1、September 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 18No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
2、ICS 13.080.01!$tPs“1814580www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 17402Soil quality Requirements and guidance for the selection and application ofmethods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soiland soil materials (ISO 17402:2008)English translation of DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09Bodenbeschaffenheit A
3、nleitung zur Auswahl und Anwendung von Verfahren fr die Bewertung derBioverfgbarkeit von Kontaminanten im Boden und in Bodenmaterialien (ISO 17402:2008)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09Qualit du sol Lignes directrices pour la slection et lapplication des mthodes dvaluation de labiodi
4、sponibilit des contaminants dans le sol et les matriaux du sol (ISO 17402:2008)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.4508.11 DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09 2 A comma is used as the
5、 decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normen
6、ausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 119-01-02-02 UA Chemische und physikalische Verfahren. Expert assistance and specialized laboratories are recommended to perform the sampling procedures described in this standard. The DIN Standards corresponding to the
7、 International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 6341 DIN EN ISO 6341 ISO 8692 DIN EN ISO 8692 ISO 10253 DIN EN ISO 10253 ISO 11074 E DIN ISO 11074 ISO 11267 DIN ISO 11267 ISO 11268-1 DIN ISO 11268-1 ISO 11268-2 DIN ISO 11268-2 ISO 11269-2 DIN ISO 11269-2 ISO 11348-1 DIN EN
8、ISO 11348-1 ISO 11348-2 DIN EN ISO 11348-2 ISO 11348-3 DIN EN ISO 11348-3 ISO 14238 DIN ISO 14238 ISO 14240-1 DIN ISO 14240-1 ISO 14240-2 DIN ISO 14240-2 ISO 15175 DIN EN ISO 15175 ISO 15685 DIN ISO 15685 ISO 15799 DIN ISO 15799 ISO 15800 DIN ISO 15800 ISO 15952 DIN EN ISO 15952 ISO 16387 DIN ISO 16
9、387 ISO 16712 DIN EN ISO 16712 ISO 17155 DIN ISO 17155 ISO 17512-1 DIN ISO 17512-1 ISO/TS 17924 DIN ISO/TS 17924 ISO 19258 DIN EN ISO 19258 ISO 20963 DIN EN ISO 20963 ISO/TS 21268-1 DIN SPEC 1128 (DIN ISO/TS 21268-1) ISO/TS 21268-2 DIN SPEC 1129 (DIN ISO/TS 21268-2) ISO/TS 21268-3 DIN SPEC 1130 (DIN
10、 ISO/TS 21268-3) ISO/TS 21268-4 DIN SPEC 1131 (DIN ISO/TS 21268-4) ISO 22030 DIN EN ISO 22030 ISO 23753-1 DIN EN ISO 23753-1 ISO 23753-2 DIN EN ISO 23753-2 DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 6341, Water quality Determination of the inhibition of the mo
11、bility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) Acute toxicity test DIN EN ISO 8692, Water quality Freshwater algal growth inhibition test with unicellular green algae DIN EN ISO 10253, Water quality Marine algal growth inhibition test with Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum DI
12、N EN ISO 11348-1, Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) Part 1: Method using freshly prepared bacteria DIN EN ISO 11348-2, Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the
13、 light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) Part 2: Method using liquid-dried bacteria DIN EN ISO 11348-3, Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) Part 3: Method using freeze-dried b
14、acteria DIN EN ISO 15175, Soil quality Characterization of soil related to groundwater protection DIN EN ISO 15952, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on juvenile land snails (Helicidae) Determination of the effects on growth by soil contamination DIN EN ISO 16712, Water quality Determination of acu
15、te toxicity of marine or estuarine sediment to amphipods DIN EN ISO 19258, Soil quality Guidance on the determination of background values DIN EN ISO 20963, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on insect larvae (Oxythyrea funesta) Determination of acute toxicity DIN EN ISO 22030, Soil quality Biologic
16、al methods Chronic toxicity in higher plants DIN EN ISO 23753-1, Soil quality Determination of dehydrogenase activity in soil Part 1: Method using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) DIN EN ISO 23753-2, Soil quality Determination of dehydrogenase activity in soil Part 2: Method using iodotetrazolium
17、 chloride (INT) E DIN ISO 11074, Soil quality Vocabulary DIN ISO 11267, Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants DIN ISO 11268-1, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei) Part 1: Determination of acute toxicit
18、y using artificial soil substrate DIN ISO 11268-2, Part2:Determinationof effects on reproduction DIN ISO 11269-2, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Part 2: Effects of chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants Soil quality Effects of pollutants on eart
19、hworms (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei) DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09 4 DIN ISO 14238, Soil quality Biological methods Determination of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in soils and the influence of chemicals on these processes DIN ISO 14240-1, Soil quality Determination of soil microbial biomass
20、 Part 1: Substrate-induced respiration method DIN ISO 14240-2, Soil quality Determination of soil microbial biomass Part 2: Fumigation-extraction method DIN ISO 15685, Soil quality Determination of potential nitrification and inhibition of nitrification Rapid test by ammonium oxidation DIN ISO 15799
21、, Soil quality Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials DIN ISO 15800, Soil quality Characterization of soil with respect to human exposure DIN ISO 16387, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on Enchytraeidae (Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of effects on reproducti
22、on and survival DIN ISO 17155, Soil quality Determination of abundance and activity of the soil microflora using respiration curves DIN ISO 17512-1, Soil quality Avoidance test for determining the quality of soils and effects of chemicals on behaviour Part 1: Test with earthworms (Eisenia fetida and
23、 Eisenia andrei) DIN ISO/TS 17924, Soil quality Assessment of human exposure from ingestion of soil and soil material Guidance on the application and selection of physiologically based extraction methods for the estimation of the human bioaccessibility/bioavailability of metals in soil DIN SPEC 1128
24、, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials Part 1: Batch test using a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matter DIN SPEC 1129, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and so
25、il materials Part 2: Batch test using a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg dry matter DIN SPEC 1130, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials Part 3: Up-flow percolation test DIN SPEC 1131, Soil quality Leaching procedures for sub
26、sequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials Part 4: Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17402 June 2011 ICS 13.080.01 English Version Soil quality - Requirements and guidance for the selecti
27、on and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soil and soil materials (ISO 17402:2008) Qualit du sol - Lignes directrices pour la slection et lapplication des mthodes dvaluation de la biodisponibilit des contaminants dans le sol et les matriaux du sol (ISO 17
28、402:2008) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Auswahl und Anwendung von Verfahren fr die Bewertung der Bioverfgbarkeit von Kontaminanten im Boden und in Bodenmaterialien (ISO 17402:2008) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
29、Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
30、 any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the officia
31、l versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak
32、ia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide f
33、or CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17402:2011: EContents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Bioavailability in relation to assessment of soil function .12 4.1 Soil functions and organisms to protect.12 4.2 Risk assessment12 4.3 Protec
34、tion goals.13 5 Concepts of bioavailability .14 5.1 Definitions 14 5.2 Links between bioavailability and biological effects and/or bioaccumulation .16 6 Description of methods to assess bioavailability 17 6.1 General17 6.2 Assessment of bioavailability using chemical test methods18 6.3 Assessment of
35、 bioavailability using ecotoxicological test methods.19 7 Pathways related to soil quality (both organism and soil)20 7.1 General20 7.2 Human.20 7.2.1 General20 7.2.2 Soil ingestion .20 7.2.3 Dermal contact.21 7.2.4 Inhalation of soil 21 7.2.5 Groundwater used for drinking water21 7.3 Exposure of hi
36、gher animals21 7.4 Exposure of soil organisms21 7.4.1 General21 7.4.2 Exposure of soil micro-organisms.21 7.4.3 Exposure of soil invertebrates (micro-, meso- and macro-fauna)22 7.5 Exposure of plants.22 8 Available methods to measure bioavailability23 8.1 General23 8.2 Chemical methods to measure en
37、vironmental availability .23 8.2.1 General23 8.2.2 Methods for soil ingestion 24 8.2.3 Methods for dermal uptake.25 8.2.4 Methods for plants.25 8.2.5 Methods for leaching from the solid phase to the soil solution .25 8.2.6 Methods for biodegradation .26 8.2.7 Methods for soil organisms26 8.2.8 Avail
38、able and promising chemical methods to measure bioavailability .26 8.3 Ecotoxicological test methods to measure bioavailability .28 9 Requirements.31 9.1 General31 9.2 Requirements for selection and application.31 9.2.1 Requirements for selection 31 9.2.2 Requirements for application.32 DIN EN ISO 1
39、7402:2011-09 EN ISO 17402:2011 (E) 2 9.3 Requirements for development .33 Annex A (informative) Bioavailability in relation to biodegradability35 Annex B (informative) International Standards for the determination of the toxicity of chemicals on sediment organisms (laboratory tests)36 Bibliography37
40、 DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09 EN ISO 17402:2011 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 17402:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 17402:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Charact
41、erization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by D
42、ecember 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standard
43、s organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Pola
44、nd, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17402:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 17402:2011 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 17402:2011-09 EN ISO 17402:2011 (E) 4 Introduction Laboratory and field stu
45、dies have demonstrated that biological effects are not related to the total concentration of a contaminant in the soil. Instead, an organism responds only to the fraction that is biologically available (bioavailable) for that organism. This is particularly true in soils that undergo interaction of c
46、ontaminant molecules with the soil, in such a way that the contaminant is not attainable anymore by the organism or is present in a non-available form (sometimes referred to as sequestration or irreversible sorption). The bioavailable fractions of contaminants are dependent on soil properties and va
47、rious processes varying with time and on the biological receptors. The conservative approach of exposure assessment, as typically described in a regulatory context, assumes that the total concentration of a contaminant present in a soil or soil material is available for uptake by organisms, includin
48、g man, and as such will overestimate the risks. Therefore, a risk assessment can be optimised by using an approach that is based on estimated exposure representing the available, effective concentration of the contaminant(s) and on (existing) intrinsic toxicity data. This assumption is not new as, a
49、lready in the last half of the nineteenth century, agronomists and soil scientists began to search for chemical methods to determine the concentration of individual plant-available nutrients in agricultural soils. The impetus for this search was the need for recommended nutrient additions to achieve maximum crop yield. Mulder 1stated already in 1860: “The unnecessary full analysis of soil to learn if it is fertile or not cannot be argued
