1、November 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 13.180!$x6k“1851972www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 26800Ergonomics General approach, principles and concepts (ISO 26800:2011)English translation of DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11Ergonomie Genereller Ansatz, Prinzipien und Konzepte (ISO 26800:2011)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11Ergonomie Approch
3、e gnrale, principes et concepts (ISO 26800:2011)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 26 pages11.11 DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National fore
4、word This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics”, Subcommittee SC 1 “General ergonomics principles” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in it
5、s preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 023-00-01 GA Grundstze der Ergonomie. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 6385:2004 DIN EN ISO 6385:2004-05 ISO 9241-2 DI
6、N EN 29241-2 ISO 9241-11 DIN EN ISO 9241-11 ISO 9241-2 DIN EN ISO 9241-20 ISO 9241-110 DIN EN ISO 9241-110 ISO 9241-210 DIN EN ISO 9241-210 ISO 10075 DIN EN ISO 10075-1 ISO 11064 DIN EN ISO 11064 ISO 14738 DIN EN ISO 14738 ISO 15265 DIN EN ISO 15265 ISO/TR 22411 DIN CEN ISO/TR 22411 ISO 24500 DIN EN
7、 ISO 24500 ISO 26000 DIN ISO 26000 ISO/IEC Guide 71 DIN-Fachbericht 131 DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 6385:2004-05, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems DIN EN 29241-2, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display termi
8、nals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements DIN EN ISO 9241-11, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability DIN EN ISO 9241-20, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for information/communication
9、technology (ICT) equipment and services DIN EN ISO 9241-110, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 110: Dialogue principles DIN EN ISO 9241-210, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems DIN EN ISO 10075-1, Ergonomic principles related to men
10、tal work-load Part 1: General terms and definitions DIN EN ISO 11064 (all parts), Ergonomic design of control centres DIN EN ISO 14738, Safety of machinery Anthropometric requirements for the design of workstations at machinery DIN EN ISO 15265, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Risk assessment
11、strategy for the prevention of stress or discomfort in thermal working conditions DIN CEN ISO/TR 22411, Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities1)DIN EN ISO 24500, Ergonomics Ac
12、cessible design Auditory signals for consumer products DIN ISO 26000, Guidance on social responsibility DIN-Fachbericht 131, Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities 1)In preparation. DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11 4 This page is intentionally
13、 blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 26800 August 2011 ICS 01.040.13; 13.180 English Version Ergonomics - General approach, principles and concepts (ISO 26800:2011) Ergonomie - Approche gnrale, principes et concepts (ISO 26800:2011) Ergonomie - Genereller Ansatz, Prinzipie
14、n und Konzepte (ISO 26800:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 August 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date
15、 lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation u
16、nder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Franc
17、e, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR
18、NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 26800:2011: EEN ISO 26800:2011 (E) 2 Contents PageForeword3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Terms and definitions .53 Th
19、e ergonomics approach74 Principles of ergonomics84.1 General84.2 Human-centred.94.3 Criteria-based evaluation115 Concepts in ergonomics.115.1 General115.2 The system concept 125.3 Load-effects concept.135.4 Usability 145.5 Accessibility.156 The ergonomics-oriented design process 166.1 General166.2 B
20、asic requirements for an ergonomics-oriented design process167 Conformity17Annex A (informative) Sustainability.18Annex B (informative) Textual descriptions of the figures for visually impaired readers.19Bibliography 21DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11 EN ISO 26800:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 2
21、6800:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text o
22、r by endorsement, at the latest by February 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsib
23、le for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
24、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 26800:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 2
25、6800:2011 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11 EN ISO 26800:2011 (E) 4 Introduction Human, technological, economic, environmental and organizational factors all affect the behaviour, activities and well-being of people in work, domestic and leisure contexts. The science of ergonomics h
26、as evolved from its origins in the context of work to embrace many other fields of application, such as home and leisure. However, whatever the context, the underlying principles of ergonomics remain the same, although the relative emphasis placed on them will vary. These principles are fundamental
27、to the design process wherever human involvement is expected, in order to ensure the optimum integration of human requirements and characteristics into a design. This International Standard considers systems, users, workers, tasks, activities, equipment and the environment as the basis for optimizin
28、g the match between them. These principles and concepts serve to improve safety, performance and usability (effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction), while safeguarding and enhancing human health and well-being, and improving accessibility (e.g. for elderly persons and persons with disabilities).
29、 Ergonomics covers a wide range of issues, including physical, cognitive, social and organizational. These are ideally addressed within an integrated framework. A substantial number of ergonomics standards have been developed to cover specific issues and different application domains. All depend upo
30、n the basic principles and concepts that are fundamental to the ergonomics approach to design. This International Standard has been developed in order to provide an integrated framework, bringing together the basic principles and concepts of ergonomics in one document, and thus providing a high-leve
31、l view of the way in which ergonomics is applied. NOTE 1 ISO 63852remains a high-level International Standard for work systems. NOTE 2 A complete list of current published ergonomics International Standards can be accessed via http:/www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?
32、commid=53348 characteristics of the intended target population (see 4.2.2); goals to be achieved and tasks to be performed (see 4.2.3); existing constraints (e.g. legacy equipment or processes, economic or legal issues); factors of the physical, organizational and social environment (see 4.2.4); lif
33、e cycle and any dynamic changes within it (see Clause 6). In order to achieve optimized system performance, all these factors shall be taken into account. Figure 1 provides an example of factors to be taken into account in an ergonomics approach. It shows the activity of a person as central to the f
34、unctionality of the system. Additional factors might be identified for a particular context. NOTE 2 A textual description of Figure 1 is given in B.2. NOTE 3 The analysis of variations in activities in the context of use helps in the understanding of potential effects on health and safety and, on th
35、e other hand, quantitative and qualitative results. DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11 EN ISO 26800:2011 (E) 8 Figure 1 Example of factors to be taken into account in optimizing system performance In its simplest form, the system consists of a human and at least one other element (human, machine or environmen
36、t) interacting within a specific context. More complex systems involve further elements (e.g. humans, machines or equipment). All such systems can be found in different contexts such as work, public life, leisure, etc. In the context of work, these systems are called work systems. NOTE 4 An example
37、of a simple system is given in 5.2 and Figure 2 (see also Annex B). NOTE 5 A more detailed account of designing work systems can be found in ISO 63852. This International Standard includes both principles (see Clause 4) and concepts (see Clause 5). The principles are fundamental to an ergonomics-ori
38、ented design process (see Clause 6) and serve to distinguish an ergonomics approach from other approaches that do not observe these principles. To meet the main goal of ergonomics, i.e. optimizing system performance, the principles presented in Clause 4 shall be applied. Concepts provide the means f
39、or interpreting, addressing and evaluating design from an ergonomics perspective. Those presented in this International Standard have previously been successfully applied in specific contexts to achieve an ergonomic design outcome that meets ergonomics goals and can be helpful in other contexts, alt
40、hough they are not necessarily universally applicable. The concepts described in Clause 5 shall be applied where appropriate. 4 Principles of ergonomics 4.1 General This clause presents the principles which are fundamental to an ergonomics approach. These place the human at the centre of the ergonom
41、ics approach to design (human-centred, see 4.2), taking into account the diversity of the human population (target population, see 4.2.2) and the implications of the task for the human (task oriented, see 4.2.3), as well as the environment in which the outcome of the design is to be used (environmen
42、tal context, see 4.2.4). Finally, it emphasises the basic ergonomics criteria which need to be applied in evaluating the design (criteria-based evaluation, see 4.3). DIN EN ISO 26800:2011-11 EN ISO 26800:2011 (E) 9 4.2 Human-centred 4.2.1 General An ergonomics approach to design shall be human-centr
43、ed. This means that all designable components of a system, product or service are fitted to the characteristics of the intended users, operators or workers, rather than selecting and/or adapting humans to fit the system, product or service. This should be done by consideration of the intended target
44、 population, the task, goal or intended outcome of the system, product or service, and the environment in which the design is to function. From an ergonomics point of view, selection and training strategies are no substitute for an appropriate design of systems, products or services, although some s
45、election and training can still be required. Those affected by the design (e.g. workers or users) should be involved throughout the whole design process, including evaluation. This will help to optimize solutions (e.g. by providing specific experience and requirements). Their early and continued par
46、ticipation and involvement is regarded as an efficient design strategy within ergonomics. NOTE For a more detailed description of the human-centred approach for interactive systems, see, for example, ISO 9241-2108. 4.2.2 Target population The target population shall be identified and described. The
47、human population is very diverse. Humans vary in their physical dimensions and in their biomechanical, sensory and cognitive capabilities. This is why ergonomics design is usually orientated towards a specified target population, not towards one individual or the entire population. Discrimination le
48、ading to unfair treatment (e.g. on the basis of gender, age or disability) shall be avoided in identifying and specifying the target population (see ILO Convention No.11122). NOTE 1 In particular circumstances (e.g. rehabilitation), the target population might be one person. NOTE 2 Target population
49、s may change over time and any such trends need to be considered. NOTE 3 The inclusion of older persons and people with disabilities in the target population and designing accordingly can help to improve the accessibility of a system, product or service (see ISO/IEC Guide 7120and ISO/TR 2241117). The characteristics of the target population relevant to the design shall be identified and their range of variation within the intended target population specified (e.g. body size, visual abil
