DIN-Fachbericht 123-2002 Characterisation of sludges - Recommendations to preserve and extend sludge utilisation and disposal routes CEN Report CR 13846《污泥特性 保存和扩大污泥利用和处理路线的推荐标准 CE.pdf

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1、ISSN 0179-275XISBN 3-410-15441-8Characterisation of sludges Recommendations to preserve andextend sludge utilisation and disposal routesCharakterisierung von Schlmmen Manahmen zur Sicherung undErweiterung der Mglichkeiten zurSchlammverwertung und -beseitigungCEN Report CR 13846DIN-Fachbericht 123Beu

2、thB55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03DIN-Fachbericht 123Characterisation of sludges Sludge utilisationCharakterisierung von Schlmmen SchlammverwertungB55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9Nor

3、mCD - Stand 2007-03DIN-Fachbericht 1231. Auflage 2002Herausgeber:DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V.Beuth Verlag GmbH Berlin Wien ZrichCharacterisation of sludges Recommendations to preserve andextend sludge utilisation and disposal routesCharakterisierung von Schlmmen Manahmen zur Sicherung und

4、Erweiterung der Mglichkeiten zurSchlammverwertung und -beseitigungCEN Report CR 13846B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03Die Deutsche Bibliothek CIP-EinheitsaufnahmeCharacterisation of sludges recommendations to preserve andextend sludge utilisation and disposal route

5、sCEN report CR 13846Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Manahmen zur Sicherungund Erweiterung der Mglichkeiten zur Schlammverwertung und-beseitigungHrsg.: DIN, Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.Berlin ; Wien ; Zrich : Beuth, 2002(DIN-Fachbericht ; 123)ISBN 3-410-15441-8Titelaufnahme nach RAK entspricht D

6、IN V 1505-1.ISBN nach DIN ISO 2108.bernahme der CIP-Einheitsaufnahme frei.108 Seiten, A4, brosch. DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. 2002Das Werk einschlielich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschtzt. JedeVerwertung auerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohneZustimmung

7、 des Verlages unzulssig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere fr dieVervielfltigung, bersetzung, Mikroverfilmung und die Einspeicherung und Ver-arbeitung in elektronischen Systemen.Printed in Germany.B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-035Nationales VorwortDer vorliegende

8、 DIN-Fachbericht CR 13846 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Manahmen zurSicherung und Erweiterung der Mglichkeiten zur Schlammverwertung und -beseitigung“ wurde imCEN/TC 308 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen“ erarbeitet. Deutschland war an der Erarbeitung berden Arbeitsausschuss AA I 1 Bodenschutz, Altlas

9、tensanierung und Entsorgung“ im NormenausschussWasserwesen (NAW) im DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung beteiligt.Das ursprnglich mit dem Ziel der Verffentlichung als Europische Norm vorgesehene Projekt wurde imRahmen der Befragung der im CEN vertretenen Mitgliedslnder zum Entwurf dieses Dokuments noc

10、heinmal ausfhrlich diskutiert und es wurde entschieden, dass die Verffentlichung nicht als EuropischeNorm, sondern als Technischer Bericht des CEN erfolgen soll.Gegen die Verffentlichung als Europische Normen sprachen insbesondere die Struktur des Dokuments, die dem Anwender keine einheitliche Vorge

11、hensweise vorgibt, sondernden Charakter eines Statusberichts hat, die unterschiedlichen nationalen Rechtsvorschriften, die in Ergnzung zur Europischen Klr-schlammrichtlinie 1 den Umgang mit dem Klrschlamm regeln und Manahmen fr seine Verwertungoder Beseitigung aufzeigen.Fr Deutschland sind hier insb

12、esondere die Klrschlammverordnung 2 das Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz 3 das Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz 4 die Bundes-Bodenschutz- und Altlastenverordnung 5 die Bioabfallverordnung 6 das Dngemittelgesetz 7 die Dngemittelverordnung 8 und das Wasserhaushaltsgesetz 9zu nennen.Insbesondere vor dem

13、Hintergrund der derzeit in Deutschland stattfindenden kontroversen Diskussionzur Zukunft der Verwertung von Klrschlamm in der Landwirtschaft und aufgrund der guten Zusammen-stellung der Sachverhalte zum Thema Klrschlamm im europischen Raum hat der fachlich zustndigeAA I 1 beschlossen, den Bericht CR

14、 13846 der ffentlichkeit in der englischen Originalfassung mit deut-schem Vorwort zur Verfgung zu stellen.In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf zwei Berichte, CR 13456 10 und CR 13455 11, des CEN/TC 223Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate“ sowie auf den Bericht CR 13714 12 des CEN/TC 308Charakteri

15、sierung von Schlmmen“ verwiesen, die den vorliegenden Bericht thematisch ergnzen.B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-036Literatur1 Richtlinie 86/278/EWG des Rates vom 12. Juni 1986 ber den Schutz der Umwelt und insbesondereder Bden bei der Verwendung von Klrschlamm in d

16、er Landwirtschaft, ABl. EG Nr. L 181 S. 62 Klrschlammverordnung (AbfKlrV) vom 15. April 1992, BGBl. I S. 9123 Gesetz zur Frderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft und Sicherung der umweltvertrglichen Beseitigungvon Abfllen (Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz KrW-/AbfG) vom 27. September 1994, BGBl. IS. 2

17、7054 Gesetz zum Schutz vor schdlichen Bodenvernderungen und zur Sanierung von Altlasten (Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz BBodSchG) vom 17. Mrz 1998, BGBl. I S. 5025 Bundes-Bodenschutz- und Altlastenverordnung (BBodSchV) vom 12. Juli 1999, BGBl. I S. 15546 Verordnung ber die Verwertung von Bioabfllen auf la

18、ndwirtschaftlich, forstwirtschaftlich und grt-nerisch genutzten Bden (Bioabfallverordnung BioAbfV) vom 21. September 1998, BGBl. I S. 29557 Dngemittelgesetz vom 15. November 1977, BGBl. I S. 21348 Dngemittelverordnung vom 9. Juli 1991, BGBl. I S. 14509 Gesetz zur Ordnung des Wasserhaushalts (Wasserh

19、aushaltsgesetz WHG) in der Fassung derBekanntmachung vom 12. November 1996, BGBl. I S. 169510 DIN-Fachbericht 83 Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate Kennzeichnung, Anforde-rungen und Produktlisten; Deutsche Fassung CR 13456:199911 DIN-Fachbericht 90 Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstr

20、ate Leitfaden zur Sicherheit vonAnwendern, der Umwelt und von Pflanzen12 DIN-Fachbericht 118 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Management von Schlamm zur Ver-wertung oder BeseitigungB55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03CEN REPORTRAPPORT CENCEN BERICHTCR 13846March 2000ICS

21、English versionRecommendations to preserve and extend sludge utilisation anddisposal routesThis CEN Report was approved by CEN on 19 January 2000. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Fi

22、nland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCentral Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

23、2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CR 13846:2000 EB55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03Page 2CR 13846:2000ContentsForeword3Summary41 Introduction 72 Principles of use and Disposal.102.1 O

24、ptions for sludge use and disposal.102.2 Principles of option selection and control 133 Legislation and environmental quality standards143.1 European legislation143.2 International, European and national standardisation 154 Sludge production, quality and disposal in europe .154.1 Sludge production .

25、154.2 Sludge quality.174.3 Sludge use and disposal.235 Assessment of sludge management options .235.1 Sludge quality requirements.235.2 Technical means of achieving sludge quality objectives265.3 Integration in material cycles .315.3.1 Agriculture315.3.2 Reclamation and forestry345.3.3 Sludge as raw

26、 material 345.3.4 Thermal exploitation355.4 Removal from material cycles 375.4.1 Sea 375.4.2 Thermal destruction 385.4.3 Landfill 385.5 Competitive materials396 Options to preserve and extend sludge management ROUTES.396.1 Evaluation of sludge management options 396.2 Recommendations.42References.43

27、List of abbreviations.44Annex A (informative) Documents developed by CEN/TC 308 .45Annex B (informative) International and European Technical Committees 46Annex C (informative) EC and national quality limit values controlling sewage sludge use inagriculture.47Annex D (informative) Comparison of appr

28、oaches to sludge quality standards in the United States andEurope.55Annex E (informative) SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) Analysis of sludgemanagement.60Annex F (informative) Strategic decision tools for sludge management 63Annex G (informative) Sludge questionnaires .76Annex

29、 H (informative) National inquiry in Germany to test the practicability of the draft questionnaires97Annex I (informative) Case study Demonstration of the effect of source control on chemicalcontamination of sewage sludge .101B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03Page 3

30、CR 13846:2000ForewordThis document has been prepared by CEN /TC 308, “Characterisation of sludge“.This document is currently submitted to CEN/BT for publication as a CEN Report.This document has been endorsed by EUREAU1).1) EUREAU is European Union of National Associations of Water Suppliers and Was

31、te Water Services.B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03Page 4CR 13846:2000SummaryThis report has been prepared within the framework of CEN/TC 308 on Characterization of Sludges. The Scopeincludes sludges from treating municipal, industrial and food processing wastewate

32、rs, sludge from treating rawwater to make it potable, and other residues having similar potential environmental impacts. The objectives of thereport are to analyse the current situation with regard to sludge management in Europe, and to recommend theapproaches to preserve and extend sludge use and d

33、isposal outlets for the future.Sludge is the inevitable residue of treating raw potable water and municipal and industrial wastewaters. However,knowledge of the quantities of sludges produced is incomplete. Treatment of these waters is designed to removeunwanted constituents from the water and conce

34、ntrate them into a small side-stream - “sludge”. The sludge mayalso contain surplus biomass cultured during biological treatment processes. The objective of treatment is to avoidadverse impacts on the environment and human health when the effluent is discharged into the environment orwater is suppli

35、ed for human consumption. The concentration of beneficial constituents and of pollutants in (andhealth risks associated with) a sludge depends on the initial quality of the wastewater or raw water, and the extentof treatment required to meet quality standards for effluent discharge, and potable wate

36、r.Where effluent quality standards are raised, in order to reduce pollutant loads on the environment, the quantity ofsludge produced inevitably increases. To be consistent, the use or disposal of the sludge must also beenvironmentally acceptable, sustainable and cost-effective. Sludge management typ

37、ically represents about half ofthe overall costs of wastewater treatment. Its management will become increasingly complex as environmentalstandards become more stringent, and if outlets for sludge become more constrained by legislation and publicattitudes.EU policy on waste is to discriminate agains

38、t disposal and promote waste avoidance, minimisation and recycling.Disposal of sludge to sea was legislated to cease by the end of 1998. Disposal of sludges to landfill, which iscurrently the major outlet for some sludges in Europe, is widely regarded as unsustainable. Sludge productioncannot be avo

39、ided (although the quantity can be reduced by treatment) in fact demands for higher effluent qualitywill generally increase the amount of sludge produced. The only remaining options are recycling or destruction bycombustion. Recycling options include use on land as an organic fertiliser or soil cond

40、itioner for farming, landrestoration, etc. Destruction options include combustion with or without energy recovery, gassification, and usingthe sludge as a process fuel, with the ash being used or landfilled.It should always be remembered that many sludges and residues contain beneficial constituents

41、 and propertiesthat have very positive environmental advantages. For example recycling phosphate and thus reducing the need toextract primary raw material and extending the life of the planets reserves.Some countries have applied a greater level of precaution into the regulatory controls for some sl

42、udges in anattempt to build stakeholder confidence, and this has made sludge management increasingly difficult and costly.Nevertheless, sludge must go somewhere, and the challenge for sludge managers is to secure cost-effectiveoutlets for sludge that are sustainable and protect the environment and h

43、uman health, and to encourage politicaland public acceptance of this. This will require improvements in sludge quality and the methods of disposal andrecycling, which may be achieved through improved up-stream control of the quality of wastewater treated, theadoption of advanced sludge treatment pro

44、cesses, and perhaps changing the formulation of products and othermeasures to reduce diffuse inputs or sources.The opportunities for improving the quality of water and municipal wastewater entering treatment plants are limited.For potable water, the source and quality of raw water is usually fixed t

45、o the surface and groundwater resourcesavailable locally. For sewage, industrial effluent controls have dramatically reduced point source pollution over thelast 30 years (in those countries with effective legislation) to the extent that sludge quality is now increasinglydictated by diffuse pollution

46、 of water entering the sewerage system from domestic premises and road run-off, andthese sources are inherently difficult to control. Industrial recession can also have a beneficial effect on sludgequality when polluting factories are forced to close. For industrial wastewater treatment, the quality

47、 of sludge hasbeen improved through the adoption of production processes that generate less waste, and further improvementsare likely through developments in industrial process technologies and integrated pollution prevention and controlmeasures.B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD -

48、 Stand 2007-03Page 5CR 13846:2000A range of sludge treatment options is available to improve sludge quality and processes have been developed andadopted as necessary, according to local circumstances and legal requirements. These generally focus onreducing the content of water, odour and pathogens i

49、n sludge. Technologies are emerging for the removal ofcontaminants, such as heavy metals, but they are expensive and are therefore not a practicable option at present.In order to secure outlets for sludge in the near future, advanced treatment of sludge may increasingly be required,for instance to have assured pathogen removal, or to produce sludge of high dry solids content to improve theflexibility of use options

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