1、April 2013 DIN-Normenausschuss Lichttechnik (FNL)DIN-SprachendienstEnglish price group ?No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for DIN Specifica
2、tions.ICS 17.180.20; 91.160.01There are various procedures for developing a DIN SPEC: This document has been developed in accordance with the Technical Report procedure.!%*NZ“2074355www.din.deDDIN SPEC 67600Biologically effective illumination Design guidelinesEnglish translation of DIN SPEC 67600:20
3、13-04Biologisch wirksame Beleuchtung PlanungsempfehlungenEnglische bersetzung von DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04Effets biologiques de lclairage Conseils de conceptionTraduction anglaise de DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 68 pages10.14 DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 2 A comma is used as the deci
4、mal marker. Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 8 2 Terms and definitions .8 3 Integrative design 9 4 Target quantities . 10 5 Criteria for biologically effective illumination 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Spectral composition of light 11 5.2.1 General . 11 5.2.2 Spectral evaluation of light
5、sources . 13 5.2.3 Changes in the spectrum during transmission . 13 5.2.4 Changes in the spectrum during reflection . 17 5.3 Illuminance (irradiance) . 18 5.4 Geometric arrangement of light 19 5.4.1 General . 19 5.4.2 Area and solid angle . 19 5.4.3 Direction of light . 19 5.5 The dynamics of light
6、. 20 5.5.1 General . 20 5.5.2 Light that is adapted to the daylight . 20 5.5.3 Light that is adapted to the seasons 21 5.5.4 Duration of exposure to light . 22 5.5.5 Spectral and spatial distribution of light over time . 22 5.5.6 Rapid changes in light . 22 5.6 The energy efficiency of biologically
7、effective illumination . 22 6 Lighting design for special structures . 23 6.1 General . 23 6.2 Training establishments and schools 24 6.2.1 General . 24 6.2.2 Classrooms, general 24 6.2.3 Adult education . 25 6.3 Offices 26 6.3.1 General . 26 6.3.2 Office spaces . 27 6.3.3 Conference and meeting roo
8、ms 28 6.3.4 Break rooms 28 6.3.5 Entrance areas and corridors 28 6.4 Control rooms . 28 6.5 Homes for the elderly and nursing homes . 29 6.5.1 General . 29 6.5.2 Central communal areas and “nursing oases” . 29 6.5.3 Private rooms in which care is provided 31 6.5.4 Bathrooms . 31 6.5.5 Corridors 31 D
9、IN SPEC 67600:2013-04 3 6.5.6 Caring for people suffering from dementia 32 6.6 Health care premises 32 6.6.1 General . 32 6.6.2 Wards and maternity wards . 32 6.6.3 Staff rooms and staff offices 33 6.6.4 Multi-purpose rooms, general communal areas, and corridors . 33 6.6.5 Post-ansthesia recovery ro
10、oms 33 6.6.6 The special significance of emergency cases . 33 6.7 Private living spaces . 33 6.8 Hotel rooms 33 7 Structures where shift work takes place (general) 34 7.1 General . 34 7.2 Shifting the circadian phase 34 7.3 Stabilization of the circadian phase combined with activation in critical si
11、tuations . 35 8 Verification procedures, briefing, and maintenance schedule . 37 Annex A (informative) Schedule of lighting recommendations for the biological effects of light . 38 A.1 Composition of the tables 38 A.2 Schedule of indoor areas, communal areas, visual task areas or activity areas . 39
12、 A.3 Lighting recommendations for indoor areas, visual task areas or activity areas 41 Bibliography 67 DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 4 Foreword This document (DIN SPEC 67600) has been prepared by Working Committee NA 058-00-27 AA Wirkung des Lichts auf den Menschen (Effect of Light on Human Beings) of the
13、Normenausschuss Lichttechnik (Lighting Technology Standards Committee) in accordance with the Technical Report procedure. Light is key to human health and well-being. It influences physiological and psychological states such as moods, emotions and attentiveness. The significance of daylight or suita
14、ble artificial lighting to the improvement of well-being and the stabilization of the circadian rhythm, i.e. the human body clock, is undisputed 12. As regards the implementation of these findings in lighting installations, there are as yet no generally recognized design guidelines that not only ens
15、ure good lighting for visual tasks, but also make efficient use of the non-visual biological effects of light. In the modern world, people are increasingly moving away from the natural human day-night rhythm. The brightness and dynamics of daylight and the darkness of night are playing an ever-decre
16、asing role in the daily lives of many people. The effect of light on the human biological system is connected in a complex way with the following parameters in particular and the sequences in which they occur: the visible spectrum, light distribution, and irradiance. Integrative lighting design allo
17、ws various aspects to be implemented in order to achieve good lighting in terms of both visual and non-visual effects and energy efficiency. In this respect, there is no contradiction between biologically effective illumination and energy efficiency. Depending on the visible spectrum, only a small p
18、roportion of the energy consumed for biologically effective artificial lighting is used for the actual visual process and shall not, therefore, be evaluated on this basis. Biologically effective light supports the human organism, and its energy performance is measured independently and commensurate
19、with its biological action spectrum in accordance with DIN V 5031-100. The main objective in designing and using biologically effective light is to stabilize the human circadian system by exerting a positive influence on performance and concentration during periods of activity and by bringing about
20、a sustainable improvement in regeneration during periods of rest. DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 5 Introduction For many years, the biological effects of light on humans were seen as a predominantly medical matter that had relatively little significance for lighting technology in general and general lightin
21、g applications in particular. Although a suitable method of technically measuring these effects was developed by the lighting technology sector, its application was left to specialists in the fields of biology and medicine. This attitude changed in 2001 with proof of the existence in the human eye o
22、f a so-called “third photoreceptor” that is responsible for the direct biological effects of light. This means that the conventional use of artificial light or daylight is closely linked to biological effects. All illumination at all times of the day or night has an effect on the human biological sy
23、stem. Even the standard lighting we encounter all around us and the darkness, which is perceived as being a light-free period, affects human biology. It is now known that light acts on the human organism not only via the human eye, but also via other action paths such as the light sensors in the ski
24、n or hair roots. Because current knowledge seems to suggest that the efficiency of these other action paths is low, they shall not be investigated any further in this document. Over the course of millennia, humans have evolved, adapting to the natural light of the sky and the sun. Today, people in t
25、he worlds industrialized nations in particular spend most of their time both during the day and at night in rooms illuminated by artificial lighting. While outdoor illuminances amount to several thousand Lux even in bad weather, the illuminance of artificial lighting indoors is much lower than that
26、of natural daylight, reaching between 500 lx and at most 1 000 lx. This is not the only parameter of natural daylight that cannot be reproduced by artificial lighting; the visible spectrum or temporal variations, for example, cannot be reproduced either. This raises the question as to whether the di
27、fferent illumination characteristics of artificial indoor lighting do not deprive humans of important aspects of their natural environment. It is now known that at least two human systems are not adequately “supplied” by modern conventional indoor lighting. These two systems are (1) the production o
28、f Vitamin D by exposure of the skin to UV-B radiation and (2) the human circadian system, which controls our day-night rhythm. For both of these systems, the best way to ensure a supply of suitable light (including UV) is to spend time outdoors. On the basis of current findings, it is recommended th
29、at humans spend about half an hour outdoors every day for the good of their health 3. It is also considered likely that sufficient natural daylight or light that is similar to daylight ensures other improvements in the quality of life, cognition and well-being, such as improved quality of sleep at n
30、ight, improved mental performance during the day, and a more positive mood. Although some of the above-mentioned parameters are closely linked to emotional effects, these aspects of light and colour in particular shall not be considered in this document. These design guidelines and the prestandard D
31、IN V 5031-100 refer exclusively to the non-visual effects of light that are transmitted through the eyes. The functional biological system essentially comprises the photosensitive melanopsin-containing ganglion cells of the retina, the retinohypothalamic tract, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (which is c
32、urrently held to be the “seat” of the central body clock), the pineal gland with the hormone melatonin, and the executive organs and cells of the body (see Figure 1). DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 6 Key 1 visual centre 3 suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) 5 spinal cord 7 light 2 pineal gland 4 retinohypothalami
33、c tract (RHT) 6 ganglion cells in the upper cervical vertebrae Figure 1 Visual path (1) from the eye via the optic nerve to the visual centre in the brain, and the retinohypothalamic tract (biological path, 4) from the eye via the ganglion cells in the spinal cord to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN
34、) and on to the pineal gland NOTE Some findings are still based on the analysis of links to the hormone melatonin or, to be more precise, to the nocturnal suppression of this hormone. For example, no dose-response curves for the relationship between visual spectra and sleep quality have been identif
35、ied. There are, however, studies on the link between visual spectra and melatonin and studies on the link between melatonin and sleep quality. All in all, a largely consistent picture of how the overall system works is emerging across many areas. The link between these different areas is the hormone
36、 melatonin, which functions as a marker substance for the phase of the body clock. DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 7 Although design principles and recommendations shall have to be reviewed again and again in the light of current and future research findings on this system, the Working Committee NA 058-00-27
37、 AA at DIN, the German Institute for Standardization, decided to draft these recommendations on the basis of the existing state of the art in this field. Because the individual properties of artificial light can unlike natural daylight be technically controlled and adjusted, it will in future be pos
38、sible to design artificial lighting for individual areas of application, ideally in conjunction with daylight. DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 8 1 Scope This document contains design guidelines for living spaces. Living spaces can be either work places or non-work places and include areas of mixed or overlap
39、ping use. The biological effects this document seeks to achieve relate to daylight, artificial lighting or a mixture of the two. NOTE 1 When designing biologically effective Illumination, daylight should be used as much as possible and given preference. However, because sufficient daylight is not al
40、ways available, artificial lighting installations can act as a full or partial substitute. The design guidelines given in this document supplement the visual requirements outlined in other standards. NOTE 2 Visual design requirements are specified in DIN EN 12464-1 and, for work places, in ASR A3.4*
41、). The requirements outlined in ASR A3.4 are binding for work places in Germany. This document provides general recommendations for possible implementations and also describes specific applications. NOTE 3 Specific design recommendations are made for structures such as homes for the elderly and nurs
42、ing homes (homes for senior citizens), training establishments, health care premises, offices and control rooms. This document does not specify any requirements regarding the use of light to bring about an intentional shift in the circadian phase and only contains general design tips for work places
43、 where shift work takes place. Basic research into the biological effects of light already offers a reliable fund of knowledge. However, there is a considerable need for more practical implementation trials and optimization. The examples given in this document provide practical information about suc
44、cessful implementation tests and experience gained in trials that have been conducted to date. The figures and examples given in this document are based on both published literature and interviews conducted with relevant (international) scientists and, consequently, reflect the current state of the
45、art. This document contains no information on medical treatment involving light because this does not fall within the scope of the technical and structural designs covered by this document. 2 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions in DIN 5031-3, DIN 5035-7,
46、 DIN V 5031-100, DIN EN 12464-1, and DIN EN 12665 as well as the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 non-work places all areas that are not described in DIN EN 12464-1 or ASR A3.4 2.2 living spaces areas, comprising both work places and/or non-work places, where people regularly spend extende
47、d periods of time 2.3 structures buildings, indoor areas and areas in accordance with the Honorarordnung fr Architekten und Ingenieure (HOAI German Official Scale of Fees for Services by Architects and Engineers) 20, which are designed as living spaces for humans *)Translators note. Erroneously ASR
48、3.4“ in original German text. DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 9 2.4 interdisciplinary design work phases in the fields of structural and sectoral planning in all work areas and for all structures, including structure-specific advice and special work in accordance with the HOAI 20 Note 1 to this entry: Interdisciplinary design comes up with approaches that go beyond the boundaries of a single sector or specialist area, the complexity of which can be made generally comprehensible for users by applying an interdisciplinary language and value syst
