1、November 2016 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 81.060.30!%u“2588291www.din.deD
2、IN EN ISO 26423Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Determination of coating thickness by cratergrinding method (ISO 26423:2009);English version EN ISO 26423:2016,English translation of DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11Hochleistungskeramik Bestimmung der Schichtdicke mit dem Kalotte
3、nschleifverfahren (ISO 26423:2009);Englische Fassung EN ISO 26423:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11Cramiques techniques Dtermination de lpaisseur de revtement par la mthode de meulage de cratre (ISO 26423:2009);Version anglaise EN ISO 26423:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO
4、 26423:2016-11SupersedesDIN EN 10712:200302www.beuth.deDocument comprises 21 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.11.16 DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword The text of
5、ISO 26423:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” and has been taken over as EN ISO 26423:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss
6、 Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Steering Committee NA 062 BR since the parties concerned have not shown any interest in work on the subject. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in this document is as follows: ISO/IEC 17025 DIN EN ISO/
7、IEC 17025 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 1071-2:2003-02 as follows: a) in Clause 1 “Scope”, a restriction for rough coatings has been added; b) in Subclause 6.4 “Example of test parameters”, the NOTE relating to thin coatings has been rendered more precise; c) Clause 9 “Uncertainty and
8、 sources of error” has been added; d) Annex B “Estimating measurement uncertainty and errors” has been added; e) ISO 26423:2009 has been adopted. Previous editions DIN V ENV 1071-2: 1993-11 DIN EN 1071-2: 2003-02 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements
9、 for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 26423 April 2016 ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 1071-2:2002English Version Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of coating thickness by crater-g
10、rinding method (ISO 26423:2009) Cramiques techniques - Dtermination de lpaisseur de revtement par la mthode de meulage de cratre (ISO 26423:2009) Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Schichtdicke mit dem Kalottenschleifverfahren (ISO 26423:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 Marc
11、h 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtai
12、ned on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN
13、-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
14、 Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
15、 Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 26423:2016 EContents Page European foreword. 3 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Symbols . 5 4 Principle. 7 5 Sampling 7 6 Test proc
16、edure 7 6.1 General. 7 6.2 Preparation for the test 8 6.3 Test parameters 8 6.4 Example of test parameters. 9 7 Microscopic examination and measurement. 9 7.1 Examination. 9 7.2 Measurement. 9 8 Calculations. 10 9 Uncertainty and sources of error 11 10 Test report . 11 Annex A (informative) Errors a
17、ssociated with using different formulae for calculating film thickness . 13 Annex B (informative) Estimating measurement uncertainty and errors. 16 Bibliography . 19 DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 EN ISO 26423:2016 (E) 2Foreword. 4 European foreword The text of ISO 26423:2009 has been prepared by Technica
18、l Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 26423:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of
19、 a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
20、of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1071-2:2002. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Eu
21、ropean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, S
22、lovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 26423:2009 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 26423:2016 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 EN ISO 26423:2016 (E)3 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization)
23、is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be repres
24、ented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are
25、drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
26、 Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 26423 was prepa
27、red by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics. DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 EN ISO 26423:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the thickness of ceramic coatings by a crater-grinding method, which includes the grinding of a spherical cavity and
28、subsequent microscopic examination of the crater. Because of the uncertainty introduced into the measurement of crater dimensions, the test is not suitable for use where the surface roughness of the coating and/or substrate exceeds 20 % of the coating thickness. NOTE An alternative method for measur
29、ement of thickness, using a contact probe profilometer, is given in ISO 18452. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the ref
30、erenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings Balls Part 1: Steel balls ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 3 Symbols For the purpose of this document, the following symbols apply. D best estimate of
31、the outer diameter of the crater, at the surface of the coating, in micrometres (see Figure 1); d best estimate of the inner diameter of the crater, defined by the bottom of the coating layer, in micrometres (see Figure 1); h thickness of the coating, in micrometres (see Figure 1); m subscript indic
32、ating mean value (Dm, dm, Xm, Ym). rbradius of the ball, in micrometres (see Figure 1); rsradius of curvature of specimen; lTtotal penetration depth of the ball, in micrometres (see Figure 1); ltpenetration depth of the ball in the substrate, in micrometres (see Figure 1); DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 E
33、N ISO 26423:2016 (E)5 X distance, on a coplanar projection of the two craters, between the periphery of the outer crater and a diametrically equivalent point on the same side of the inner crater, in micrometres (see Figure 1); Y distance, on a coplanar projection of the two craters, between the peri
34、phery of the outer crater and a diametrically equivalent point on the opposite side of the inner crater, in micrometres (see Figure 1). Key 1 coating 2 substrate Figure 1 Principal dimensions used in the test method DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 EN ISO 26423:2016 (E) 6 4 Principle Coating thickness often
35、 plays a major role in the performance of coated tools and machine parts. Many different techniques have been developed for assessing the coating thickness. Among these, the crater-grinding method and the step height method (see ISO 18452) are easy to perform and applicable to most coated systems. T
36、he method is simple and straightforward. A crater is ground into the coated part by means of a rotating ball wetted by an abrasive slurry. The thickness of the coating is derived from the ball and crater dimensional characteristics. Contrast between the different materials constituting the coating a
37、nd substrate is a prerequisite for the method, to enable detection of the interface between the coating and the surface. Test specimens should be either flat or cylindrical. Flatness can be considered as sufficient if the local specimen radius of curvature, rs, satisfies the relation rs 100 rb(for e
38、rror u 1 %). 5 Sampling A representative test specimen of the product under test shall be used. Test pieces shall be coated original items or, where this is not possible, items made in the same way as the batch to be tested. For large parts, separate manufacturing of the test piece may be necessary.
39、 6 Test procedure 6.1 General A ball wetted by an abrasive slurry is rotated against the surface of the test piece. A spherical wear crater is produced, and the test is finished when the depth of penetration of the spherical crater is greater than the coating thickness. The coating thickness is then
40、 derived from the dimensions of the wear scars (full crater and substrate crater diameters) and the ball diameter. Different test rig set-ups may be used. The ball can be rotated freely on a drive shaft, whereby its mass is used to produce the contact load, or it may be clamped in the drive axis whi
41、le the specimen is loaded by means of a lever system. A typical arrangement is shown in Figure 2. Alternatively, a wheel instead of a ball may be used, in which case the sample shall also be rotated (this is the same principle as used with dimple grinders for the preparation of TEM specimens). Diffe
42、rent abrasives (e.g. diamond, alumina, silica) can be used, and commercially available suspensions based on alcohol, oil or water may be applied. The abrasive slurry may be smeared onto the ball surface prior to testing, but more repeatable measurements are achieved when the abrasive slurry is drip-
43、fed into the contact region, e.g. by peristaltic pumping of a stirred suspension. The grain size of the abrasive shall be small enough to avoid roughening of the crater borders. For example, 1 m diamond paste suspended in ethanol is often used. DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 EN ISO 26423:2016 (E)7 Key 1 b
44、all 2 specimen Other orientations may also be used. Figure 2 Example of test assembly 6.2 Preparation for the test Ensure that the specimen and ball are clean. Ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min in fresh petroleum ether followed by drying in ambient air is usually sufficient. The suitability of the ball
45、shall be determined by measuring 10 diameters at random. A ball shall be rejected if the difference between any two measurements exceeds 5 m (the maximum allowable value of VDWSfor grade G 200 balls as given in ISO 3290-1), or if scratches visible to the naked eye are present on the surface. Prepare
46、 a slurry of abrasive particles in a diluting agent. Position the test piece on a stable support. The abrasive slurry should be well stirred to ensure a uniform dispersion of abrasive particles. Hardened steel balls for rolling bearings, having a specified diameter and surface finish in accordance w
47、ith ISO 3290-1, can be used. 6.3 Test parameters The test-specific parameters include: a) ball diameter; b) contact load; c) sliding speed; d) composition and concentration of the abrasive suspension; e) slurry feed rate; f) duration of the test. DIN EN ISO 26423:2016-11 EN ISO 26423:2016 (E) 8 The specimen-specific parameters include: surface quality (roughness, cleanliness); and optical contrast between coating(s) and substrate. 6.4 Example of test parameters Typical operating parameters are as follows: a) ball diameter: 25 mm; b) contact load: 0,25 N; c) rotational speed of ball
