1、June 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 21No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 01.040.13; 01.040.35; 13.
2、180; 35.180!$WwR“1528447www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 9241-302Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays (ISO 9241-302:2008)English version of DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion Teil 302: Terminologie fr elektronische optische
3、Anzeigen (ISO 9241-302:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06Together with DIN EN ISO 9241-303:2009-06, DIN EN ISO 9241-304:2009-06,DIN EN ISO 9241-305:2009-06 and DIN EN ISO 9241-307:2009-06 supersedes DIN EN 29241-3:1993-08;together with DIN EN ISO 9241-303:2009-06, DIN EN ISO 9241-305
4、:2009-06 andDIN EN ISO 9241-307:2009-06 supersedes DIN EN ISO 9241-7:1998-12 and DIN EN ISO 13406-2:2003-12;together with DIN EN ISO 9241-303:2009-06, DIN EN ISO 9241-304:2009-06, DIN EN ISO 9241-305:2009-06and DIN EN ISO 9241-307:2009-06 supersedes DIN EN 29241-3/A1:2002-07;together with DIN EN ISO
5、 9241-303:2009-06 and DIN EN ISO 9241-305:2009-06 supersedesDIN EN ISO 9241-8:1998-04;together with DIN EN ISO 9241-305:2009-06, supersedes DIN EN ISO 13406-1:2000-01Supersedes: see belowwww.beuth.deDocument comprises 61 pagesDIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 2 National foreword This standard has been pre
6、pared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics”, Subcommittee SC 4 “Ergonomics of human-system interaction”, Working Group WG 2 “Visual display requirements” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in it
7、s preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee NA 023-00-04 GA Ergonomie fr Informations-verarbeitungssysteme, Working Group NA 023-00-04-02 AK Visuelle Anforderungen an Bildschirme. ISO 9241 was originally developed as a seventeen-part In
8、ternational Standard on the ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals. As part of the standards review process, a major restructuring of ISO 9241 was agreed to broaden its scope, to incorporate other relevant standards and to make it more usable. The general title of the
9、revised ISO 9241, “Ergonomics of human-system interaction”, reflects these changes and aligns the standard with the overall title and scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Subcommittee SC 4. The revised multipart standard is structured as series of standards numbered in the “hundreds”: the 100 se
10、ries deals with software interfaces, the 200 series with human centred design, the 300 series with visual displays, the 400 series with physical input devices, and so on. See National Annex NA for an overview of the entire ISO 9241 series. Amendments The following changes have been made to DIN EN 29
11、241-3:1993-08, DIN EN 29241-3/A1:2002-07, DIN EN ISO 9241-7:1998-12, DIN EN ISO 9241-8:1998-04, DIN EN ISO 13406-1:2000-01 and DIN EN ISO 13406-2:2003-12: a) The terms and abbreviations from DIN EN 29241-3:1993-08, DIN EN ISO 9241-7:1998-12, DIN EN ISO 9241-8:1998-04, DIN EN ISO 13406-1:2000-01 and
12、DIN EN ISO 13406-2:2003-12 have been revised, unified and adopted in this standard. b) The requirements and recommendations for the design of visual displays and the ergonomic guidelines from DIN EN 29241-3:1993-08, DIN EN ISO 9241-7:1998-12, DIN EN ISO 9241-8:1998-04 and DIN EN ISO 13406-2:2003-12
13、have been revised and adopted in DIN EN ISO 9241-303. c) Requirements for new display technologies and applications (e.g. for screens in PDAs) have been included in DIN EN ISO 9241-303. d) The laboratory test methods from DIN EN 29241-3:1993-08, DIN EN ISO 9241-7:1998-12, DIN EN ISO 9241-8:1998-04,
14、DIN EN ISO 13406-1:2000-01 and DIN EN ISO 13406-2:2003-12 have been revised and adopted in DIN EN ISO 9241-305. e) DIN EN ISO 9241-307 now makes reference to the measurement procedures as outlined in DIN EN ISO 9241-305. f) The compliance test methods from DIN EN 29241-3:1993-08, DIN EN ISO 9241-7:1
15、998-12 and DIN EN ISO 13406-2:2003-12 have been revised and adopted in DIN EN ISO 9241-307. DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 3 Previous editions DIN EN 29241-3: 1993-08 DIN EN 29241-3/A1: 2002-07 DIN 66234-1: 1980-03 DIN 66234-2: 1983-05 DIN 66234-5: 1981-03 DIN 66234-6: 1984-12 DIN 66234-7: 1984-12 DIN
16、66234-9: 1988-08 DIN EN ISO 9241-7: 1998-12 DIN EN ISO 9241-8: 1998-04 DIN EN ISO 13406-1: 2000-01 DIN EN ISO 13406-2: 2003-12 DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 4 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 9241-300, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 300: Introduction to electronic v
17、isual display requirements DIN EN ISO 9241-302, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-303, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-304, Ergonomics of human-syste
18、m interaction Part 304: User performance test methods for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-305, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-306, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 306: Field assess
19、ment methods for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-307, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 9241-302 November 2008 ICS 01.040.13; 01.040.35; 13.180; 35.1
20、80 English Version Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays (ISO 9241-302:2008)Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme - Partie 302: Terminologie relative aux crans de visualisation lectroniques (ISO 9241-302:2008) Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Inter
21、aktion - Teil 302: Terminologie fr elektronische optische Anzeigen (ISO 9241-302:2008) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of
22、 a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A vers
23、ion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De
24、nmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALIS
25、ATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-302:2008: EEN ISO 9241-302:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Nor
26、mative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 3.1 Photometry.4 3.2 Colorimetry.7 3.3 Geometry, vision, surround and ergonomics 15 3.4 Display technology. 23 3.5 Virtual-image displays 35 3.6 Alphanumeric symbols 49 Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 series. 51 Bibliography. 55 Alphabeti
27、cal index . 56 DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 EN ISO 9241-302:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 9241-302:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This Europe
28、an Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of t
29、his document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European St
30、andard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdo
31、m. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9241-302:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9241-302:2008 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 EN ISO 9241-302:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This part of ISO 9241 provides a comprehensive terminology for electronic visual displays and explains the t
32、erms and definitions used in the other parts of ISO 9241. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc
33、luding any amendments) applies. CIE 17.4:1987, International Lighting Vocabulary1)IEC 60050-845 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Lighting 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 Photometry 3.1.1 arbitrary symbol symbol employing an extended subscript notation convention NOTE See Table 1 for an example
34、and its explanation. Table 1 Arbitrary symbol, Aill,object(mdir) Position Explanation Example Explanation for the example A Physical quantity L Luminance ill Illumination condition dark Darkroom condition object Measured object HS Measuring the high state mloc Measurement location CL Centre location
35、 mdir Measurement direction UL Upper left B Spectral wavelength 410 Wavelength = 410 nm NOTE If the position B is omitted, then it is not applicable, or refers to the V() corrected value. 1)International Commission on Illumination. DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 EN ISO 9241-302:2008 (E) 5 3.1.2 area lu
36、minance average luminance of an area of the screen or virtual image that has a diameter that subtends 2 to 10 NOTE 1 Unit: cd/m2. NOTE 2 It is also defined as the luminance of a circular area of the screen that has a diameter of at least 10 pixels. The point is to assure that the luminance of an ind
37、ividual pixel has less than a 2 % effect on the average luminance of the area being measured. 3.1.3 background luminance luminance of an area of the screen or virtual image with no graphic images present NOTE Unit: cd/m2. 3.1.4 contrast perceptual sense assessment of the difference in appearance of
38、two or more parts of a field seen simultaneously or successively (hence: brightness contrast, lightness contrast, colour contrast, etc.) CIE 17.4:1987, definition 845-02-47 3.1.5 Lamberts cosine law Lamberts law for a surface element whose radiance or luminance is the same in all directions of the h
39、emisphere above the surface I() = Incos() (1) where I() and Inare the radiant or luminous intensities of the surface element in a direction at an angle, , from the normal to the surface and in the direction of that normal, respectively CIE 17.4:1987, definition 845-04-56 3.1.6 Lambertian surface ide
40、al surface for which the radiation coming from that surface is distributed angularly according to Lamberts cosine law NOTE 1 For an ideal diffuse reflectance standard: STD= qSTD(2) where STDis the diffuse reflectance qSTDis the luminance coefficient. NOTE 2 See CIE 17.4:1987, definition 845-04-57. D
41、IN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 EN ISO 9241-302:2008 (E) 6 3.1.7 luminance contrast ratio between the higher luminance, LH, and lower luminance, LL, that define the feature to be detected NOTE 1 If measured by contrast modulation (or Michelson contrast) it is defined as: LHLHmLLLLC+= (3) or, if measured
42、by contrast ratio (CR), it is defined as: LHCRLL= (4) NOTE 2 Contrast ratio, CR, is often used for high luminances. When near the luminance detection threshold, some use the form (also known as Weber contrast): LLHWLLLC= (5) NOTE 3 For some but not all displays, area-luminance targets can be used to
43、 approximate the luminances that define the feature to be detected because pixels are discrete and near-area luminance is sufficiently uniform; see ISO 9241-3:1992, 2.22. 3.1.8 luminance coefficient qq at a surface element, in a given direction, under specified conditions of illumination quotient of
44、 the luminance of the surface element in the given direction by the illuminance of the medium NOTE 1 Unit: sr1. NOTE 2 If L is the luminance of a surface element and E is the illuminance upon that surface element, then luminance coefficient q is given by: ELq = (6) NOTE 3 See CIE 17.4:1987, definiti
45、on 845-04-71. 3.1.9 luminance factor at a surface element of a non-self-radiating medium, in a given direction, under specified conditions of illumination ratio of the luminance of the surface element in the given direction to that of a perfectly reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically illum
46、inated NOTE 1 Unit: 1. NOTE 2 Given the luminance, Lsample, of a surface element and the luminance, Lperfectdiffuser, of a perfect diffuser under the same illumination conditions, the luminance factor is given by: diffuserperfectsampleLL= (7) NOTE 3 See CIE 17.4:1987, definition 845-04-69. DIN EN IS
47、O 9241-302:2009-06 EN ISO 9241-302:2008 (E) 7 3.1.10 luminous flux Vquantity derived from radiant flux, e, by evaluating the radiation according to its action upon the CIE standard photometric observer NOTE See CIE 17.4:1987, definition 845-01-25. 3.1.11 optically anisotropic surface optical surface
48、 for which the radiation deviates from that of a Lambertian surface by more than 20 % at any inclination angle = =)vv(*L*v)uu(*L*u)/(Y/Y),Y/Y()/(*L)/(Y/Y,)Y/Y(*L/nn3nn3n31n13131161611611624when10884111624when(11) DIN EN ISO 9241-302:2009-06 EN ISO 9241-302:2008 (E) 10 where Y, u, v describe the colo
49、ur stimulus considered and Yn, un, vndescribe a specified white achromatic stimulus. NOTE 4 Approximate correlates of lightness, saturation, chroma and hue may be calculated as follows: CIE 1976 u, v saturation 2n2nuv)()(13 vvuus += (12) CIE 1976 u, v chroma () ()uv*2*2*uvsLvuC =+= (13) CIE 1976 u, v hue-angle =*nnuvarctanarctanuvuuvvh such that 0 huv0,4. The extreme regions are illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 Extreme red and extreme blue 3.2.25 spectrum locus locu
