1、February 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 14No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).!$W/“1522512www.din.deDDI
2、N ISO 18589-1Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 1: General guidelines and definitions (ISO 18589-1:2005)English version of DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02Ermittlung der Radioaktivitt in der Umwelt Erdboden Teil 1: Allgemeiner Leitfaden und Begriffe (ISO 18589-1:2005)Englische Fassung
3、DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02www.beuth.deDocument comprises 19 pagesICS 13.080.01; 17.240DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02 2 Contents Page National foreword . 3 National Annex NA (informative) Relationship between European Standards and International Standards 4 National Annex NB (informative) Bibliography . 5 Intr
4、oduction . 6 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 3.1 General terms. 8 3.2 Terms relating to soils 8 3.3 Terms relating to sampling. 8 4 Symbols 11 5 Origins of the radioactivity in soils 11 5.1 Natural radioactivity 11 5.2 Other sources of radioactivity in soils 12 6 Objec
5、tives of the study of soil radioactivity . 12 7 Principles and requirements of the study of soil radioactivity. 14 7.1 Planning process Sampling strategy and plan 15 7.2 Sampling process 15 7.3 Laboratory process . 16 7.4 General procedural requirements 17 7.5 Documentation. 18 Bibliography 19 DIN I
6、SO 18589-1:2009-02 3 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy”, Subcommittee SC 2 “Radiation protection”. The responsible German bodies involved in its preparation were the DKE Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik
7、 im DIN und VDE (German Commission for Electrotechnical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology of DIN and VDE) and the Normenausschuss Radiologie (Radiology Standards Committee) in the Joint Committee GUK 967.2 Aktivittsmessgerte fr den Strahlenschutz, Joint Working Group GAK 967.2.2 Um
8、weltmessungen. DIN ISO 18589 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil: Part 1: General guidelines and definitions Part 2: Sampling strategy, sampling, and pre-treatment of samples Part 3: Measurements of gamma emitting radionuclide
9、s Part 4: Measurement of plutonium isotopes (plutonium 238 and plutonium 239 + 240) by alpha spectrometry (at draft stage) Part 5: Measurements of strontium 90 (at draft stage) Part 6: Measurements of gross alpha and gross beta activities (at draft stage) DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02 4 National Annex NA
10、(informative) Relationship between European Standards and International Standards For undated references in the normative text (reference to a standard without a date and without reference to a specific subclause, table, figure, etc.), the latest valid edition of the referenced standard applies. For
11、 dated references in the normative text, only the edition cited applies. The relationship between a cited standard and the relevant German Standard can be seen in Table NA.1. Table NA.1 European Standard International Standard German Standard VDE classification ISO 10381-1:2002 DIN ISO 10381-1:2003-
12、08 ISO 10381-2:2002 DIN ISO 10381-2:2003-08 ISO 10381-3:2001 DIN ISO 10381-3:2002-08 ISO 10381-4:2003 DIN ISO 10381-4:2004-04 ISO 11074-1:1996 and ISO 11074-2:1998 DIN ISO 11074-1:1997-06 Replaced with ISO 11074:2005 + Cor.:2006 see E DIN ISO 11074:2006-06 ISO 11464:2006 DIN ISO 11464:2006-12 ISO 11
13、929-7:2005 DIN 25482-10:2000-05 Under revision. Currently at draft stage ISO/DIS 11929:2008 see DIN VDE 0493 Supplement 1 (VDE 0493 Supplement 1):2006-09 and draft E DIN ISO 11929:2008-06 VDE 0493 Supplement 1 EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 ISO/IEC 17025:2005 DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005-08 ENV 13005:1999 GUM:1
14、995 DIN V ENV 13005:1999-06 IEC/TR 62461:2006 For radiation measurements see DIN VDE 0493 Supplement 2 (VDE 0493 Supplement 2): 2007-06 VDE 0493 Supplement 2 DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02 5 National Annex NB (informative) Bibliography DIN 25482-10:2000-05, Detection limit and decision threshold for ionizi
15、ng radiation measurements Part 10: General applications DIN V ENV 13005:1999-06, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement DIN ISO 10381-1:2003-08, Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes DIN ISO 10381-2:2003-08, Soil quality Sampling Part 2: Guidance
16、on sampling techniques DIN ISO 10381-3:2002-08, Soil quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on safety DIN ISO 10381-4:2004-04, Soil quality Sampling Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites DIN ISO 11074-1:1997-06, Soil quality Vocabulary Part 1: T
17、erms and definitions relating to the protection and pollution of the soil E DIN ISO 11074:2006-06, Soil quality Vocabulary DIN ISO 11464:2006-12, Soil quality Pretreatment of samples for physico-chemical analysis E DIN ISO 11929:2008-06, Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold
18、, detection limit and limits of the confidence interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation Fundamentals and application DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005-08, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories DIN VDE 0493 Supplement 1 (VDE 0493 Supplement 1):2006-09, Radiat
19、ion protection instrumentation Supplement 1: Detection limit and decision threshold for ionizing radiation measurements Directions on the application of the standards series ISO 11929 and DIN 25482 DIN VDE 0493 Supplement 2 (VDE 0493 Supplement 2):2007-06, Radiation protection instrumentation Determ
20、ination of uncertainty in measurement (IEC/TR 62461:2006) DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02 6 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 1: General guidelines and definitions Introduction This document was prepared following discussions during meetings of WG 17 in Tokyo 2000-05-8/10, Recife 200
21、1-09-17/19, Paris 2002-01-15/16, Paris 2002-03-26/27, Ringhals 2002-05-27/29, Paris 2002-10-14/15, Paris 2003-03-03/04, Paris 2003-06-16/17 and Paris 2003-12-08/09. This part of ISO 18589 has been prepared simultaneously with five other parts concerning the measurements of radioactivity in the soil
22、environment, and is complementary to the latter documents. ISO 18589 Parts 1 to 6 are addressed to those responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soils. This International Standard is published in several parts to be used jointly or separately according to needs. Parts 1 and 2 are ge
23、neral in nature. Parts 3 to 5 deal with nuclide-specific measurements, Part 6 with non-specific measurements of gross alpha or gross beta activities. Further parts may be added to this International Standard in the future if the standardization of measurements of other radionuclides becomes necessar
24、y. 1 Scope This part of ISO 18589 specifies the general requirements to carry out radionuclides tests on soil sample, including sampling. This part of ISO 18589 is addressed to people responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soils for the purpose of radiation protection. This may con
25、cern soils from gardens and farmland, urban or industrial sites, as well as soil not affected by human activities. This part of ISO 18589 is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel or the extent of the scope of testing activities. When a laboratory does not undertake one
26、 or more of the activities covered by this part of ISO 18589, such as planning, sampling or testing, the requirements of those clauses do not apply. This part of ISO 18589 is to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO 18589 that outline the setting up of programmes and sampling techniques, me
27、thods of general processing of samples in the laboratory and also methods for measuring the radioactivity in soil. Its purpose is the following: define the main terms relating to soils, sampling, radioactivity and its measurement; describe the origins of the radioactivity in soils; define the main o
28、bjectives of the study of radioactivity in soil samples; present the principles of studies of soil radioactivity; identify the analytical and procedural requirements when measuring radioactivity in soil. This part of ISO 18589 is applicable if radionuclide measurements for the purpose of radiation p
29、rotection are to be made in the following cases: initial characterization of radioactivity in the environment; DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02 7 routine surveillance of the impact of nuclear installations or of the evolution of the general territory; investigations of accident and incident situations; plann
30、ing and surveillance of remedial action; decommissioning of installations or clearance of materials. This part of ISO 18589 is not intended to cover scientific investigations of soil radioactivity and therefore does not apply to aspects of such measurements. 2 Normative references The following refe
31、renced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 11074-1:1996, Soil quality Vocabulary Part 1: Terms and definit
32、ions relating to the protection and pollution of the soil ISO 11074-2:1998, Soil quality Vocabulary Part 2: Terms and definitions relating to sampling ISO 10381-1:2002, Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes ISO 10381-2:2002, Soil quality Sampling Part 2: Guidanc
33、e on sampling techniques ISO 10381-3:2001, Soil quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on safety ISO 11464, Soil Quality Pretreatment of samples for physico-chemical analyses ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories ISO 11929-7:2005, Determination of
34、the detection limit and decision threshold for ionizing radiation measurements Part 7: Fundamentals and general applicationsN1)GUM:1995, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, first edition BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIMLN2)N1) National footnote: ISO 11929-7 is not included in th
35、e original ISO Standard, but reference is made to it in subclause 7.4. The standards series ISO 11929 is currently under revision and the contents of all parts will be combined in one standard, see draft Standard E DIN ISO 11929:2008-06, Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold
36、, detection limit and limits of the confidence interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation Fundamentals and application (ISO/DIS 11929:2008). N2) National footnote: See also DIN V ENV 13005:1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement; for radiation measurements see DIN VDE 0493
37、Supplement 2 (VDE 0493 Supplement 2):2007-06, Radiation protection instrumentation Determination of uncertainty in measurement (IEC/TR 62461:2006). DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02 8 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of all parts of ISO 18589, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the follo
38、wing apply. 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 routine surveillance surveillance carried out periodically and designed to observe the potential changes of the soils radioactive characteristics 3.1.2 analysis for characterization set of observations that contribute, at a given time, to the characterization of t
39、he radioactive properties of a soil sample with a view to use them later as reference data NOTE The test report may include other data characterizing the site studied. 3.1.3 vertical distribution of the radioactivity determination of the radioactivity in the layers of soil sampled at different depth
40、s which describe the vertical profile of the distribution by a radionuclide or a group of radionuclides 3.2 Terms relating to soils 3.2.1 soil upper layer of the Earths crust composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms 3.2.2 herbaceous cover lower stratum of vegeta
41、tion made up essentially of various herbaceous species found for example in meadows, lawns or fallow fields 3.2.3 soil horizon basic layer of soil, which is more or less parallel to the surface and is homogeneous in appearance for most morphological characteristics (colour, texture, structure, etc.)
42、 NOTE The succession of soil horizons makes up a soil profile and allows, on the basis of certain analytical criteria, the morphogenetic nature of the soil to be defined. 3.3 Terms relating to sampling The following definitions are adaptations of the definitions taken from ISO 11074 and ISO 10381. 3
43、.3.1 sample portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material, collected and taken away for testing 3.3.2 sampling defined procedure whereby a part of the soil is taken for testing NOTE 1 In certain cases, the sample might not be representative but is determined by availability. DIN IS
44、O 18589-1:2009-02 9 NOTE 2 Sampling procedures shall describe all the processes necessary to provide the laboratory with the samples required to reach the objectives of the study of the soil radioactivity. This will include the selection, sampling plan, withdrawal and preparation of the samples from
45、 the soil. 3.3.3 sampling strategy set of technical principles that aim to resolve, depending on the objectives and site considered, the two main issues which are the sampling density and the spatial distribution of the sampling areas NOTE The sampling strategy provides the set of technical options
46、that will be required in the sampling plan. 3.3.4 sampling area area from which the different samples are collected NOTE A site can be divided into several sampling areas. 3.3.5 sampling plan precise protocol that, depending on the application of the principles of the strategy adopted, defines the s
47、patial and temporal dimensions of sampling, the frequency, the sample number, the quantities sampled, etc., and the human resources to be used for the sampling operation 3.3.6 random sampling collecting samples at random in space and time from the sampling area 3.3.7 systematic sampling collecting s
48、amples by some systematic method in space and time from the sampling area 3.3.8 random systematic sampling collecting samples at random from each sampling unit from a set of systematically defined sampling units 3.3.9 sampling unit section of the sampling area whose limits can be physical or hypothe
49、tical NOTE Sampling units are obtained by dividing the sampling area into grid box units according to the sampling pattern. 3.3.10 sampling pattern system of sampling locations based on the results of statistical procedures NOTE This leads to a set of predetermined sampling points designed to monitor one or more specified sites. The sampling area is divided into several sampling units or basic grid box units, which are usually sq
