1、DEUTSCHE NORM Airil 1998 Technical drawings - Projection methods Part 2: Orthographic representations (IS0 5456-2 : 1996) DIN IS0 5456-2 ICs 01.1 00.01 Descriptors: Drawings, projection methods. Supersedes parts of DIN 6-1, December 1986 edition. Technische Zeichnungen - Projektionsmethoden -Teil 2:
2、 Orthogonale Darstellungen (IS0 5456-2 : 1996) This standard incorporates International Standard IS0 5456-2 Technical drawings - Projection methods - Part 2: Orthographic representations. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by ISO/TC 1 O. The resp
3、onsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschu Technische Produkt- dokumentation (Technical Product Documentation Standards Committee). The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of the IS0 Standard are as follows: IS0 Standard DIN S
4、tandards IS0 128 DIN 6-1, DIN 6-2, DIN 15-2, DIN 201, DIN IS0 128-20, DIN IS0 128-21, and DIN IS0 10209-2 IS0 129 IS0 3098-1 DIN 6776-1 IS0 3461 -2 DIN 32830-20*) IS0 5456-1 DIN IS0 5456-1 DIN 406-1 O, DIN 406-1 1 IS0 10209-1 DIN 199-1 and DIN 199-2 IS0 10209-2 DIN IS0 10209-2 Amendments Parts of DI
5、N 6-1, December 1986 edition, have been superseded by the specifications of DIN IS0 5456-2. Previous editions DIN 36: 1922-10; DIN 6: 1922-1 1, 1956-10, 1968-03; DIN 6-1 : 1986-12. *) At present at the stage of draft. Continued overleaf. IS0 Standard comprises 7 pages. No pari of this standard may b
6、e reproduced without the prior permission of Ref. No. DIN IS0 5456-2 : 1998-0 Y Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. wth Verlag GmbH, D-10772 Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). English price group 08 Sales No. 0408 10.98 Page 2 DIN IS0 5456-2 : 1998-04
7、 National Annex NA Standards referred to (and not included in Normative references) DIN 6-1 DIN 6-2 DIN 15-2 DIN 199-1 DIN 199-2 DIN 201 DIN 406-1 O DIN 406-1 1 DIN 1356-1 DIN 6776-1 DIN 32830-20 Technical drawings - Representation in normal projection -Views and special representations Technical dr
8、awings - Representation in normal projection - Sectional views Technical drawings - Lines - General application Terminology associated with drawings and item lists - Drawings Terminology associated with drawings and parts lists - Parts lists Technical drawings - Hatching to indicate sections Enginee
9、ring drawing practice - Dimensioning - Concepts and general principles Engineering drawing practice - Dimensioning - Principles of application Construction drawings - Types and principles of representation Technical drawings - Lettering - Characters Principles for the creation of graphical symbols -
10、 Graphical symbols for use in technical prod- uct documentation Page 1 IS0 5456-2 : 1996 Technical drawings - Projection methods Part 2: Orthographic representations Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member b
11、odies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be rep- resented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
12、 and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (I EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the membe
13、r bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 YO of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 5456-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 1 O, Technical drawings, product definition and related documen- tation, Subcommittee SC
14、 1, Basic conventions. IS0 5456 consists of the following parts, under the general title Technical drawings - Projection methods: - Part 7: Synopsis - Part 2: Orthographic representations - Part 3: Axonometric representations - Part 4: Central projection Annex A forms an integral part of this part o
15、f IS0 5456. Page 2 IS0 5456-2 : 1996 Introduction 1 Scope Orthographic representation in its various forms is the most widely used method of representing technical objects in all fields of technical drawing (mechanical, electrical, construction, etc.), and is thus considered to be the accepted techn
16、ical language. This part of IS0 5456 specifies basic rules for the application of orthographic representation to all types of technical drawings in all technical fields, according to the general rules specified in IS0 128, IS0 129, IS0 3098-1, IS0 3461-2 and IS0 5456-1. 2 Normative references The fo
17、llowing standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 5456. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 5456 are encouraged to
18、 investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 1 28:1982, Technical drawings - General prin- ciples of presentation. IS0 1 29: 1985, Technical drawings - Dim
19、ensioning - General principles, definitions, methods of execution and special indications. IS0 3098-1 :1974, Technical drawings - lettering - Part 1: Currently used characters. IS0 3461 -2: 1 987, General principles for the creation of graphical symbols - Part 2: Graphical symbols for use in technic
20、al product documentation. IS0 5456-1 :I 996, Technical drawings - Projection methods - Part 1: Synopsis. IS0 10209-1 : 1992, Technical product documentation - Vocabulary - Part : Terms relating to technical drawings: general and types of drawings. IS0 10209-2:1993, Technical product documentation -
21、Vocabulary - Pan2: Terms relating to projection methods. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 5456, the defi- nitions given in IS0 5456-1, IS0 10209-1 and IS0 10209-2 apply. Page 3 IS0 5456-2 : 1996 4 General principles 4.1 General Orthographic representation is obtained by means of pa
22、rallel orthogonal projections and results in flat, two- dimensional views systematically positioned relative to each other. To show an object completely, the six views in the directions a, b, c, d, e and f may be necessary, in order of priority (see figure 1 and table 1). ib t. Figure 1 4.2 Designat
23、ion of views See table I. Table 1 1 Direction of observation View from View in I direction the front FFLF the right the rear 1) See 5.4. Designation of view 4 B (E)?) -i D I The most informative view of the object to be rep- resented is normally chosen as the principal view (front view). This is vie
24、w A according to the direction of viewing a (see figure 1 and table 11, generally showing the object in the functioning or manufactur- ing or mounting position. The position of other views relative to the principal view in the drawing depends on the projection method chosen (first angle, third angle
25、, reference arrows). In practice, not all six views (A to F) are needed. When views (cuts or sections) other than the principal view are necessary, these shall be selected in order to: - limit the number of views, cuts and sections to the minimum necessary and sufficient to fully rep- resent the obj
26、ect without ambiguity; - avoid unnecessary repetition of detail. 5 Methods of representation 5.1 First angle projection The first angle projection method is an orthographic representation in which the object to be represented (see figure 1) appears between the observer and the coordinate planes on w
27、hich the object is orthogonally projected (see figure 2). The positions of the various views relative to the principal (front) view A are determined by rotating their projection planes around lines coinciding with or parallel to the coordinate axes on the coordinate plane (drawing surface) on which
28、the front view A is pro- jected (see figure 2). Therefore, in the drawing, with reference to the prin- cipal view A, the other views are arranged as follows (see figure 3): - View B: the view from above is placed under- neath; - View E: the view from below is placed above; - View C: the view from le
29、ft is placed on the right; - View D: the view from the right is placed on the - View F: the view from the rear is placed on the left; right or on the left, as convenient. The identifying graphical symbol of this method is shown in figure 4. Page 4 IS0 5456-2 : 1996 Figure 2 m Figure 3 Figure 4 5.2 T
30、hird angle projection The third angle projection method is an orthographic representation in which the object to be represented (see figure I), as seen by the observer, appears behind the coordinate planes on which the object is orthogonally projected (see figure 5). On each projec- tion plane, the
31、object is represented as if seen or- thogonally from infinite distance with transparent projection planes. The positions of the various views relative to the principal (front) view A are determined by rotating their projection planes around lines coinciding with or parallel to the coordinate axes on
32、 the coordinate plane (drawing surface) on which the front view A is pro- jected (see figure 5). Page 5 IS0 5456-2 : 1996 Figure 5 Therefore, in the drawing, with reference to the principal view A, the other views are arranged as follows (see figure 6): - View 6: the view from above is placed above;
33、 - View E: the view from below is placed under- neath; - View C: the view from the left is placed on the left; - View D: the view from the right is placed on the right; - View F: the view from the rear may be placed on the left or on the right, as convenient. The identifying graphical symbol of this
34、 method is shown in figure 7. Figure 6 Figure 7 Page 6 IS0 5456-2 : 1996 5.3 Reference arrows layout In those cases where it is advantageous to position the views not according to the strict pattern of the first or the third angle projection method, the use of the reference arrows method permits the
35、 various views to be freely positioned. With the exception of the principal view, each view shall be identified by a letter in accordance with figure 1. A lower-case letter indicates in the principal view the direction of observation of the other views, which are identified by the corresponding capi
36、tal letter placed immediately above the view and on the left. The identified views may be located irrespective of the principal view (see figure 8). Whatever the direction of observation, the capital letters (see IS0 3098-1) identifying the views shall always be positioned to be read from the normal
37、 direction of viewing of the drawing. No graphical symbol for the indication of this method is needed on the drawing. lb O c F f t_ 5.4 Mirrored orthographic representation Mirrored orthographic representationl) is an ortho- graphic representation in which the object to be represented (see figure 1)
38、 is a reproduction of the image in a mirror (face up) which is positioned parallel to the horizontal planes of this object (see figure 9). The view resulting from a mirrored orthographic representation may be indicated by using the capital letter for the designation of views (Le. “E“, see 4.2). b /-
39、 Figure 9 The identifying graphical symbol of this method is shown in figure 10. Figure 8 Figure 10 1) This method is preferably used in construction drawings. Page 7 IS0 5456-2 : 1996 Height of nu- merals and capi- tal letters (and/or lower-case letters) and diameter of the smaller end of the cone,
40、 h Line width for graphical sym- bols, d Line width for lettering, d Length and diameter of the larger end of the cone, H Annex A (normative) 3.5 5 7 0.35 0,5 0.7 7 10 14 Proportions and dimensions of graphical symbols 10 1 20 A. 1 Generdl requirements 14 20 1.4 2 28 40 In order to harmonize the siz
41、es of the graphical sym- bols specified in this part of IS0 5456 with those of the other inscriptions on the drawing (dimensions, tolerances, etc.), the rules given in IS0 3461-2 shall be applied. A.2 Proportions The graphical symbols shall be drawn in accordance with figures A.l, A.2 and A.3. For pmdical reasons the centrelines may be omitted A.3 Dimensions Figure A.3 c H - Figure A.l Figure A.2 The range of sizes to be used for the graphical sym- bols and additional indications shall be as specified in table A.1, Table A.l iensions in millimetres
