1、DEUTSCHE NORM December 1999 I DIN Petroleum products Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity of tranmarent and oDaaue liauids - I EN IS03104 I (includes CorrigendumAC : 1999) (IS03104: 1994 + Cor 1 : 1997) DIN EN IS0 3104 : 1996 +AC : 1999 ICs 75.080 Supersedes Janu
2、ary 1997 edition. Minerallerzeugnisse - Durchsichtige und undurchsichtige Flssigkeiten - Bestimmung der kinematischen Viskositt und Berechnung der dynamischen Viskositt (enthlt Berichtigung AC : 1999) (IS0 3104 : 1994 + Cor 1 : 1997) European Standard EN IS0 31 04 : 1996 + Corrigendum AC : 1999 has
3、the status of a DIN Standard. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CEN/TC 19 to adopt, without alteration, International Standard IS0 31 04 as a European Standard. The responsible German body involved in its
4、preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee). Amendments This standard differs from the January 1997 edition in that precision values for lubricant adhesives, gas oils and kerosines have been included (cf. clause 14). Previous edition DIN EN IS0 31 04: 1
5、997-01 EN comprises 14 pages. No pari of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of Ref. No. DIN EN IS0 3104 : 1999-1 Y Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, s the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). English
6、 price group O9 Sales No. 1109 04.00 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IS0 3104 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM February 1996 + AC May 1999 ICs 75.080 English version Petroleum products Transparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity (includes Corrigendum
7、AC : 1999) (IS0 31 04 : 1994 + Cor 1 : 1997) Produits ptroliers - Liquides opaques et transparents - Dter- mination de la viscosit cinmatique et calcul de la viscosit dynamique (corrigendum AC : 1999 inclus) (IS0 31 04 : 1994 + Cor 1 : 1997) Minerallerzeugnisse - Durchsichtige und undurchsichtige Fl
8、ssigkeiten - Bestimmung der kinematischen Visko- sitt und Berechnung der dynami- schen Viskositt (enthlt Berichtigung AC : 1999) (IS0 31 04 : 1994 + Cor 1 : 1997) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-01 -1 8 and Corrigendum AC on 1999-05-20. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN
9、KENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stand- ards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to
10、 any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
11、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Co
12、mit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1999. CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national members. Ref. No. EN IS0 3104 : 1996 +AC : 1999 E Page 2 ENISO3104:1996 +AC:1
13、999 Foreword International Standard IS0 31 04 : 1994 Petroleum products -Transparent and opaque liquids- Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity, which was prepared by ISO/TC 28 Petroleum products and lubricants of the International Organization for Standardization,
14、 has been adopted by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 Petroleum products, lubricants and related products as a European Standard. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, and conflicting national standards wit
15、hdrawn, by August 1996 at the latest. In accordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follow- ing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ire
16、land, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0 31 04 : 1994 + Cor 1 : 1997 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. Introduction Many petroleum p
17、roducts, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling and operational c
18、onditions. Thus the accurate measurement of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. Page 3 EN IS0 31 04 : 1996 + AC : 1999 WARNING - The use of this International Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the s
19、afety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a procedure for the determination o
20、f the kinematic viscosity, Y, of liq- uid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, u, can be obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by
21、the density, p, of the liquid. NOTE 1 The result obtained from this International Stan- dard is dependent upon the behaviour of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behaviour). If, however, the vis
22、cosity varies signifi- cantly with the rate of shear, different results may be ob- tained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour, have been included. 2 Normative referen
23、ces The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International St
24、andard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- 1) To be published. (Revision of IS0 3105:1976) cent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- rent ly va lid l nternat ional Standards. IS0 31 05:-?1, Glass capillary kin
25、ematic viscometers - Specifications and operating instructions. IS0 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 fluid under gravity. kinematic viscosity, v: Resist
26、ance to flow of a NOTE 2 For gravity flow under a given hydrostatic head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density, p. For any particular viscometer, the time of flow of a fixed volume of fluid is directly proportional to its kinematic vis- cosity, v, where v = q/p, and where q i
27、s the dynamic vis- cosity coefficient. 3.2 density, p: Mass per unit volume of a substance at a given temperature. 3.3 dynamic viscosity, 9: Ratio between the ap- plied shear stress and rate of shear of a liquid. It is sometimes called the coefficient of dynamic viscosity, or simply viscosity. Thus
28、dynamic viscosity is a Page 4 ENISO3104:1996 +AC:1999 measure of the resistance to flow or deformation of a liquid. NOTE 3 The term dynamic viscosity can also be used in a different context to denote a frequency-dependent quan- tity in which shear stress and shear rate have a sinusoidal time depende
29、nce. 4 Principle The time is measured for a fixed volume of liquid to flow under gravity through the capillary of a calibrated viscometer under a reproducible driving head and at a known and closely controlled temperature. The kinematic viscosity is the product of the measured flow time and the cali
30、bration constant of the viscometer. 5 Reagents and materials 5.1 Chromic acid cleaning solution, or a nonchromium-containing, strongly-oxidizing acid cleaning solution. WARNING - Chromic acid is a health hazard. It is toxic, a recognized carcinogen, highly corrosive and potentially hazardous in cont
31、act with organic materials. If used, wear a full face-shield and full- length protective clothing including suitable gloves. Avoid breathing vapour. Dispose of used chromic acid carefully as it remains hazardous. Nonchromium-containing, strongly oxidizing acid cleaning solutions are also highly corr
32、osive and potentially hazardous in contact with organic ma- terials, but do not contain chromium which has special disposal problems. 5.2 Sample solvent, completely miscible with the sample. Filter before use. NOTE 4 For most samples a volatile petroleum spirit or naphtha is suitable. For residual f
33、uels, a prewash with an aromatic solvent such as toluene or xylene may be necess- ary to remove asphaltenic material. 5.3 Drying solvent, volatile and miscible with both the sample solvent (5.2) and water (5.4). Filter before use. NOTE 5 Acetone IS suitable 5.4 Water, deionized or distilled, conform
34、ing to Grade 3 of IS0 3696. Filter before use. 5.5 Certified viscosity reference standards, use as confirmatory checks on the procedure in laboratory. 6 Apparatus for the 6.1 Viscometer, calibrated, of the glass capillary type, capable of measuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precision
35、given in clause 14 (see annex A). NOTE 6 Viscometers listed in tableA.l, whose specifi- cations meet those given in IS0 3105, meet these require- ments. It is not intended to restrict this test method to the use of only those viscometers listed in tableA.l; annex A gives further guidance. Automated
36、viscometers, which have been shown to measure kinematic viscosity within the limits of pre- cision given in clause 14, are acceptable alternatives. Apply a kinetic energy correction (see IS0 3105) to kinematic viscosities less than 10 mrn2/s and flow times less than 200 s. 6.2 Viscometer holder, ena
37、bling all viscometers which have the upper meniscus directly above the lower meniscus to be suspended vertically within 1“ in all directions. Those viscometers whose upper meniscus is offset from directly above the lower meniscus shall be suspended vertically within 0,3“ in all directions (see IS0 3
38、1 05). NOTE 7 The proper alignment of vertical parts may be confirmed by using a plumb line, but for rectangular baths with opaque ends this may not be wholly satisfactory. 6.3 Temperature-controlled bath, containing a transparent liquid of sufficient depth such that at no time during the measuremen
39、t is any portion of the sample in the viscometer less than 20 rnm below the surface of the bath liquid or less than 20 rnm above the bottom of the bath. Temperature control of the bath liquid shall be such that, for each series of flow-time measurements, within the range of 15 “C to 100 “C the tempe
40、rature of the bath medium does not vary by more than f 0.02 “C from the selected temperature over the length of the viscometer, or between the position of each viscometer, or at the location of the thermometer. For temperatures outside this range, the deviation from the desired temperature shall not
41、 exceed k 0.05 “C. Page 5 ENISO3104:1996 +AC:1999 6.4 Temperature-measuring device, for the range O “C to 100 “C, either calibrated liquid-in-glass thermometer (annex B) of an accuracy after cor- rection of f 0,02 “C or better, or any other thermometric device of equal or better accuracy. When two t
42、hermometers are used in the same bath, they shall agree within 0,04 “C. NOTE 8 If calibrated liquid-in-glass thermometers are used, the use of two thermometers is recommended. Outside the range O “C to 100 “C, a calibrated liquid- in-glass thermometer of an accuracy after correction of f 0,05 “C or
43、better shall be used, and when two thermometers are used in the same bath they shall agree within f 0,l “C. 6.5 Timing device, capable of taking readings with a discrimination of 0.1 s or better, and having an ac- curacy within f 0,07 % (see annex C) of the reading when tested over intervals of 200
44、s and 900 s. NOTE 9 Electrical timing devices may be used if the cur- rent frequency is controlled to an accuracy of 0.05 % or better. Alternating currents, as provided by some public power systems, are intermittently rather than continuously controlled. When used to actuate electrical timing device
45、s, such control can cause large errors in viscosity flow measurements. 7 Calibration and verification 7.1 Verify the viscometer calibration following the laboratory procedure using a certified viscosity refer- ence standard (5.5). If the measured kinematic vis- cosity does not agree within f 0.35 %
46、of the certified value, recheck each step in the procedure, including thermometer and viscometer calibrations, to locate the source of error. Table 1 in IS0 3105 gives details of standards available. NOTE 10 The most common sources of error are caused by particles of dust lodged in the capillary bor
47、e and tem- perature measurement errors. It should be appreciated that a correct result obtained on a standard oil does not preclude the possibility of a counterbalancing combination of the possible sources of error. 7.2 The calibration constant, C, is dependent upon the gravitational acceleration at
48、 the place of calibration and this shall therefore be supplied by the standard- ization laboratory, together with the instrument con- stant. Where the acceleration of gravity, g, differs by more than 0,l %, correct the calibration constant as follows: where the subscripts 1 and 2 indicate respective
49、ly the standardization laboratory and the testing laboratory. 8 General procedure for kinematic viscosity determination 8.1 Adjust and maintain the viscometer bath at the required test temperature within the limits given in 6.3, taking account of the conditions given in annex B and of the corrections supplied on the Cer- tificates of calibration for the thermometers. Thermometers shall be held in an upright position under the same conditions of immersion as when calibrated. NOTE 11 In order to obtain the most reliable temperature measurement, it is recommended tha
