1、DEUTSCHE NORM December 2000 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 14: Menu dialogues (IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1997) English version of DIN EN IS0 9241 -1 4 DIN - EN IS0 9241-14 ICs 13.180; 35.080; 35.240.20 Ergonomische Anforderungen fr Brottigkeiten mit Bildschirm
2、gerten - Teil 14: Dialogfhrung mittels Mens (IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1997) European Standard EN IS0 9241-14: 1999 has the status of a DIN Standard. National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CEN/CS to adopt, without alteration, International Standard IS0 9241 -
3、1 4 as a European Standard. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonom- ics Standards Committee). EN comprises 62 pages. No pari of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of Ref. No. DIN EN IS0 9241 -1 4 : 2000-1 Y Deutsch
4、es Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, s the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). English price group 19 Sales No. 11 19 05.01 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUFIOPEENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS0 9241-14 April 1999 ICs 13.1 80: 35.1 80 English ver
5、sion Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 14: Menu dialogues (IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1997) Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux crans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 14: Dialogues de type menu Ergonomische Anforderungen fr Brottigkeiten mi
6、t Bildschirm- geraten - Teil 14: Dialogfhrung mittels Mens (IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1997) (IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1997) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1999-04-01. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
7、 the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stand- ards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, Ge
8、rman). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denma
9、rk, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stass
10、art 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1999. CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national members. Ref. No. EN IS0 9241-14 : 1999 E Page 2 EN IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1999 Foreword International Standard IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1997 Ergonomic requirements for office work with
11、visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 14: Menu dialogues, which was prepared by ISO/TC 159 Ergonomics of the International Organization for Standardization, has been adopted by CMC as a European Standard. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication
12、 of an identical text or by endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by October 1999 at the latest. In accordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follow- ing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg
13、ium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1997 was approved by CEN as a Euro
14、pean Standard without any modification. NOTE: Normative references to international publications are listed in Annex ZA (normative). Page 3 EN IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1999 Contents Page 6 7 7 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 18 20 20 21 Page 4 EN IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1999 7.6 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Page 5 E
15、N IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1999 Introduction International Standard IS0 9241 deals with several aspects of the use of VDTs. Currently, the individual parts can be grouped in the following categories: IS0 9241-1: Introduction IS0 9241-2: Guidance on task requirements IS0 924 1-5 and -6: Workstation and enviro
16、nment IS0 9241-3,-4,- 7,- 8 and -9: Ergonomics pertaining to hardware IS0 9241 -1 O through -1 7: Ergonomics pertaining to software interfaces IS0 9241-14 is concerned with the ergonomic design of menu dialogues. In menu dialogues, the dialogue system presents one or more groups of options to the us
17、er, the user chooses one or more options, and the computer executes the desired process denoted by the option(s). IS0 9241-14 serves the following types of user: the user interface designer, who will apply IS0 9241-14 during the development process; the buyer, who will reference IS0 9241-14 during t
18、he product procurement process; evaluators responsible for ensuring products meet the recommendations in IS0 9241-14, designers of user interface development tools to be used by interface designers; e end users who will gain from the potential benefits provided by the standard. IS0 924 1 - 14 consis
19、ts of a number of recommendations, some of which are conditional, concerning menus. Conditional recommendations are recommendations that should be met only within the specific context for which they are relevant (e.g., particular kinds of users, tasks, environments, technology). These recommendation
20、s were developed primarily by reviewing the existing relevant literature and empirical evidence, then generalizing and formulating this work into recommendations. The source of the evidence for the individual recommendations can be found in annex C. Differences in the relative importance of the task
21、 user, environment, and technology in the design process are inevitable and have led to the “if - then“ structure of many of the conditional recommendations. For example, “If rapid search time is important, then place as many options and levels as possible on a single menu panel.“ This method provi
22、des practical, usable and unambiguous guidance during user interface design. Designers and evaluators using IS0 9241-14 need to know that they are developing an interface that will meet the recommendations provided in this part. Likewise, the buyer needs a means to determine how a product matches th
23、e recommendations in IS0 9241-14. The elements can be tailored due to the “if - then“ structure in IS0 9241-14. Additionally, it is not the intent of IS0 9241-14 that every recommendation should be applied, only those that are relevant. The application of IS0 9241-14 is expected to improve the overa
24、ll quality of the menus, but this standard (like any other standard) will not guarantee the quality of the interface. Quality depends on Page 6 EN IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1999 specific usability criteria as set by the user, buyer or other menu dialogue consumer which may include specifications based on this
25、 standard. It should be noted that IS0 9241-10 describes dialogue principles that are relevant for the design of menu dialogues. These principles should provide the designer and evaluator with additional information concerning the ergonomic rationale for the various recommendations in IS0 924 1-14 a
26、nd, therefore, assist in making tradeoffs. However, it may be necessary to base tradeoffs on other considerations as well. 1 Scope This part of IS0 9241 provides conditional recommendations for menus used in user-computer dialogues to accomplish typical office tasks. The recommendations cover menus
27、presented by various techniques including windowing, panels, buttons, fields, etc. These recommendations can be utilized throughout the design process (e.g., as guidance for designers during design, as a basis for heuristic evaluation, as guidance for usability testing). interface design depends upo
28、n the task, the user, the environment, and the available technology. Consequently, IS0 9241-14 cannot be applied without a knowledge of the design and use context of the interface and it is not intended to be used as a prescriptive set of rules to be applied in their entirety. Rather, it assumes tha
29、t the designer has proper information available concerning task and user requirements and understands the use of available technology (this may require consultation with a qualified ergonomics professional as well as empirical testing with real users). Although this is an International Standard, som
30、e of the conditional recommendations are based on Latin-based language usage and may not apply, or may need to be modified, for use with a different language. For example, in right-to-left languages those conditional recommendations oriented towards left-to-right reading may need to be modified and
31、adapted. in applying those conditional recommendations that assume a specific language base (e.g., alphabetic ordering of menu options, compound titles), care should be taken concerning the intent of the standard when translation is required to a different language. The recommendations relate to the
32、 three major design components of user interfaces, .e., dialogue, input, and output. Dialogue design determines the way in which a user is guided by the system to make inputs and influences the amount of control the user has over the dialogue. The dialogue should be designed to support the user in h
33、idher actual work without the user being bothered by additional work caused by system peculiarities. Menu dialogue design is covered in this part of IS0 9241 in terms of designing the menu structure, providing facilities for menu navigation and defining the selection methods for menu options. Input
34、design is concerned with how users input information into the system using various input devices. Menu options can be selected by means of one or more input devices such as an alphanumeric keyboard, function keys, cursor keys, pointing devices and voice (other devices are not excluded) depending on
35、the task at hand and dialogue requirements, as well as on individual preferences. IS0 9241-14 provides conditional recommendations for the use of each of the input devices listed above. Output design is concerned with how data should be presented consistently and perceptibly distinct on the display.
36、 IS0 924 1 - 14 provides conditional recommendations for the placement of options and Page 7 EN IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1999 option groups, the structure and syntax for textual, graphic and auditory options and presentation techniques to indicate option accessibility and discrimination. Providing users with
37、 the capability to alter the interface to suit their own needs has become a popular approach to software interface design. This is often a desirable feature of the interface. However, providing users with customization capabilities is not an acceptable substitute for ergonomically designed initial m
38、enus (Le., default menus). It should be noted that customization of the menus may result in deviations from IS0 924 1-1 4. Therefore, customization options also should be evaluated with respect to the recommendations in IS0 9241-14. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions wh
39、ich, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 9241. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 9241 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying
40、the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 9241 -8:-, Ergonomic requirements for ofice work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours. 3 Definitions For the
41、 purposes of this part of IS0 9241, the following definitions apply. 3.1 accelerator keys: Key combinations (sometimes called “shortcut keys“) which invoke a menu option without displaying the menu on which the option appears or intermediate menus. 3.2 cascading menu panels: Menu panels in a menu hi
42、erarchy displayed so that each submenu originates adjacent to the choice selected from the higher level menu (suggesting a “cascading“ effect). 3.3 critical option: Option with significant positive impact on system or task performance, or which can halt or reverse significant degradation to system o
43、r task performance (e.g. save the user or the system from disaster). 3.4 destructive option: Option which can seriously degrade system or task performance, or destroy work or data (e.g. deleting a file). 3.5 hierarchical menus: Series of menus which are structured in a hierarchical or “tree-like“ ma
44、nner, where the selection of an initial option leads to another menu containing additional options, which may lead to another menu, etc., until the desired results are obtained. 3.6 level: Nesting order within a menu hierarchy. The first choice level (initial, or main menu) in the hierarchy would be
45、 level I, the next choice level (obtained by a selection of a level 1 option) would be level 2. etc. NOTE 1 See figure 1 for an example of a two-level hierarchy displayed on the same menu panel. NOTE 2 If several groups of options are presented on a menu panel, but a selection from any of these grou
46、ps would lead to a lower level menu, these groups would be considered as at the same level. To be published Page 8 EN IS0 9241 -1 4 : 1999 3.7 level of experience: The relative amount of experience of (different) user segments of the user population. NOTE: The experience level of the user on compute
47、r systems as well as the experience level with the task domain are important considerations when deciding upon appropriate menu dialogue techniques. 3.8 list: Horizontal or vertical presentation of “data“ items in a display which usually changes according to the states of the application. NOTE: Alth
48、ough in some cases items can be selected from a list, only where items in the list are arranged or structured to optimize item choice such lists are considered menus. Additionally, those lists of items which exceed the display area (often called “scrollable menus“) should be considered lists and not
49、 menus. (Lists are covered in IS0 924 1 - 12.) 3.9 menu: Set of selectable options. NOTE: Menu options may be presented to the user by means of visual display devices (textually or symbolically), or audibly. A menu may contain multiple option groups, but unless only one choice is allowed across groups, each group would be considered a menu. Highlighted words, symbols, or other material in texts (sometimes called “implicit“ or “embedded“ menus) are not considered menus within the context of IS0 9241-14. 3.10 menu access: Method by which the user obtains the menu NOTE:
