1、 DEUTSCHE NORM July 2006DIN EN ISO 17201-4 ICS 17.140.20; 95.020; 97.220.10 Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound (ISO 17201-4:2006) English version of DIN EN ISO 17201-4:2006-07 Akustik Gerusche von Schiepltzen Teil 4: Abschtzung des Geschossgerusches (ISO 1720
2、1-4:2006) Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 17201-4:2006-07 Document comprises 25 pages No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission of DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (D
3、IN-Normen). English price group 12 www.din.de www.beuth.de !,p#“11.06 9770091DIN EN ISO 17201-4:2006-07 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 Acoustics in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 211 Acoustics (Secretariat: Denmark). The responsibl
4、e German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Akustik, Lrmminderung und Schwingungstechnik (Acoustics, Noise Control and Vibration Engineering Standards Committee), Technical Committee NALS A 2 AK 7 Akustik Gerusche von Schiepltzen. The initiative to prepare a standard on impulse
5、 noise from shooting ranges was taken by AFEMS, the Association of European Manufacturers of Sporting Ammunition, in April 1996, by the submission of a formal proposal to CEN. After consultation in CEN in 1998, CEN/TC 211 Acoustics asked ISO/TC 43, Subcommittee SC 1 Noise, to prepare the ISO 17201 s
6、eries of standards. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of the EN are as follows: ISO 9613-2 DIN ISO 9613-2 ISO 17201-1 DIN EN ISO 17201-1 GUM DIN V ENV 13005 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN V ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of u
7、ncertainty in measurement DIN EN ISO 17201-1, Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 1: Determination of muzzle blast by measurement (ISO 17201-1:2005) DIN ISO 9613-2, Acoustics Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors Part 2: General method of calculation (ISO 9613-2:1996) EUROPEAN STAND
8、ARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17201-4 April 2006 ICS 95.020; 17.140.20; 97.220.10 English Version Acoustics - Noise from shooting ranges - Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound (ISO 17201-4:2006) Acoustique - Bruit des stands de tir - Partie 4: Estimation du bruit du projectile (ISO 17
9、201-4:2006) Akustik - Gerusche von Schiepltzen - Teil 4: Bestimmung des Mndungsknalls und Geschoss-gerusches durch Berechnung (ISO 17201-4:2006) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 March 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
10、conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in t
11、hree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
12、Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE
13、FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17201-4:2006: EEN ISO 17201-4:2006 (E)
14、 2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 17201-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 “Acoustics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 211 “Acoustics”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
15、publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to impl
16、ement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Unite
17、d Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17201-4:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17201-4:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 17201-4:2006 (E) 3 Contents Page Foreword .2 Introduction.4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Regions 9 5 Source description10 5.1
18、Source point.10 5.2 Source sound exposure level 10 6 Guidelines for calculating sound exposure levels at receiver locations 12 6.1 Basic equation.12 6.2 Calculation of the attenuation terms.12 7 Uncertainty in source description and propagation16 Annex A (informative) Derivation of constants and con
19、sideration of barrier and other effects 17 Annex B (informative) Guidance on prediction uncertainty.21 Bibliography23 EN ISO 17201-4:2006 (E) 4 Introduction Shooting sound consists in general of three components: muzzle sound, impact sound and projectile sound. This part of ISO 17201 deals solely wi
20、th projectile sound, which only occurs if the projectile moves with supersonic speed. It specifies a method for calculating the source sound exposure level of projectile sound. It also gives guidelines for calculating the propagation of projectile sound as far as it deviates from the propagation of
21、sound from other sources. Projectile sound is described as originating from a certain point on the projectile trajectory, the “source point”. The sound source exposure level is calculated from the geometric properties and the speed of the projectile along the trajectory. As a result of non-linear ef
22、fects, the frequency content of the projectile sound exposure depends on the distance from the source point. This is taken into account. Guidance is given on how the sound exposure level can be calculated from the sound exposure level at the receiver location, taking into account geometrical attenua
23、tion, attenuation due to the non-linear effects, and atmospheric absorption. In addition, the effects on the sound exposure level of the decrease of the projectile speed and of atmospheric turbulence are taken into account. Projectile sound exposure levels are significant compared to the muzzle soun
24、d exposure level in a restricted region, the Mach region (region II see Clause 4). Outside this region only diffracted or scattered projectile sound is received, with considerably lower levels than in the Mach region. Projectile sound behind the Mach region (region I) is negligible compared to muzzl
25、e sound. In this part of ISO 17201, a computational scheme for the levels in regions II and III is provided. In the bibliographical reference 2, measurements and calculations were compared for a set of calibres and distances, i.e. from the source point to the receiver location. For this set, there i
26、s a slight tendency of an overestimation of the projectile sound: on average 1,8 dB, A-weighted. EN ISO 17201-4:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of ISO 17201 provides a computational model for determining the acoustical source level of projectile sound and its one-third-octave-band spectrum, expressed a
27、s the sound exposure level for nominal mid-band frequencies from 12,5 Hz to 10 kHz. It also gives guidance on how to use this source level to calculate the sound exposure level at a receiver position. This part of ISO 17201 is intended for calibres of less than 20 mm, but can also be applied for lar
28、ge calibres. Additionally, the data can be used to compare sound emission from different types of ammunition used with the same weapon. This part of ISO 17201 is meant for weapons used in civil shooting ranges, but is also applicable to military weapons. The computational method can be used as a bas
29、is for environmental noise assessment studies. The prediction method applies to outdoor conditions, straight projectile trajectories, and streamlined projectile shapes. Because of the latter, it cannot be applied to pellets. Default values of parameters used in this part of ISO 17201 are given for a
30、 temperature of 10 C, 80 % relative humidity, and a pressure of 1 013 hPa. Annex A can be used for calculations in other atmospheric conditions. Particularly for calibres (A.5) where d(x) is the cross-section diameter of the projectile; x is the distance from the projectile point along the line of s
31、ymmetry. Using the given formulas, this estimate leads to K = 0,59. A.3 Calculation of f0In the estimation of the source spectrum, a frequency f0is used which is defined by Equation (A.6): 07/4 1/202/4cfrK=(A.6) where r0= 1 m; is the coefficient of non-linearity ( = 1,2); K is a constant depending o
32、n the projectile shape (K = 0,59 for streamlined projectiles see 4, 6 and 7, and also A.2). A.4 Consideration of barrier effects and additional effects A.4.1 General The presented model is described as if projectile sound is stemming from a single point on the trajectory. This description can be use
33、d in most cases. But there are situations where it must be taken into account that the whole trajectory, travelled with a projectile speed exceeding the speed of sound, is radiating energy. Most contributions cancel each other out. Only a distinct section of the trajectory contributes energy to the
34、resulting signal at the receiver. This section is situated approximately symmetrically around the source point. Its length is dependant on the distance to the receiver point, the signal length and the velocity of the projectile. EN ISO 17201-4:2006 (E) 19 A.4.2 Border region of region II When the so
35、urce point is either close to the muzzle or to the target such that the contributing section is not fully on the trajectory anymore, a prediction by the model will overestimate the resulting sound exposure levels by up to 3 dB. Using a Fresnel zone model, the necessary length on the trajectory aroun
36、d the source point can be calculated. Levels begin to decrease significantly when less than half a Fresnel zone is still free. The necessary source length for half a Fresnel zone can be approximated using Equation (A.7): 0,5221cMcTFZrM(A.7) where c is the speed of sound, in metres per second (m/s);
37、M is the Mach number of the projectile at the source point; Tcis the signal length of the impulse Tc= 1/fc, in seconds (s); r is the distance from receiver to the source point, in metres (m). Figure A.1 shows the border region of region II for a typical situation (trajectory length: 100 m; vp0= 750
38、m/s; = 1 s1, Tc= 5104s). Key r distance from the receiver to the source point (m) Y horizontal distance (m) Figure A.1 Border region of region II With very short trajectories and receiver points in great distances, a receiver can be in the border region of the muzzle as well as in that of the target
39、. In these rare cases, the sound exposures are expected to decrease significantly in relation to the calculated values and the model is no longer applicable. EN ISO 17201-4:2006 (E) 20 A.4.3 Barrier effect When the direct path from the source to the receiver point is blocked by a barrier, the result
40、ing sound exposure level is composed of contributions coming from over the barrier and around the sides of the barrier (see Figure A.2). The shielding effect may be approximated using ISO 9613-2, provided that the contribution from the sound coming over the barrier dominates that coming round the si
41、des. To check whether this condition is valid, Equation (A.8) can be used: H120 lg1Dnn+(A.8) where DHis the barrier effect over the barrier, according to ISO 9613-2; n is the number of shielded Fresnel-zones 222(1)clMM cT r l is the shortest distance from the source point to the first unshielded poi
42、nt on the trajectory, either in the shooting or opposite direction, expressed in metres (m); c is the speed of sound, in metres per second (m/s); M is the Mach number of the projectile at the source point; r is the distance from the receiver to the source point, in metres (m). Key 1 source point 2 b
43、arrier 3 receiver point Figure A.2 Shielding effects caused by a barrier An alternative method, which is also defined for cases where the foregoing condition does not hold, can be found in 8. EN ISO 17201-4:2006 (E) 21 Annex B (informative) Guidance on prediction uncertainty B.1 General The accepted
44、 format for expression of uncertainties is given in the GUM. Its principles can be applied to the prediction method as specified in this part of ISO 17201, as well. The format for expression of uncertainties incorporates an uncertainty budget, in which the various sources of uncertainty are identifi
45、ed and quantified, from which the combined uncertainty can be obtained. The general approach to calculation of uncertainties appropriate to this part of ISO 17201 is illustrated for information. B.2 Uncertainty of one-third-octave-band spectrum of sound exposure level B.2.1 Functional relationship T
46、he general expression for the one-third-octave-band spectrum of the sound exposure level at the receiver location, LE,r(fi), is given by Equation (B.1): ,r ,s div nlin atm excess() () () ()E iEi i iLf Lf A A A f A f= (B.1) where LE,s(fi) is the one-third-octave-band sound source exposure level at no
47、minal mid-band frequency fiand at the 1 m reference distance from the source point see Equation (7), expressed in decibels; Adivis the attenuation of the level of the sound in a field free of reflections and resulting from the divergence of the geometric area of the wave front as the distance increa
48、ses from the 1 m reference distance, expressed in decibels; Anlinis the attenuation caused by non-linear effects associated with the large initial amplitude of projectile sound near the source point, expressed in decibels; Aatm(fi) is the attenuation caused by absorption processes in the atmosphere
49、as the sound propagates over the path from the 1 m reference distance to the location of the receiver, expressed in decibels; Aexcess(fi) is the excess attenuation which includes losses due to the interaction with the ground, atmospheric refraction and shielding by a barrier, expressed in decibels. A probability distribution (normal, rectangular, student-t, etc.) is associated with each of the input quantities. Its expectation (mean value) is the best estimate for the value of the input quantity
