1、October 2011Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、 97.220.20!$tti“1818170www.din.deDDIN ISO 7331Ski-poles for alpine skiing Requirements and test methods (ISO 7331:2011)English translation of DIN ISO 7331:2011-10Skistcke fr den alpinen Skilauf Anforderungen und Prfungen (ISO 7331:2011)Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 7331:2011-10Btons de skis alpin
3、s Exigences et mthodes dessai (ISO 7331:2011)Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 7331:2011-10SupersedesDIN ISO 7331:2006-01www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises pages0 .11921A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page 2DIN
4、 ISO 7331:2011-10 National foreword. 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography. 4 1 Scope. 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and symbols 5 3.1 Terms. 5 3.2 Symbols 6 4 Categories of ski-poles 7 5 Materials 7 6 Test conditions 7 7 Test sample . 8 8 Requirements and test methods . 8 8.1 Total
5、length . 8 8.2 Outward design 8 8.3 Anti-catching design 9 8.4 Release mechanism. 9 8.5 Grip 10 8.6 Straps 12 8.7 Shaft 14 8.8 Basket . 17 8.9 Tip 19 9 Marking 21 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83 “Sports and recreational equipment” (Secretariat: DIN,
6、 Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Sport- und Freizeitgert (Sports Equipment Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 112-03-01 AA Ski- und Snowboardsport-gerte. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
7、 may be the subject of patent rights. DIN and/or DKE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 6508-1 DIN ISO 6508-1 ISO 6508-2 DIN ISO 6508-2 ISO 6508-3
8、 DIN ISO 6508-3 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 7331:2006-01 as follows: a) in Subclause 8.8.4 “Anti-catching design of basket”, the example related to the basket pattern, “(e.g. no gaps or openings)” has been deleted. Previous editions DIN 7884-1: 1977-07 DIN 7884-2: 1977-07 DIN 7884:
9、 1982-07 DIN ISO 7331: 1990-11, 2006-01 3DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) DIN EN ISO 6508-2, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 2: Ve
10、rification and calibration of testing machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) DIN EN ISO 6508-3, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) 4DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 1 Scope This International Standard defines the
11、minimum requirements for safety in ski-poles for alpine skiing and specifies test methods to check conformity with these requirements. It is applicable to ski-poles for alpine skiing in the following ranges of total length, lT(see Clause 3): group A, lT 1 050 mm (adults poles); group B, 1 050 mm lT
12、700 mm (junior poles); group C, lT 700 mm (childrens poles). Special designs may deviate from this International Standard, but shall be marked in a durable manner as special designs (see 9.2). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this doc
13、ument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing g650 Specifications ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials g650 Rockwell hardne
14、ss test g650 Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) ISO 6508-2, Metallic materials g650 Rockwell hardness test g650 Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) ISO 6508-3, Metallic materials g650 Rockwell hardness test g650
15、Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) 3 Terms and symbols 3.1 Terms Terms used to designate the different parts of a ski-pole are given in Figure 1. Ski-poles for alpine skiing Requirements and test methods 5DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 a) Ski-pole featuring grip w
16、ith a strap b) Ski-pole featuring strapless grip Key 1 upper surface of the grip, AG2 grip 3 strap 4 shaft 5 basket 6 tip 7 strapless grip Figure 1 Terms used to designate the parts of a ski-pole 3.2 Symbols The symbols used in Figures 1 and 2 relate to the following concepts, which shall be express
17、ed in the units given: AGis the upper surface, expressed in square centimetres, of the grip (impact area); FZis the compressive force, expressed in newtons, in the axis of the ski-pole; lTis the total length, in millimetres; lHis the length, expressed in millimetres, measured from the tip to the mid
18、dle of the hand; lBis the length, expressed in millimetres, measured from the tip to the lower surface of the basket; dBis the maximum diameter, expressed in millimetres, of the basket. 6DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 4 Categories of ski-poles The length, lH,is determined by reference to the width of an avera
19、ge hand: group A: 93 mm; group B: 73 mm; group C: 57 mm. Figure 2 Centre of rotation and dimensions 5 Materials The materials used shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 8. 6 Test conditions Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out as a type test in the standard atmosphere
20、in accordance with ISO 554 with reduced tolerances. The reference value for the quasi-static structure of force, F, with respect to time, t, expressed in newtons per second (N/s), is given by: d100 N/sdFt 7DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 The test equipment shall be such that all measurable variables such as fo
21、rces, temperatures, angles, lengths, surfaces, masses and time of oscillation can be measured or determined to the following accuracies: Forces, masses: 2 %; Temperatures: 2 C; Angles: 1; Lengths of poles: 1 mm; Radii and other lengths: 0,2 mm. 7 Test sample The three longest and the three shortest
22、poles from each group shall be submitted to the laboratory. In addition, three poles of 1 200 mm length lTfrom testing group A, and three poles of 1 000 mm length lTfrom testing group B shall be submitted to the laboratory. One long pole and one short pole shall be selected for the tests to be carri
23、ed out in accordance with Clause 8. If one test sample fails these tests, the tests may be repeated with two further test poles, both of which then shall pass the repeated tests. 8 Requirements and test methods 8.1 Total length 8.1.1 Requirement The total length lTshall not vary from the given lengt
24、h by more than 10 mm. Furthermore, the lengths of one pair of ski-poles shall not differ by more than 7 mm. 8.1.2 Testing Determine lengths of all test samples indicated in Clause 7. 8.2 Outward design 8.2.1 Requirement Sharp design (except the tip) and rough surfaces, which might cause injury, shal
25、l be avoided. 8.2.2 Testing Check visually. 8DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 8.3 Anti-catching design 8.3.1 Requirement The ski-pole shall be designed to limit the strain that can be transmitted to the wrist and arm of the skier, should the pole get caught during skiing. This requirement can be met by a design
26、 according to 8.6.3 or 8.8.4, or by a strapless grip. 8.3.2 Testing Test according to 8.6.3 or 8.8.4, or carry out a visual and functional test. 8.4 Release mechanism 8.4.1 Function If so equipped, a release mechanism shall be manufactured so that it functions correctly in environmental conditions e
27、ncountered during skiing. 8.4.2 Temperature and ice conditions 8.4.2.1 Requirement If a release mechanism is provided in the shaft, the compressive force in the axis of the pole necessary to cause the release at a temperature of 20 C and in icy conditions, and at a temperature of 20 C, shall not var
28、y by more than 30 %. In addition, the release force at 20 C and in icy conditions shall not exceed the values given in 8.6.3. 8.4.2.2 Testing Determine the release force at 20 C five times per function on one test sample and calculate the mean value. Store the release mechanism at a temperature of 2
29、0 C until this temperature is reached. Determine the release force once and compare it with the mean value at 20 C. Again determine the release force at 20 C five times on one test sample and calculate the mean value. Spray the vertically placed ski-pole with water at 10 C or more for 1 min from a d
30、istance of 1 m. Store the pole vertically at 20 C until it reaches this temperature, then determine the release force once and compare it with the mean value at 20 C. 8.4.3 Fatigue conditions 8.4.3.1 Requirement The release mechanisms shall be protected against wear so that they still function corre
31、ctly after 100 releases. The release forces shall not vary by more than 20 % after the fatigue test. 8.4.3.2 Testing Carry out 100 releases on each release mechanism; compare the mean value of the first five releases with the mean value of the last five. 9DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 8.5 Grip 8.5.1 Shape 8.
32、5.1.1 Requirement The shape of the grip shall be designed to facilitate good control of the pole, i.e. the grip shall be shaped to the hand and shall not be slippery. With all grips, whether straps are included or not, the shape of the moulded portion shall not be such as to force the thumb outward
33、or upward beyond the edge of the impact area, AG, of the top of the handle/grip. 8.5.1.2 Testing This is accomplished by both visual and manual means. 8.5.2 Impact area 8.5.2.1 Requirement The impact area, AG, shall be: group A: 13 cm2; group B: 10 cm2; group C: 7 cm2. 8.5.2.2 Testing Designate the
34、largest section, taken from the outer contour at a level between 0 mm and 10 mm from the upper edge of the grip and at a slope of between 0 and 10 to the perpendicular; this shall be the impact area. In the case of deformable surfaces of the grip, this measurement can be carried out at a compressive
35、 force of 400 N. 8.5.3 Edges 8.5.3.1 Requirement Edges on the grip, which could cause injury, shall have a radius of at least 2 mm. Soft grips (with a hardness of 80 Shore A at 10 C) may have a radius of at least 1 mm. 8.5.3.2 Testing This is accomplished by both visual and dimensional means. 8.5.4
36、Piercing resistance 8.5.4.1 Requirement The piercing resistance of the impact area, AG, to the top of the shaft, i.e. the force necessary for the shaft to pierce the impact area upwards, shall be higher by at least 100 % than the maximum compressive force, or than the maximum release force of those
37、poles with a release mechanism. 10DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 8.5.4.2 Testing Press a test sample against a fixed abutment by means of a plate (see Figure 3). When the double compressive force, determined according to 8.7.2.2, is applied, the shaft shall not pierce the end of the grip. Carry out the test q
38、uasi-statically. Figure 3 Test arrangement for piercing resistance 8.5.5 Pulling-off force 8.5.5.1 Requirement The force needed to pull the grip from the shaft shall be: group A: 350 N; group B: 350 N; group C: 300 N. 8.5.5.2 Testing Carry out the test on a test sample in accordance with Figure 4. C
39、arry out the test quasi-statically. 8.5.6 Strapless grips 8.5.6.1 Requirement The bow of strapless grips shall be designed in such a way that the risk of catching or twisting the wrist is reduced. 8.5.6.2 Testing This is accomplished by visual means. 11DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 Figure 4 Test arrangement
40、for pulling-off force 8.6 Straps 8.6.1 Width 8.6.1.1 Requirement Straps shall have the following width where in contact with the hand: group A: 16 mm; group B: 14 mm; group C: 12 mm. 8.6.1.2 Testing This is accomplished by both visual and dimensional means. 8.6.2 Minimum strain in support direction
41、8.6.2.1 Requirement Straps with a supporting function (i.e. groups A and B) shall withstand a force in the loading direction Z, of g149350 N. Straps in group C have no supporting function. 8.6.2.2 Testing Carry out the test quasi-statically according to Figure 5 by applying the force in the directio
42、n Z. 12DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 8.6.3 Release function 8.6.3.1 Requirement Straps with a release function shall have the following range of release values in the direction Z within a range of temperature from +20 C to 5 C: group A: 80 N to 240 N; group B: 60 N to 180 N. 8.6.3.2 Testing Determine release
43、 forces in direction Z quasi-statically according to 8.4 and Figure 5. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 5 Test arrangement for the strap 13DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 8.7 Shaft 8.7.1 Minimum compressive force 8.7.1.1 Requirement The shaft shall be designed to withstand compressive forces and bending moment
44、s occurring during all aspects of skiing without plastic deformation or fracture. No permanent deformation shall occur when loading the pole with a compressive force in the axis of the pole of: group A: 350 N; group B: 350 N; group C: 300 N. 8.7.1.2 Testing Test the longest ski-pole of one series, t
45、aking lHas the test length. Carry out the test quasi-statically between two parallel plates and with the pole fixed off-centre (see Figure 6). Test bent poles in such a way that buckling is promoted. 8.7.2 Maximum compressive force 8.7.2.1 Requirement For group A, to obtain the best possible protect
46、ion against injury to a skier falling on the impact area AG, the ski-pole shall buckle on its axis under a maximum compressive force of 900 N, or shall be so designed as to glance off upon impact with the body of a skier. 8.7.2.2 Testing Test three poles of group A with a length of 1 200 mm and thre
47、e poles of group B with a length of 1 000 mm, taking lTas the test length. The mean value of three tests shall fulfil the requirements. Carry out the test quasi-statically between two parallel plates, and with the pole fixed centrally, to a tolerance of 2 mm (see Figure 7). In the case of ski-poles
48、with other safety features to glance off in the direction of fall, determine the maximum compressive force on the end surfaces of the test samples at the moment of impact from a released falling weight. 14DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 Dimensions in millimetres aLine of effective applied force. Figure 6 Test
49、arrangement for the determination of the minimum compressive force 15DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 compensating rings to attain lTFigure 7 Test arrangement for the determination of the maximum compressive force 16DIN ISO 7331:2011-10 8.7.3 Point of buckling 8.7.3.1 Requirement In the test, the ski-pole shall neither break into two parts nor splinter when compressed to 2/3 lH. 8.7.3.2 Testing Test in accordance with Figure 6. 8.8 B
