1、I 3LiOLi593 0000027 T I ECMA E UR O PEAN CO IPUTE R MAN U FACTURE R S ASS OC IATION STANDARD ECMlA-100 DATA INTERCHANGE ON 90 mm FLEXIBLE DISK CARTRIDGES USING MFM RECORDING AT 7958 ftprad ON 80 TRACKS ON EACH SIDE 2nd Edition - December 1988 W 3404593 U000028 I BRIEF HISTORY Technical Committee TC1
2、9 of ECMA began work on the standardization of flexible disk cartridges in 1974. As a result ECMA has produced a set of standards for different types of flexible disk cartridges (FDC): 200 mm FDCs 130 mm FDCs 90 mm FDCs ECMA-58 ECMA-59 ECM A-69 ECM A-66 ECMA-70 ECMA-78 ECMA-99 ECMA- 1 O0 ECMA- 125 S
3、tandards ECMA-70, ECMA-78 and ECMA-99 specify two different track formats. The first specifies FM recording in Cylinder O0 and is intended for use with the labelling system specified in Standard ECMA-91. The second track format, which is identical with that of Standards ECMA-100 and ECMA-125, specif
4、ies MFM recording on all cylinders and is intended for use with the volume and file structure of Standard ECMA- 107. The first edition of this Standard ECMA-100 was issued in 1985. When Reference Material RM 8860 was available in 1977 it appeared that some FDCs could not meet the requirements for ov
5、erwrite although they were perfectly suitable for information interchange. This was mainly due to the difficulty to measure this parameter and to variations between measurements. As a consequence the tolerance for overwrite has been raised from 125% to 150% and an appendix added to the Standard whic
6、h specifies a mandatory method of measurement which gives more reliable results. Furthermore the ranges of temperature and relative humidity for operating conditions have been made narrower; the maximum temperature is 51,5 “C (instead of 60 OC) and the minimum RH is 20% (instead of 8%). This 2nd Edi
7、tion of Standard ECMA-100 has been accepted by the General Assembly of ECMA of 15th December 1988. - 3404593 O000029 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE, FIELD OF APPLICATION AND CONFORMANCE 1.1 1.2 Conformance Scope and Field of Application 2. REFERENCES 3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3.1 Drawings 3.2 Main Elemen
8、ts 3.3 Description 4. DEFINITIONS 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.1 1 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 Recording Disk Hub Shutter Liner Case Master Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge Secondary Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge Typical Field Reference Field Test Rec
9、ording Current Standard Reference Amplitude Average Signal Amplitude In-Contact Side Direction of Rotation Index Line of Access Formatting Initialization 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Environment and Transportation 5.1.1 Testing environment 5.1.2 Operating environment 5.1.3 Storage environment 5.1.4 T
10、ransportation Page 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 9 10 - II 3404593 O000030 T - 11 - 10 10 10 10 10 5.2 Materials 5.2.1 Case 5.2.2 Liner 5.2.3 Disk 5.2.4 Hub 6. DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 6.1 Case 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.1.7 6.1.8 6.1.9 Shape (Fig. 1) Th
11、ickness Hub access hole (Fig. 1) Locating holes (Fig. 1 and 3) Label area Head windows (Fig. 3) Write-inhibit hole (Fig. 2) Profile of the shutter edge of the case (Fig. 1 and 3) Shutter (Fig. 2 and 3) 6.2 Liner 6.3 Disk (Fig. 4) 6.3.1 Diameter 6.3.2 Thickness 6.4 Hub (Fig. 4) 6.4.1 Dimensions 6.4.2
12、 Hub orientation holes (Fig. 4) Optional Handling Notches (Fig. 1 and 2) Interface between Cartridge and Drive 6.5 6.6 6.7 Compliance 7. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 7.1 Inflammability 7.2 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of the Disk 7.3 Coefficient of Linear Hygroscopic Expansion of the Disk 7.4
13、 Torque , 7.4.1 Starting torque 7.4.2 Running torque without heads loaded 8. ? MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS 8.1 Recording Area 8.2 Track Geometry 8.2.1 Number of tracks 8.2.2 Width of tracks 8.2.3 Track location 8.2.4 Track number 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 1
14、6 16 16 16 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 3404573 0000031 1 W . - 111 - 8.3 Functional Testing 8.3.1 Surface tests 8.3.2 Track quality tests 8.3.3 Rejection criterion 9. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 9.1 Mode of Recording 9.2 Track Location Tolerance of the Recorded Flexible Disk Cartridge 9.3 Recording Offset Angle 9
15、.4 Density of Recording 9.5 Flux Transition Spacing 9.6 Average Signal Amplitude 9.7 Byte 9.8 Sector 9.9 Cylinder 9.10 Cylinder Number 9.1 1 Data Capacity of a Track 9.12 Hexadecimal Notation 9.13 Error Detection Characters (EDC) 10. TRACK LAYOUT 10.1 Index Gap 10.2 Sector Identifier 10.2.1 Identifi
16、er Mark 10.2.2 Address Identifier 10.3 Identifier Gap 10.4 Data Block 10.4.1 Data Mark 10.4.2 Data Field 10.4.3 EDC 10.5 Data Block Gap 10.6 Track Gap 11. CODED REPRESENTATION OF DATA 11.1 Standards 11.2 Coding Methods APPENDIX A - TEST FOR COMPLIANCE APPENDIX B - MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT TRANSMIITANCE
17、19 20 21 21 25 25 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 43 45 APPENDIX C - METHOD FOR MEASURING THE EFFECTIVE TRACK WIDTH 49 3404593 RORRO32 3 - iv - APPENDIX D - PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING FLUX TRANSITION SPACING 51 APPENDIX E - DATA SEPARATORS
18、FOR DECODING MFM RECORDING 55 APPENDIX F - EDC IMPLEMENTATION 57 APPENDIX G - CARTRIDGE DISTORTIOn TEST GAUGE 59 APPENDIX H - METHOD FOR MEASURING PEAK SHIFT 61 APPENDIX J - METHOD FOR MEASURING OVERWRITE 65 3404593 0000033 5 -1- SECTION I SCOPE FIELD OF APPLICATION CONFORMANCE GENERAL DESCRIPTION D
19、EFINITIONS 3404593 0000034 7 W 1. SCOPE, FIELD OF APPLICATION AND CONFORMANCE 1.1 Scope and Field of Application This ECMA Standard specifies the characteristics of 90 mm flexible disk cartridges recorded at 7958 ftprad using modified frequency modulation record- ing, on 80 tracks on each side. It s
20、pecifies the mechanical, physical and magnetic characteristics of the cartridge, so as to provide physical interchangeability between data processing systems. It also specifies the method of recording, the quality of the recorded signals, th track layout and the track format. Together with the label
21、ling scheme of Standard ECMA-107, this Standard pro- vides for full data interchange between data processing systems. 1.2 Conformance A 90 mm flexible disk cartridge is in conformance with this Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified herein. 2. REFERENCES ECMA-6 7-Bit Coded Charact
22、er Set ECMA-35 Code Extension Techniques ECM A-43 8-Bit Coded Character Set - Structure and Rules ECMA-91 File Structure and Labelling of Flexible Disk Cartridges for Information Interchange ECMA-107 Volume and File Structure of Flexible Disk Cartridges for Information Interchange. IS0 683113 Wrough
23、t Stainless Steels 3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Drawings In the enclosed drawings: Fig. 1 Fig. 2 shows Side 1, Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Main Elements The main elements of the flexible disk cartridge are: - the recording disk, - the liner, - the case. shows Side O and enlarged cross-sections through the locati
24、on holes, shows at a larger scale the upper part of Side O without shutter, shows the disk with hub, and shows the interface between the cartridge and the drive. Previous page is blank i f O 3404593 0080035 9 -4- 3.3 Description The cartridge is of a substantially square form. It includes a central
25、hole on one side, a head window on both sides and a write-inhibit hole. The liner is provided between the case and the disk. It comprises two layers of material between which the disk lies. The disk has a central hole with a metal hub attached. 4. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard the fol
26、lowing definitions apply. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Recording Disk A flexible disk which accepts and retains, on the specified side or sides, magnetic signals intended for input/output and storage purposes. Hub A centring and referencing device attached to the disk which allows torque to be transm
27、itted to the disk. The hub is attached to the centre of the disk. It ensures centring of the disk on the drive shaft in a unique angular position. Shutter A device which uncovers the head windows upon insertion, and automatically covers them upon removal from the drive. Liner Suitable material posit
28、ioned between the case and the disk to provide cleaning action and protection from abrasion. Case A protective enclosure including a shutter mechanism, identification hole and a write-inhibit hole. Master Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge A reference flexible disk cartridge selected as the
29、standard for reference fields, signal amplitudes, resolution, peak shift and overwrite. Track O0 and Track 79 on both sides are declared as reference tracks. The reference tracks are calibrated at 600 rpm. The calibration is also valid for use at 300 rpm. Note I This Masler Standard has been establi
30、shed by the Physikalisch- Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 0-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. Secondary Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge A flexible disk cartridge the performance of which is known and stated in rela- tion to that of the Master Standard Reference Flexible Disk Ca
31、rtridge. 3404593 000003b O = -5- Note 2 Secondary Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridges can be ordered until 1997 from PTB, Lab. 1.41, under Part Number RM 8860. It U intended that these be used for calibrating tertiary cartridges for use in routine calibration. 4.8 Typical Field The minimum r
32、ecording field which, when applied to a flexible disk cartridge, causes an average signal amplitude equal to 95% of the maximum Average Signal Amplitude when taken as a function of the recording field at the specified track and flux transition density. 4.9 Reference Field The Reference Field is the
33、Typical Field of the Master Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge. There are two Reference Fields, one f0.r each side. 4.10 Test Recording Current The Test Recording Current is the current between 148% and 152% of the current which produces the Reference Field at If on Track OO. There are two T
34、est Recording Currents, one for each side. The Standard Reference Amplitudes (SRAs) are the Average Signal Amplitudes derived from the reference tracks of the Master Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge using the Test Recording Current. There are four SRAs, two or each side: SRA-lf is the Aver
35、age Signal Amplitude from a recording written using If at Track OO. SRA-2f is the Average Signal Amplitude from a Recording written using 2f at Track 79. 4.1 1 Standard Reference Amplitude 4.12 Average Signal Amplitude The Average Signal Amplitude for a track is the arithmetically averaged value of
36、the output voltages measured peak-to-peak over the whole track. 4.13 In-Contact An operating condition in which the magnetic surface of the disk is in physical contact with the magnetic heads. 4.14 Side Side O is the side engaged by the spindle. Side 1 is the opposite side. 4.15 Direction of Rotatio
37、n The direction of rotation shall be counter-clockwise when looking at Side O. 4.16 Index The signal generated in the index transducer of the drive by the drive spindle once per revolution. _ W 3404593 0000037 2 W -6- 4.17 Line of Access The straight line described by the centre of the gap of the re
38、ad/write head as it is positioned from Track O0 to Track 79. 4.18 Formatting Writing the proper control information establishing the physical cylinders and the addresses of physical records on the surfaces of the flexible disk. 4.19 Initialization Writing any information initially required to be on
39、the flexible disk cartridge, e.g. the Volume Label, prior to the commencement of general processing use. E 3404593 O000038 4 I -7- SECTION II GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 3404593 0000039 b W -9- 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Environment and Transportation 5.1.1 Testing
40、environment Tests and measurements made on the cartridge to check the requirements of this Standard shall be carried out under the following conditions: : 23 “C k 2 “C Temperature RH : 40% to 60% Conditioning before testing : 24 hours minimum For the tests specified in 8.3 the temperature and the RH
41、 shall be measured in the air immediately surrounding the cartridge drive. For all other tests the temperature and the RH shall be measured in the air immediately surrounding the cartridge. The stray magnetic field at any point on the disk surface, including that resulting from the concentrating eff
42、ect of the recording head, shall not exceed 4000 Nm. 5.1.2 Operating environment Cartridges used for data interchange shall be operated under the following conditions: : 10 “C to 51,5 “CI : less than 29 “C Tem pera t u re RH : 20% to 80% Wet bulb temperature The temperature and the RH shall be measu
43、red in the air immediately sur- rounding the cartridge. It is recommended that the rate of change of the temperature should not exceed 20 “C per hour. It is also recommended that the temperature and the RH conditions when reading a cartridge are not at the opposite extremes to the conditions when it
44、 was recorded. There shall be no deposit of moisture on or in the cartridge. The stray magnetic field at any point on the disk surface, including that resulting from the concentrating effect of the recording head, shall not exceed 4000 Nm. 5.1.3 Storage environment During storage the cartridges shal
45、l be kept within the following conditions: : 4 “C to 53 “C Temperature RH : 8% to 90% The ambient stray magnetic field shall not exceed 4000 A/m. There shall be no deposit of moisture on or in the cartridge. Previous page is blank . . , W 3404593 0000040 2 CB - 10- Note 3 Cartridges which have been
46、stored at temperatures and humidities exceeding the operating conditions may exhibit degraded performance characteristics. Such cartridges should be subjected to a conditioning period of not less than 24 hours within the operating environment prior to use. 5.1.4 Transportation Responsibility for ens
47、uring that adequate precautions are taken during the transportation shall be with the sender. The cartridge shall be in a protective package free from dust or extraneous matter. It is recommended that a suffi- cient space exists between cartridge and outer surface of the final container, so that ris
48、k of erasure due to stray magnetic fields will be negligible. It is recommended that the following conditions are not exceeded: Temperature : -40 “C to 60 “C Maximum rate of temperature change RH : 8% to 90% : 20 “C per hour There should be no deposit of moisture on or in the cartridge. 5.2 Materiai
49、s 5.2.1 Case The case may be constructed from any suitable material such that it meets the requirements of 6.7. 5.2.2 Liner The material of the liner shall be able to retain dust or debris without damage to the disk. 5.2.3 Disk The disk may be constructed from any suitable material (e.g. bi-axially ori- ented polyethylene terephthalate) coated on both sides with a flexible layer of magnetic material. The hub shall be made of any suitable material (e.g. stainless steel alloy according to IS0 683/13, type 8). 5.2.4 Hub 6. DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS The dimensions of the cartridge are re
