) Leder - Physikalische und mechanische Prfungen - Bestimmung der Fogging-Eigenschaften (ISO 17071:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
10、gulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN me
11、mber. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
12、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveni
13、a, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17071:2011: EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NO
14、RMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Contents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Method A Reflectometric method. 4 3.1 Principle. 4 3.2 Apparatus 5 3.3 Sampling and sample preparation 7 3.4 Cleaning. 7 3.5 Procedure 8 3.6 Reference test . 8 3.7 Expression of results . 9
15、4 Method B Gravimetric method 9 4.1 Principle. 9 4.2 Apparatus 9 4.3 Sampling and sample preparation 11 4.4 Cleaning. 11 4.5 Procedure 11 4.6 Reference test . 12 4.7 Expression of results . 12 5 Test report . 13 Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory comparison of Method A (reflectometric) and Method
16、 B (gravimetric) 14 Annex B (informative) Source of apparatus 1 DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12 EN ISO 17071:2011 (E) 26Foreword The text of ISO 17071:2006 has been prepared by International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies and has been taken over as EN ISO 17071:2011 by Technical Comm
17、ittee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
18、by March 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14288:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC In
19、ternal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux
20、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17071:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 17071:2011 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12 EN ISO 17071:2011 (E
21、) 31 Scope This International Standard specifies two alternative methods for determining the fogging characteristics of leathers used in the passenger compartments of motor vehicles, namely Method A and Method B. These are two different test procedures to measure the volatile components and there is
22、 no mathematical correlation between the results obtained with Method A and those with Method B. Method A determines by reflection the light scattering properties (or opaqueness) and the nature of the film or droplet formation from volatile components condensed on a cold glass surface. Method B meas
23、ures gravimetrically the quantity of volatile components condensed on a cold aluminium foil surface. Annex A gives the results of inter-laboratory trial which show that Method B performs well, whereas Method A showed a large variation in the percentage reflection. The test conditions allow the two t
24、ests to be carried out in succession. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendment
25、s) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods 3 Method A Reflectometric method 3.1 P
26、rinciple A test piece is heated in a glass beaker, any volatile ingredients are condensed onto a cooled glass plate and the reflectometric value of the glass plate with condensed fog is expressed as a percentage of the reflectometric value of the same plate without fogging condensate. The measuremen
27、t by light reflection depends on the nature of the film/droplet formation and needs careful interpretation. An example is that a thick but clear film can give a good test result when, in actual fact, it is a bad result in terms of volatiles. The test should be stopped if a transparent oily film is f
28、ormed on the glass. The reflection measurement result is only valid when an even opaque film (like a fogged windscreen) formed by small droplets is present. (See Annex A.) DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12 EN ISO 17071:2011 (E) 43.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 Beaker, plane bottomed, of heat-resistant glass, with a flat
29、 ground rim at the top without a pouring spout, with an outside diameter of 90 mm g114 2 mm, height 190 mm g114 2 mm. (See Figure 1.) A beaker with a minimum mass of 450 g is needed to prevent floating in the thermostatic bath (3.2.2). Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 ground rim Figure 1 Beaker 3.2.2
30、 Thermostatic bath, capable of operating at a uniform temperature of 100 C g114 1 C and of holding at least three beakers (3.2.1). The dimensions of the bath shall be such that the minimum distance between the beakers and the sides of the bath is 30 mm and the minimum distance between the base of th
31、e beaker and the base of the bath is 75 mm. 3.2.3 Thermal-transfer fluid, stable at 100 C. NOTE Water-soluble materials, such as a modified polyvalent dialiphatic alcohols, are preferred since they are water soluble and present fewer problems in cleaning. DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12 EN ISO 17071:2011 (
32、E) 53.2.4 Cooling system, with water at 21 C g114 1 C circulating through the complete interior of a corrosion-resistant metal plate. The surface used for cooling shall be flat and made from aluminium. The mass of the cooling plate shall be sufficient to suppress the buoyancy of the beaker in the th
33、ermostatic bath. NOTE The mass of the cooling plate filled with water will normally be in excess of 1 kg. 3.2.5 Metal rings, external diameter 80 mm g114 1 mm, internal diameter 74 mm g114 1 mm, height 10 mm g114 1 mm and mass 55 g g114 1 g made from corrosion-protected steel. 3.2.6 Sealing rings, o
34、f silicone-rubber or fluororubber, inner diameter 95 mm g114 1 mm, thickness 4,0 mm g114 0,1 mm and hardness 65 IRHD g114 5 IRHD 1). 3.2.7 Reflectometer, with a 60 incident beam and a 60 measuring beam. 3.2.8 Clock, reading to 1 min. 3.2.9 Desiccator, containing phosphorus pentoxide. CAUTION This pr
35、oduct is corrosive and care should be taken in handling. 3.2.10 Float glass plates, of residential or windshield quality, thickness 3,0 mm g114 0,2 mm and minimum dimensions 110 mm g117 110 mm, with a mark engraved on the upper surface. The plates shall be used a maximum of 10 times. 3.2.11 Spacer m
36、ount, with circular hole made of any suitable material of thickness 0,10 mm g114 0,02 mm, marked to allow positioning of the reflectometer to give four readings 25 mm g114 5 mm from the centre of the plate. NOTE The spacer mount prevents contact between the condensate and the reflectometer. The actu
37、al size and geometry will depend on the dimensions of the reflectometer. 3.2.12 Matt black surface, minimum dimensions 200 mm g117 200 mm. 3.2.13 Di-isodecyl phthalate, DIDP, analytical reagent grade or equivalent. 3.2.14 Dishwasher. 3.2.15 Glass cleaning detergent. 3.2.16 Distilled or deionized wat
38、er, conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696. 3.2.17 Ethyl acetate. 3.2.18 Acetone. 3.2.19 Cotton wool, degreased with ethyl acetate. 3.2.20 Test ink, 1,0 g fuschine dissolved in a mixture of 27,1 ml methanol (analytical reagent grade or equivalent) and 72,9 ml distilled or deionized wa
39、ter. NOTE This solution has a surface tension of 46 mN/m. 3.2.21 Brush, diameter about 8 mm. 1) IRHD = International Rubber Hardness Degrees. DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12 EN ISO 17071:2011 (E) 63.2.22 Press knife, the inner wall of which is a right angled circular cylinder of diameter 80 mm g114 1 mm co
40、nforming to ISO 2419. 3.2.23 Polyethylene gloves, or tweezers or forceps. 3.2.24 Filter paper, qualitative type with nominal diameter 125 mm. 3.3 Sampling and sample preparation 3.3.1 Sample in accordance with ISO 2418. Cut four test pieces by applying the press knife (3.2.22) to the grain surface.
41、Use two test pieces for two test sequences. If the agreement between the first two test pieces is satisfactory, the other two test pieces do not need to be tested. NOTE If there is a requirement for more than two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one sample need be taken from each
42、hide or skin, provided that the overall total is not less than four test pieces. 3.3.2 Dry test pieces by storing in a desiccator (3.2.9) over phosphorus pentoxide for a minimum of two days. If the test piece fails, then dry the test piece for seven days for the repeat test. Wet leather test pieces
43、need to be air dried before being put in the desiccator for conditioning. NOTE Other desiccants, e.g. reusable silica gel, may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. 3.4 Cleaning 3.4.1 Wash beakers (3.2.1), metal rings (3.2.5) and sealing rings (3.2.6) twice manually or in a dishw
44、asher using an appropriate glass cleaning detergent. Rinse with distilled or deionized water at room temperature and dry in an upright position. 3.4.2 Clean float glass plates (3.2.10) either in a dishwasher (3.4.2.1) or manually (3.4.2.2). 3.4.2.1 Wash the plates in a dishwasher at 80 C g114 5 C us
45、ing an appropriate glass cleaning detergent, rinse with distilled or deionized water at room temperature and dry in an upright position. 3.4.2.2 Wash the plates manually using ethyl acetate and cotton wool then rinse the plates with acetone, soaking the plates in acetone for a minimum of 30 min. Dry
46、 the plates in an upright position. 3.4.3 Inspect the glass plates and reject any that are scratched. 3.4.4 Using the brush (3.2.21), apply a thin line of test ink (3.2.20) to an area of the glass plate where there will be no condensation. Observe the line of ink. If the edges contract within 2 s, r
47、epeat the cleaning procedure in 3.4.2.1 or 3.4.2.2. If the edges of the ink line contract after repeated cleaning, discard the glass plate. NOTE If the fluid film contracts, then the adhesion tension of the glass is less than the surface tension of the test ink. 3.4.5 After cleaning, handle beakers
48、only on the outer surface. Handle other cleaned apparatus with tongs or gloves (3.2.23). 3.4.6 Store cleaned apparatus in a dust-free environment at room temperature. DIN EN ISO 17071:2011-12 EN ISO 17071:2011 (E) 73.5 Procedure IMPORTANT Test pieces, cleaned surfaces and everything that goes into t
49、he beaker shall not be touched with bare hands. Wear polyethylene gloves, or use tweezers or forceps (3.2.23). 3.5.1 Pour sufficient thermal transfer fluid (3.2.3) into the thermostatic bath (3.2.2) so that the distance between the level of the fluid and the rim of the beaker is 57 mm g114 3 mm. 3.5.2 Switch on the bath and allow the fluid to equilibrate at 100 C g114 1 C. 3.5.3 Calibrate the reflectometer (3.2.7) according to the manufacturers instructions. 3.5.4 Place the cleaned glass plate on the matt black surface
