1、 DEUTSCHE NORMMay 2006DIN EN ISO 3785 ICS 77.040.01 Supersedes DIN EN ISO 3785:1995-03 Metallic materials Designation of test specimen axes in relation to product texture (ISO 3785:2006) English version of DIN EN ISO 3785:2006-05 Metallische Werkstoffe Kennzeichnung von Probenachsen in Bezug zur Hal
2、bzeuggefgetextur (ISO 3785:2006) Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 3785:2006-05 Document comprises 12 pages No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission of DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, has the exclusive right of sale for
3、 German Standards (DIN-Normen). English price group 9 www.din.de www.beuth.de !,nw|“11.06 9758489DIN EN ISO 3785:2006-05 2 National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by ECISS/TC 1 to adopt, without alteration, International Standard ISO 3785 as a European
4、Standard. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee NMP 144 Prfverfahren mit schlagartiger Beanspruchung fr Metalle. A corresponding national standard does not exist. Amendments This sta
5、ndard differs from the March 1995 edition as follows: a) Clause 2 now only describes the main principle of the designation system. b) Clause 3 is only applicable to unnotched specimens. c) Clause 4 is only applicable to notched and precracked specimens. d) Figures 1b) and 1c) have been modified. e)
6、A new figure 2 for the designation of notched and precracked specimens has been included. f) Annex A has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 3785: 1995-03 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 3785 February 2006 ICS 77.040.10 Supersedes EN ISO 3785:1995English V
7、ersion Metallic materials - Designation of test specimen axes in relation to product texture (ISO 3785:2006) Matriaux mtalliques - Dsignation des axes des prouvettes en relation avec la texture du produit (ISO 3785:2006) Metallische Werkstoffe - Kennzeichnung von Probenachsen im Bezug zur Halbzeugge
8、fgetextur (ISO 3785:2006) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 January 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lis
9、ts and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the respo
10、nsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irela
11、nd, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart,
12、 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 3785:2006: EEN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 3785:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 “Mechanical testing of me
13、tals“ in collaboration with Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1 “Steel - Mechanical testing“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2006, and
14、 conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2006. This document supersedes EN ISO 3785:1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgi
15、um, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of IS
16、O 3785:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3785:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 3 Contents Page Foreword .2 Introduction.3 1 Scope4 2 Designation system.4 3 Designation of unnotched specimens 4 4 Designation of notched (or precracked) specimens .6 5 Application of designatio
17、n system in material specification .6 Annex A (informative) Influence of mechanical working on material structure and properties.10 Introduction The measured mechanical properties of a metallic product, especially those characterizing ductility and toughness, such as elongation, reduction of area, f
18、racture toughness and impact resistance, are dependent on the test specimen location within the product and orientation with respect to the products principal directions of metal working, grain flow or otherwise-produced texture. This International Standard specifies a method for designating specime
19、n orientation in relation to product texture. EN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for designating test specimen axes in relation to product texture by means of an X-Y-Z orthogonal coordinate system. The system applies equally to unnotched and notched (or pre
20、cracked) test specimens. The method is intended only for metallic materials with uniform texture that can be unambiguously determined. Test specimen orientation is decided before specimen machining, identified in accordance with the designation system specified in this International Standard, and re
21、corded. 2 Designation system 2.1 General The method for relating specimen axes to the characteristic directions of the product makes use of an X-Y-Z orthogonal coordinate system for wrought metals: the letter X always denotes the direction of principal deformation (maximum grain flow in the product)
22、; the letter Y denotes the direction of least deformation; the letter Z denotes the direction normal to the X-Y plane. 2.2 Exception not aligned When the specimen direction does not coincide with the products characteristic grain-flow directions, two letters are used as described for unnotched speci
23、mens in 3.2.2 and 3.2.4, and for notched specimens in 4.3. 2.3 Exception no grain flow When there is no grain-flow direction as in a casting, specimen location and orientation shall be defined on a part drawing and the test result shall carry no orientation designation. 3 Designation of unnotched sp
24、ecimens 3.1 General The designations of unnotched specimens variously aligned with respect to the products characteristic grain-flow directions are depicted in Figure 1. Only specimens fully aligned with, or lying midway between, the products characteristic grain-flow directions are shown. EN ISO 37
25、85:2006 (E) 5 3.2 Sheet, plate, bar (flat rolled products) 3.2.1 Aligned, grain flow different in all three orthogonal directions For products of non-circular cross-section and grain flow differing in the three orthogonal directions, specimens aligned with the products characteristic grain-flow dire
26、ctions are designated as either X-, Y- or Z-direction specimens as depicted in Figure 1 a). 3.2.2 Not aligned, grain flow different in all three orthogonal directions For products of non-circular cross-section and grain flow differing in the three orthogonal directions, specimens lying midway betwee
27、n the products characteristic grain-flow directions are designated as XY-, XZ- or YZ-direction specimens as depicted in Figure 1 f). When the specimen lies neither in alignment with the products characteristic grain-flow directions nor midway between them, but rather at some other angle to them, the
28、n that angle shall be stated between the two designation letters, the first letter denoting the direction toward which the specimen axis is inclined, and the second letter the direction from which the specimen axis is inclined. This designation scheme is restricted to direction vectors that lie with
29、in any of the three planes described by the orthogonal X, Y and Z directions. When the direction vector lies outside those planes, specimen location and orientation hall be defined on a drawing of the product or part and the test result shall carry no orientation designation. 3.2.3 Aligned, equal cr
30、oss-sectional grain flow For products of non-circular cross-section with equal Y- and Z-direction grain flow, specimens oriented normal to the X-direction (principal direction of) grain flow may be designated as either Y- or Z-direction specimens, as depicted in Figure 1 a). 3.2.4 Not aligned, equal
31、 cross-sectional grain flow For products of non-circular cross-section with equal Y- and Z-direction grain flow, specimens lying midway between the products characteristic grain-flow directions are designated as XY-, XZ-, or YZ-direction specimens, as depicted in Figure 1 f). When the specimen lies
32、neither in alignment with the products characteristic grain-flow directions nor midway between them, but rather at some other angle to them, then that angle shall be stated between the two letters, the first letter denoting the direction toward which the specimen axis is inclined, and the second let
33、ter the direction from which the specimen axis is inclined. This designation scheme is restricted to direction vectors the lie within any of the three planes described by the orthogonal X, Y and Z directions. When the direction vector lies outside those planes, specimen location and orientation shal
34、l be defined on a drawing of the product or part and the test result shall carry no orientation designation. 3.3 Cylinders and thick-walled tubes Specimen depictions in Figures 1 b) and 1 c) pertain to solid cylinders; those in Figure 1 d) apply to hollow cylinders (thick-walled tubes). 3.4 Thin-wal
35、led tubes, helical grain flow Specimen depictions in Figure 1 e) pertain to products with helical grain flow, typically thin-walled tubing. 3.5 Castings When there is no grain-flow direction as in a casting, specimen location and direction shall be defined on a part drawing and the test result shall
36、 carry no orientation designation. EN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 6 4 Designation of notched (or precracked) specimens 4.1 General Designating the plane and direction of crack extension for notched (or precracked) specimens, in relation to the products characteristic grain-flow directions, is done using a hyp
37、henated code wherein the letter(s) preceding the hyphen represent the direction normal to the crack plane and the letter(s) following the hyphen represent the anticipated direction of crack extension. 4.2 Aligned When the specimen direction is aligned with the products characteristic grain-flow dire
38、ctions, a single letter for each case is used to denote the direction perpendicular to the crack plane and the direction of intended crack extension, as depicted in Figure 2 a), 2 c) and 2 d). 4.3 Not aligned When the specimen orientation directions lie midway between the products characteristic gra
39、in-flow directions, two letters shall be used to denote the normal to the crack plane or the crack propagation direction, as depicted in Figure 2 b). When the specimen orientation directions lie neither in alignment with the products characteristic grain-flow directions nor midway between them, but
40、rather at some other angle to them, then that angle shall be stated between the two letters, the first letter denoting the direction toward which the crack plane normal or propagation direction is inclined, and the second letter the direction from which the crack plane normal or crack propagation di
41、rection is inclined. This designation scheme is restricted to direction vectors that lie within any of the three planes described by the orthogonal X, Y and Z directions. When the direction vector lies outside those planes, the specimen crack plane orientation and propagation direction shall be defi
42、ned on a drawing of the product or part, and the test result shall carry no orientation designation. 4.4 No grain flow When there is no grain-flow direction as in a casting, specimen location and crack plane orientation shall be defined on a part drawing and the test result shall carry no orientatio
43、n designation. 4.5 Welds A futur International Standard, which is being developed, contains a method of test for welds, including a unique scheme for designating specimen location and orientation. When that test method is adopted as an International Standard, its specimen location and orientation sc
44、heme will be incorporated into this International Standard. 5 Application of designation system in material specification 5.1 General The designation of specimen location and orientation with respect to the product characteristic directions is straightforward for regular structural configurations li
45、ke plate and rod. It is more difficult for complex structural shapes, in which case knowledge of production and processing plays an essential role. 5.2 Non-uniform grain flow In cases where grain flow is not uniform, specimen location and orientation shall reference component geometry and be noted o
46、n component drawings along with a description of component production and processing. EN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 7 5.3 Specifications Specimen extraction shall conform to relevant specifications. 5.4 Comparisons When products are to be compared on the basis of mechanical properties, it is essential that s
47、pecimen location and orientation with respect to the products grain-flow directions be comparable and that the results not be generalized beyond these limits. a) Sheet, plate, bar b) Cylinder Radial grain flow, axial working direction c) Cylinder Axial grain flow, radial working direction Figure 1 D
48、esignation of unnotched test pieces EN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 8 d) Tube (axial grain flow) e) Thin-walled tube with helical grain flow f) Not aligned sheet, plate, bar aGrain flow. Figure 1 (continued) EN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 9 a) Aligned b) Not aligned c) Radial grain flow, axial working direction d) Axial
49、 grain flow, radial working direction aGrain flow. Figure 2 Designation of notched (or precracked) specimens EN ISO 3785:2006 (E) 10 Annex A (informative) Influence of mechanical working on material structure and properties A.1 Product production Steep temperature gradients in the molten metal cause dendritic freezing patterns on cooling, whereas shallow gradients produce more equiaxed grains. Intermetallic compounds of all shapes and nonmetallic particles of usually equiaxed shapes can be distributed throughout. During hot
