1、September 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
2、ICS 13.080.30!$tX“1815396www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 23611-1Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms(ISO 23611-1:2006)English translation of DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09Bodenbeschaffenheit Probenahme von Wirbellosen im Boden Teil 1: Handauslese u
3、nd Formalinextraktion von Regenwrmern (ISO 23611-1:2006)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09Qualit du sol Prlvement des invertbrs du sol Partie 1: Tri manuel et extraction au formol des vers de terre (ISO 23611-1:2006)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09SupersedesDIN ISO
4、23611-1:2007-02www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 20 pages0 .118 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” in collaboration wit
5、h Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 119-01-02-04 UA Biologische Verfahren of NA 119-01-02 A
6、A Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchung. ISO 23611 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates: Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms Part 2: Sampling and extraction of micro-arthropods (Collembola and Acarina) Part 3: Sampling an
7、d soil extraction of enchytraeids Part 4: Sampling, extraction and identification of soil-inhabiting nematodes Part 5: Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates Part 6: Guidance for the design of sampling programmes with soil invertebratesExpert assistance and specialized laboratories will
8、 be required to perform the sampling procedures described in this standard. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 10381-1 DIN ISO 10381-1 ISO 10390 DIN ISO 10390 ISO 10694 DIN ISO 10694 ISO 11268-3 DIN ISO 11268-3 ISO 11272 DI
9、N ISO 11272 ISO 11274 DIN ISO 11274 ISO 11277 DIN ISO 11277 ISO 11461 DIN ISO 11461 ISO 11465 DIN ISO 11465 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 23611-1:2007-02 as follows: a) the text of DIN ISO 23611-1:2007-02 has been adopted as European Standard DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09. Previous edit
10、ions DIN ISO 23611-1: 2007-02 In preparation 1)2 1)1)DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 10381-1, Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes DIN ISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pH DIN ISO 10694, Soil quality Determ
11、ination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis) DIN ISO 11268-3, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms Part 3: Guidance of the determination of effects in field situations DIN ISO 11272, Soil quality Determination of dry bulk density DIN ISO 11274, Soil qual
12、ity Determination of the water retention characteristics Laboratory methods DIN ISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentation DIN ISO 11461, Soil quality Determination of soil water content as a volume fraction using
13、coring sleeves Gravimetric method DIN ISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method 3 DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09 4 DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 23611-1 J
14、uly 2011 ICS 13.080.30; 13.080.05 English Version Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms (ISO 23611-1:2006) Qualit du sol - Prlvement des invertbrs du sol - Partie 1: Tri manuel et extraction au formol des vers de terre (ISO 23611-1
15、:2006) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Wirbellosen im Boden - Teil 1: Handauslese und Formalinextraktion von Regenwrmern (ISO 23611-1:2006) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the c
16、onditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard ex
17、ists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national s
18、tandards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a
19、nd United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 2
20、3611-1:2011: EContents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Terms and definitions. 5 3 Principle. 6 4 Reagents 6 5 Apparatus 6 6 Procedure 7 6.1 Sampling of the earthworms . 7 6.2 Preservation 9 6.3 Determination of biomass 9 7 Data assessment. 9 8 Study report. 10 Annex A (informative) Oth
21、er methods for sampling. 11 Annex B (informative) Species determination in peregrine earthworms . 12 Annex C (informative) The modified TSBF Method 13 Bibliography . 1 2DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09 EN ISO 23611-1:2011 (E) 4Foreword The text of ISO 23611-1:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee
22、ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23611-1:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national s
23、tandard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig
24、hts. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
25、Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of IS
26、O 23611-1:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 23611-1:2011 without any modification. 3DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09 EN ISO 23611-1:2011 (E) Introduction This part of ISO 23611 has been drawn up since there is a growing need for the standardisation of terrestrial zoological field methods. Such met
27、hods, mainly covering the sampling, extraction and handling of soil invertebrates, are necessary for the following purposes: g127 biological classification of soils including soil quality assessment 21, 26, 34; g127 terrestrial bioindication and long-term monitoring9, 12, 28; g127 evaluation of the
28、effects of chemicals on soil animals (ISO 11268-3). Data for these purposes are gained by standardized methods since they can form the basis for far-reaching decisions (e.g. whether a given site should be remediated or not). In fact, the lack of such standardised methods is one of the most important
29、 reasons why bio-classification and bio-assessment in terrestrial (i.e. soil) habitats has so far relatively rarely been used in comparison to aquatic sites. Originally, the methods described here were developed for taxonomical and ecological studies, investigating the role of earthworms in various
30、soil ecosystems. These animals are without doubt the most important soil invertebrates in temperate regions and, to a lesser extent, in tropical soils 25, 13, 15. Since Darwin (1881), their influence on soil structure (e.g. aeration, water holding capacity) and soil functions like litter decompositi
31、on and nutrient cycling is well-known 8. Due to their often very high biomass they are also important in many terrestrial food-webs. Since it is neither possible nor useful to standardize methods for all soil organisms, the most important ones have been selected. 4DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09 EN ISO 2
32、3611-1:2011 (E) 1 Scope This part of ISO 23611 specifies a method for sampling and handling earthworms from field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bioindicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). Basic information on the ecology of earthworms and the
33、ir use as bioindicators in the terrestrial environment can be found in the references listed in the bibliography. This part of ISO 23611 applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which earthworms occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 10381-1 (see also Reference 38)
34、and guidance on the determination of effects of pollutants on earthworms in field situations is given in ISO 11268-3. These details can vary according to the national requirements or the climatic/regional conditions of the site to be sampled (see also Annex C). This part of ISO 23611 is not applicab
35、le for semi-terrestrial soils and it can be difficult to use under extreme climatic or geographical conditions (e.g. in high mountains). Methods for some other soil organism groups, such as collembolans, are covered in other parts of ISO 23611. This part of ISO 23611 does not cover the pedological c
36、haracterization of the site which is highly recommendable when sampling soil invertebrates. ISO 10390, ISO 10694, ISO 11272, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461 and ISO 11465 are more suitable for measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity. 2 T
37、erms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 earthworm megadrile soil-inhabiting earthworms (length of adult individuals: few centimetres to more than 1 m) belonging to the order Oligochaeta (class Clitellata, phylum Annelida) EXAMPLE Species
38、 of the families Lumbricidae (Holarctic), Glossoscolecidae (Latin America), Eudrilidae (Africa) or Megascolecidae Asia, North America (Pacific Coast). 2.2 peregrine species earthworms occurring in many regions world-wide today, usually introduced by man NOTE 1 Well-known examples of peregrine specie
39、s are several lumbricid species like Aporrectodea caliginosa (originally coming from Eurasia, but now living also in the Americas and Australia) or the pan-tropical species Pontoscolex corethrurus (probably coming from Northern Brazil and/or the Guyanas). NOTE 2 See Reference 15. 5DIN EN ISO 23611-1
40、:2011-09 EN ISO 23611-1:2011 (E) 2.3 clitellum ring or saddle of epidermal thickening only in mature worms which is near the anterior and eventually forms the cocoon 3 Principle Earthworms at a certain site are sampled from the soil by using a combination of two different methods: g127 hand-sorting
41、animals from a certain area (e.g. 0,25 m2) or volume (e.g. 50 cm g117 50 cm g117 20 cm); g127 extraction of worms from the soil by applying formalin. Both methods are well-known for a long time 5,20. After extraction, the earthworms are fixed and transported to the laboratory. There they are preserv
42、ed in a way that they can be stored in a collection indefinitely (e.g. for taxonomical purposes). In addition, the determination of the biomass of earthworms is described. Finally, abundance and biomass values can be recalculated to area (usually 1 m2) or, more rarely, volume parameters. NOTE 1 Alte
43、rnative methods can be useful under special circumstances (e.g. electrical extraction or the use of mustard as a chemical expellent), but cannot be recommended as a general procedure (see Annex A). In addition, the use of other extraction chemicals than formalin seems to have no advantages concernin
44、g extraction efficiency 11; 33. NOTE 2 The sampling of earthworms is often included in much broader monitoring programs, trying to cover the whole soil fauna or parts of it (e.g. the macrofauna). The design of such programs is not included in this part of ISO 236111. NOTE 3 Some hints for the taxono
45、my of peregrine (occurring in many regions world-wide) earthworms, mainly belonging to the family Lumbricidae, are given in Annex B. 4 Reagents 4.1 Formalin formaldehyde solution 4 % (volume fraction). 4.2 Formalin formaldehyde solution 37 % (volume fraction). 4.3 Ethanol, 70 % (volume fraction). 5
46、Apparatus Use standard laboratory equipment and the following. 5.1 Plastic vessels, capacities 250 ml and 500 ml, for storing the worms. 5.2 Plastic gloves. 5.3 Forceps. 5.4 Piece of thick plastic sheeting, 1 m2to 2 m2. 5.5 Spade or shovel. 5.6 Dissecting microscope, with low magnification (10 to 40
47、 times). 5.7 Balance, able to weigh from 0,01 g to 200 g. 5.8 Water-can, preferably 20 l, with water (20 l per sampling plot). 6DIN EN ISO 23611-1:2011-09 EN ISO 23611-1:2011 (E) 5.9 Watering can. 5.10 Pencil, notebook, water resistant marker, labels that go in the vessel. 5.11 Thermometer, e.g. for
48、 measuring air temperature. 5.12 Drying cabinet, for soil moisture determination. 6 Procedure 6.1 Sampling of the earthworms 6.1.1 General Sampling of earthworms is done by a combination of two different methods: hand-sorting and formalin extraction. Based on several comparative studies, this combination is clearly recommended in the various reviews on earthworm ecology (e.g. References 7, 8, 15). Sampling should be done at times of the year
