1、September 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 14No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
2、ICS 83.080.01!%(y*“2058607www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 178Plastics Determination of flexural properties (ISO 178:2010 + Amd.1:2013);English version EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013,English translation of DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09Kunststoffe Bestimmung der Biegeeigenschaften (ISO 178:2010 + Amd.1:2013);Englische Fass
3、ung EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09Plastiques Dtermination des proprits en flexion (ISO 178:2010 + Amd.1:2013);Version anglaise EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09SupersedesDIN EN ISO 178:2011-04www.beuth.deDocument compri
4、ses pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2708.13 DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” (Secretariat: SA
5、C, China) in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” (Secretariat: NBN, Belgium). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Kunststoffe (Plastics Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 054-01-02 AA Mechanische Eigenschaften und Probekrpe
6、r-herstellung. This standard includes Amendment A1 approved by CEN on 19 March 2013. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in Clause 2 of this standard are as fo
7、llows: ISO 291 DIN EN ISO 291 ISO 293 DIN EN ISO 293 ISO 294-1:1996 DIN EN ISO 294-1:1998-10 ISO 295 DIN EN ISO 295 ISO 2818 DIN EN ISO 2818 ISO 7500-1 DIN EN ISO 7500-1 ISO 9513 DIN EN ISO 9513 ISO 10724-1 DIN EN ISO 10724-1 ISO 23529 DIN ISO 23529 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 1
8、78:2011-04 as follows: a) Subclauses 5.5.1.1 and 5.5.1.2 have been completely revised and are now directly allocated to Subclause 5.5.1; b) Subclause 8.1 and Figure 5 have been completely revised; c) Subclause 8.2 has been revised with regard to the thickness (previously mean thickness); d) Clause 1
9、1 “Test report”, item d) has been extended: “the shape and dimensions of the test specimens and, if applicable, the dimensions of the tips used”. Previous editions DIN 53452: 1941-05, 1944-11, 1955x-02, 1977-04 DIN 53453: 1943-11, 1952-02, 1954-07, 1958-05, 1965-10, 1975-05 DIN 53457: 1968-05, 1987-
10、06, 1987-10 DIN EN ISO 178: 1997-02, 2003-06, 2006-04, 2011-04 DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing DIN EN ISO 293, Plastics Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials D
11、IN EN ISO 294-1:1998-10, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens DIN EN ISO 295, Plastics Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials DIN EN ISO 2818, Plastics Prepa
12、ration of test specimens by machining DIN EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system DIN EN ISO 9513, Metallic materials Calibration of extensometer systems
13、 used in uniaxial testing DIN EN ISO 10724-1, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds (PMCs) Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimens DIN ISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for
14、 physical test methods DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 178 December 2010 + A1 March 2013 ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 178:2003English Version Plastics - Determination of flexural properties (ISO 178:2010 + Amd 1:20
15、13) Plastiques - Dtermination des proprits en flexion (ISO 178:2010 + Amd 1:2013) Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Biegeeigenschaften (ISO 178:2010 + Amd 1:2013) EN ISO 178:2013 was approved by CEN on 2010-12-14 and Amendment A1:2013 on 2013-03-19. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC In
16、ternal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to a
17、ny CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official
18、versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norw
19、ay, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in a
20、ny form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013 EContents 2 EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013 (E) DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09 Page Foreword to EN ISO 178:2010 3 !Foreword to EN ISO 178:2010/A1:2013 .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definiti
21、ons .6 4 Principle 9 5 Test machine 9 5.1 General 9 5.2 Test speed 9 5.3 Supports and loading edge 10 5.4 Force- and deflection-measuring systems . 10 5.5 Equipment for measuring the width and thickness of the test specimens .11 6 Test specimens 12 6.1 Shape and dimensions 12 6.2 Anisotropic materia
22、ls 13 6.3 Preparation of test specimens . 13 6.4 Specimen inspection .14 6.5 Number of test specimens 14 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing . 14 8 Procedure .14 9 Calculation and expression of results .17 9.1 Flexural stress 17 9.2 Flexural strain 17 9.3 Flexural modulus . 18 9.4 Statistical
23、parameters .18 9.5 Significant figures18 10 Precision . 19 11 Test report 19 Annex A (informative) Precision statement 20 Annex B (informative) Influence of changes in test speed on the measured values of flexural properties .22 Bibliography 23 Foreword to EN ISO 178:2010 This document (EN ISO 178:2
24、010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endors
25、ement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying
26、any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 178:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denm
27、ark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 178:2010 has been approved
28、 by CEN as EN ISO 178:2010 without any modification. 3 EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013 (E) DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09 !Foreword to EN ISO 178:2010/A1:2013 This document (EN ISO 178:2010/A1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249
29、“Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This Amendment to the European Standard EN ISO 178:2010 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be wit
30、hdrawn at the latest by September 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The fifth edition specifies measuring tips wit
31、h an end radius of 50 mm. While this is useful to avoid alignment errors when dimensions on perfectly flat specimens are measured, it has disadvantages with injection-moulded specimens, which constitute the majority of specimens tested according to ISO 178. Injection-moulded specimens are never perf
32、ectly rectangular and, especially if made of semi-crystalline materials, also exhibit sink marks. Measuring tips with rounded ends tend to determine the minimum thickness, leading to artificially high values of stress and flexural modulus. Furthermore, the specified tips with round ends are not read
33、ily available and in the same instant rendered commonly used flat-ended tips obsolete, causing disagreement in audit processes. This amendment rectifies this error and introduces a specification for measuring the dimensions of the test specimens that allows different instruments to be used, provided
34、 they measure not the extreme (maximum or minimum) dimensions, but rather an average value. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, C
35、zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United King
36、dom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 178:2010/Amd 1:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 178:2010/A1:2013 without any modification.“ 4 EN ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013 (E) DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies a method for determining the flexural properties of rigi
37、d (see 3.12) and semi-rigid plastics under defined conditions. A standard test specimen is defined, but parameters are included for alternative specimen sizes for use where appropriate. A range of test speeds is included. 1.2 The method is used to investigate the flexural behaviour of the test speci
38、mens and to determine the flexural strength, flexural modulus and other aspects of the flexural stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined. It applies to a freely supported beam, loaded at midspan (three-point loading test). 1.3 The method is suitable for use with the following range of
39、 materials: thermoplastic moulding, extrusion and casting materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid thermoplastics sheets; thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; thermosetting sheets. In agreement with ISO 10350-15
40、and ISO 10350-26, this International Standard applies to fibre-reinforced compounds with fibre lengths u 7,5 mm prior to processing. For long-fibre-reinforced materials (laminates) with fibre lengths 7,5 mm, see ISO 141257. The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials or
41、 sandwich structures containing cellular material. In such cases, ISO 1209-13and/or ISO 1209-24can be used. NOTE For certain types of textile-fibre-reinforced plastic, a four-point bending test is preferred. This is described in ISO 14125. 1.4 The method is performed using specimens which may be eit
42、her moulded to the specified dimensions, machined from the central section of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or semi-finished products, such as mouldings, laminates, or extruded or cast sheet. 1.5 The method specifies the preferred dimensions for the
43、test specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of different dimensions, or on specimens which are prepared under different conditions, can produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the test speed and the conditioning of the specimens, can also influence the results. N
44、OTE Especially for semi-crystalline polymers, the thickness of the oriented skin layer, which is dependent on the moulding conditions, also affects the flexural properties. 1.6 The method is not suitable for the determination of design parameters but can be used in materials testing and as a quality
45、 control test. 1.7 For materials exhibiting non-linear stress/strain behaviour, the flexural properties are only nominal. The equations given have been derived assuming linear elastic behaviour and are valid for deflections of the specimen that are small compared to its thickness. With the preferred
46、 specimen (which measures 80 mm 10 mm 4 mm) at the conventional flexural strain of 3,5 % and a span-to-thickness ratio, L/h, of 16, the deflection is 1,5h. Flexural tests are more appropriate for stiff and brittle materials showing small deflections at break than for very soft and ductile ones. 5 EN
47、 ISO 178:2010 + A1:2013 (E) DIN EN ISO 178:2013-09 1.8 Contrary to the previous editions of this International Standard, this edition specifies two methods, method A and method B. Method A is identical to the method in previous editions of this International Standard, i.e. it uses a strain rate of 1
48、 %/min throughout the test. Method B uses two different strain rates: 1 %/min for the determination of the flexural modulus and 5 %/min or 50 %/min, depending on the ductility of the material, for the determination of the remainder of the flexural stress-strain curve. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documen
