1、December 2016 English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.100!%)“2589606www.din.deDIN
2、ISO 2137Petroleum products and lubricants Determination of cone penetration of lubricating greases and petrolatum (ISO 2137:2007),English translation of DIN ISO 2137:2016-12Minerallerzeugnisse und Schmierstoffe Bestimmung der Konuspenetration von Schmierfetten und Petrolatum (ISO 2137:2007),Englisch
3、e bersetzung von DIN ISO 2137:2016-12Produits ptroliers et lubrifiants Dtermination de la pntrabilit au cne des graisses lubrifiantes et des ptrolatums (ISO 2137:2007),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 2137:2016-12SupersedesDIN ISO 2137:199708www.beuth.deDocument comprises 27 pagesDTranslation by DIN-S
4、prachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.11.16 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page National foreword. 3 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Principle7 5 Apparatus .8 6 Sampling.10 7 Proc
5、edures for determining the cone penetration of lubricating grease Full-scale methods 19 7.1 Procedure for unworked penetration.19 7.2 Procedure for worked penetration.20 7.3 Procedure for prolonged worked penetration 21 7.4 Procedure for block penetration 21 8 Procedures for determining the cone pen
6、etration of lubricating grease Half- and quarter-scale cone method.22 8.1 General22 8.2 Procedure for unworked penetration.22 8.3 Procedure for worked penetration.23 9 Procedure for determining the cone penetration of petrolatum.23 9.1 Preparation of the test portion .23 9.2 Penetration measurement.
7、24 10 Calculation24 10.1 Calculation of full-scale penetration24 10.2 Conversion to full-scale penetration for the half- and quarter-scale cones24 11 Expression of results 24 12 Precision.25 12.1 General25 12.2 Repeatability.25 12.3 Reproducibility.25 13 Test report 26 Bibliography 27 National Annex
8、 NA (informative) Bibliography4DIN ISO 2137:2016-12 2 National foreword This document (ISO 2137:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 “Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or biological origin” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved i
9、n its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-06-62 AA Prfung von Schmierfetten of the Fachausschuss Minerall- und Brennstoffnormung (FAM). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some elements of this document may b
10、e the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 4259:2006 DIN EN ISO 4259:2006-10 ISO 6743-99:2002 DIN ISO 6743-99:2012-12
11、Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 2137:1997-08 as follows: a) Clause 2 “Normative references” and the “Bibliography” have been added; b) the scope has been reduced to penetrations up to 500 units; c) the dimensional tolerances of cones have been adapted to suit commercial practice; d) Cl
12、ause 6 “Sampling” has been added; e) Clause 8 “Procedures for determining the cone penetration of lubricating grease Half- and quarter-scale cone method” has been extended; f) the precision for the full-scale cone has been amended; g) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN
13、51804: 1957-07, 1959-04 DIN 51804-1: 1965-07, 1972-01 DIN 51804-2: 1966-02, 1969-01, 1978-06 DIN ISO 2137: 1981-12, 1997-08 3DIN ISO 2137:2016-12 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 4259:2006-10, Petroleum products Determination and application of precision data in relation to me
14、thods of test (ISO 4259:2006) DIN ISO 6743-99:2012-12, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) Classification Part 99: General (ISO 6743-99:2002) DIN ISO 2137:2016-12 4 Introduction ISO 2137 was first published in 1972. A second edition was issued in 1985. This third edition cance
15、ls and replaces the first two editions, of which it constitutes a technical revision. The revision mainly concerns the dimensional tolerances of the various cones, to better fit with what is available from laboratory equipment suppliers. This revision is necessary because of all the quality plans an
16、d data integrity programmes established by numerous laboratories to comply with the various ISO quality standards. These quality standards require the total compliance of the cones with the dimensions indicated in ISO 2137. Unfortunately, most of the cones available do not conform to ISO 2137:1985 a
17、nd users were obliged to establish waivers, which was difficult to justify to quality auditors. In the present edition of ISO 2137, the dimensional tolerances have been enlarged to allow most of the cones to fulfil the new requirements. A round-robin test has been performed with cones conforming to
18、these new requirements and has demonstrated that the precision of the method is not altered by this change in the tolerances. Tolerances have been retained only on the characteristics where it has been established that they have a direct impact on the penetration determination, i.e. tip angle, tip h
19、eight, tip top thickness, tip base diameter, cone angle, total mass of cone plus movable attachments. Petroleum products and lubricants Determination of cone penetration of lubricating greases and petrolatum DIN ISO 2137:2016-12 5 WARNING The use of this International Standard can involve hazardous
20、materials, operations and equipment. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
21、 regulatory limitations prior to use. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies several methods for the empirical estimation of the consistency of lubricating greases and petrolatum by measuring the penetration of a standardized cone. The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) classifies g
22、reases according to their consistency, as measured by the 60 strokes worked penetration. The NLGI classification includes nine consistency numbers or grades, each grade corresponding to a given range of worked penetration. The NLGI classification is given in ISO 6743-99. Clause 7 of this Internation
23、al Standard specifies four procedures for determining the consistency of lubricating greases by measuring the penetration of a full-scale cone. These procedures cover the measurement of unworked, worked, prolonged worked, and block penetrations. Penetrations up to 500 units can be measured. Clause 8
24、 of this International Standard specifies methods for determining the consistency of lubricating greases when only small samples are available, by the use of cones a half-scale or quarter-scale of that used in Clause 7. The methods are applicable to greases having penetrations of 175 units to 385 un
25、its with the full-scale cone and are intended for use only if the size of the test sample prevents the use of cones described in Clause 7. They are not intended to replace the full-scale penetration as described in Clause 7, although a conversion to full-scale penetration is given in 10.2. See 8.1 f
26、or the limitations on the use of one-quarter-scale cones due to the poor precision. NOTE 1 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases. NOTE 2 Penetrat
27、ion of block greases can be obtained on those products that are sufficiently hard to hold their shape. These greases generally have penetrations below 85 units. Clause 9 of this International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the consistency of petrolatum by measurement of the pen
28、etration of a full-scale cone, having penetrations up to 300 units. This method can also be used to estimate the consistency of slack waxes. DIN ISO 2137:2016-12 6 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
29、only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASTM D 4057, Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following te
30、rms and definitions apply. 3.1 cone penetration distance that a standardized cone penetrates into a test portion under standardized conditions of load, time, and temperature NOTE 1 The cone penetration is expressed in units of 0,1 mm. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 1998-2:1998, 2.80.001. 3.2 working subjec
31、ting a lubricating grease to the shearing action of a grease worker 3.3 unworked penetration cone penetration of a test portion that has received only minimum disturbance in transfer from the sample container to the cup of the grease worker 3.4 worked penetration cone penetration of a test portion a
32、fter it has been subjected to a defined number of strokes in a grease worker 3.5 prolonged worked penetration cone penetration of a test portion which has been worked more than the defined number of strokes in worked penetration (see 3.4) 3.6 block penetration cone penetration determined on a test p
33、ortion which is sufficiently hard to hold its shape without a container 4 Principle The cone penetration of lubricating grease is determined at 25 C by releasing the cone assembly from the penetrometer and allowing the cone to drop for 5 s, and measuring the extent of the penetration. Unworked penet
34、rations are determined on test portions transferred with a minimum of disturbance to a container suitable for test purposes. Worked penetrations are determined immediately after working the test portion for 60 double strokes in a standard grease worker. Prolonged worked penetrations are determined o
35、n test portions worked more than 60 double strokes. DIN ISO 2137:2016-12 7 Block penetrations are determined on a freshly prepared face of a cube cut from a block of grease with a standard cutter. The cone penetration of petrolatum is determined by first melting and cooling a test sample under speci
36、fied conditions, and then measuring the penetration as for lubricating grease. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Penetrometer, similar to that shown in Figure 1, capable of measuring, in tenths of a millimetre, the penetration of a cone in a material. The cone assembly or the table of the penetrometer shall be adjust
37、able to enable accurate placement of the tip of the cone on the level surface of the material while maintaining a “zero” reading on the indicator. The cone shall fall, when released, without appreciable friction for at least 62 mm. The tip of the cone shall not hit the bottom of the sample container
38、. The instrument shall be provided with level jig screws and a spirit level to maintain the cone shaft in a vertical position. NOTE The measurement of the penetration depth is performed using either mechanical devices (mechanical indicator) or electronic devices (digital indicator). 5.2 Cones 5.2.1
39、Full-scale cone, consisting of a conical body of magnesium or other suitable material with a detachable, hardened steel tip. Dimensions and tolerances shall be as shown in Figure 2. The total mass of the cone shall be 102,50 g 0,05 g and that of its movable attachments shall be 47,50 g 0,05 g. The a
40、ttachments consist of a rigid shaft having a stop at its upper end and a suitable means at its lower end for engaging the cone. The interior construction may be modified to achieve the specified mass, provided that the general contour and mass distribution are not altered. The outer surface shall be
41、 polished to a very smooth finish. NOTE For penetrations up to 400 units, the optional cone as shown in Figure 3 can be used. 5.2.2 One-half-scale cone and shaft, made of steel, stainless steel or brass with a hardened steel tip of 45 Rockwell C hardness to 50 Rockwell C hardness, and constructed to
42、 conform to the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 4. The shaft may be made of stainless steel. The total mass of the cone and its movable attachments shall be 37,50 g 0,05 g. The mass of the cone shall be 22,500 g 0,025 g. The mass of the movable attachments shall be 15,000 g 0,025 g. 5.2.3
43、One-quarter-scale cone and shaft, consisting of a conical body of plastics or other low-density material with a hardened steel tip of 45 Rockwell C hardness to 50 Rockwell C hardness, and constructed to conform to the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 5. The shaft may be constructed of magne
44、sium alloy. The total mass of the cone and its movable attachments shall be 9,380 g 0,025 g. The total mass of the cone and its movable attachments may be adjusted by adding small shot to the cavity of the shaft. 5.3 Grease workers 5.3.1 Full-scale grease worker, conforming to the dimensions shown i
45、n Figure 6. The sizes of non-dimensioned parts are not critical and may be varied according to individual requirements. Other methods of fastening the cover and securing the worker may be used. The grease worker may be constructed for either manual or mechanical operation. The design shall be such t
46、hat a rate of 60 strokes per minute 10 strokes per minute, with a minimum length of 63 mm, can be maintained. A suitable thermometer, standardized at 25 C, shall be provided for insertion through the vent valve. DIN ISO 2137:2016-12 8 5.3.2 One-half-scale grease worker, conforming to the dimensions
47、given in Figure 7. Other methods of fastening the cover and securing the worker may be used. The worker may be constructed for either manual or mechanical operation. The design shall be such that a rate of 60 strokes per minute 10 strokes per minute, with a minimum length of 35 mm, can be maintained. 5.3.3 One-quarter-scale grease worker, conforming to the dimensions given in Figure 8. Other methods of fastening the cover and securing the worker may be used. The worker may be constructed for either manual or mechanical operation. The design shall be such that a rate of 60 strok
