1、 Standard ECMA-1192ndEdition - December 1987Reprinted September 1998Standardizing Information and Communication Systems Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.ch Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange . Standard ECMA-
2、1192ndEdition - December 1987Standardizing Information and Communication Systems Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.ch Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange . Brief History In the past years compact disks origina
3、lly developed for recording music have also been used for recording data as they allow recording of large amounts of information in a reliable and economic manner. As a read-only medium they are particularly suitable for use in applications such as auditing and legal documents. It appeared very quic
4、kly that there is an urgent need for a stable standard for the structure of such compact disks and of the files recorded thereon. In October 1985 a number of industrial and software companies in the USA invited experts to participate in the development of a working paper for such a project. The resu
5、lt of this work, in which also expert members of ECMA/TC15 as well as from Japan participated, was a report dated May 1986 and known as the “High Sierra Group” proposal. This proposal was submitted in Europe to ECMA for their consideration. ECMA TC15, in collaboration with experts from user organiza
6、tions, invested a considerable amount of work into this proposal in order to clarify and complete its technical contents and to re-edit it in a form suitable for an Standard. Particular attention was given to conformance aspects by applying the same editing principles as for the other standards for
7、labelling, such as ECMA-13 (ISO 1001) and ECMA-107 (ISO 9293). As a result Standard ECMA-119 was issued in December 1986. This ECMA Standard was submitted by ECMA to ISO for processing as an International Standard under the ISO fast-track procedure, which resulted in International Standard ISO 9660
8、in which a number of improvements and editorial amendments were introduced. This 2ndEdition of Standard ECMA-119 is technically identical with ISO 9660. Adopted as 2ndEdition of Standard ECMA-119 by the General Assembly of 10thDecember 1987. . iTable of contents Section I - General 1 1 Scope and fie
9、ld of application 1 2 Conformance 1 2.1 Conformance of a CD-ROM 1 2.2 Conformance of an information processing system 1 3 References 1 4 Definitions 1 4.1 application program 2 4.2 byte 2 4.3 Data Field of a sector 2 4.4 data preparer 2 4.5 descriptor 2 4.6 Extent 2 4.7 file 2 4.8 File Section 2 4.9
10、 implementation 2 4.10 Logical Block 2 4.11 originating system 2 4.12 receiving system 2 4.13 record 2 4.14 sector 2 4.15 standard for recording 2 4.16 user 3 4.17 volume 3 4.18 Volume Set 3 5 Notation 3 5.1 Decimal and hexadecimal notations 3 5.2 Other notation 3 Section II: Requirements for the me
11、dium 3 6 Volume structure 3 6.1 Arrangement of data on a CD-ROM 3 6.1.1 Physical Addresses 3 6.1.2 Logical Sector 3 6.1.3 Volume Space 4 6.2 Arrangement of the Volume Space 4 6.2.1 System Area and Data Area 4 6.2.2 Logical Block 4 6.3 Arrangement of the Data Area 4 6.4 Arrangement of Extents 5 6.4.1
12、 Extent 5 6.4.2 Mode of recording a File Section 5 6.4.3 Interleaved mode 5 6.4.4 Non-interleaved mode 6 ii6.4.5 Data length of a File Section 6 6.4.6 Relation of Extended Attribute Record to File Section 6 6.4.7 Recording of a Volume Partition 7 6.5 File structure 7 6.5.1 Relation to File Sections
13、7 6.5.2 Numbering of bytes in a file 7 6.5.3 Contents of a file 7 6.5.4 Associated file 7 6.6 Volume Set 7 6.7 Volume Descriptors 8 6.7.1 Volume Descriptor Set 8 6.8 Directory structure 8 6.8.1 Directory 8 6.8.2 Directory Hierarchy 9 6.8.3 Relation of Directory Hierarchies 10 6.9 Path Table 10 6.9.1
14、 Order of Path Table Records 10 6.9.2 Path Table Group 11 6.9.3 Recorded Occurrences of the Path Table 11 6.9.4 Consistency of Path Tables between volumes of a Volume Group 11 6.10 Record structure 11 6.10.1 Characteristics 11 6.10.2 Measured Data Units (MDU) 11 6.10.3 Fixed-length records 12 6.10.4
15、 Variable-length records 12 7 Recording of descriptor fields 12 7.1 8-bit numerical values 12 7.2 16-bit numerical value 12 7.2.1 Least significant byte first 12 7.2.2 Most significant byte first 12 7.2.3 Both-byte orders 13 7.3 32-bit numerical values 13 7.3.1 Least significant byte first 13 7.3.2
16、Most significant byte first 13 7.3.3 Both-byte orders 13 7.4 Character sets and coding 13 7.4.1 d-characters and a-characters 13 7.4.2 c-characters 14 7.4.3 Separators 14 7.4.4 Use of characters in descriptor fields 14 7.4.5 Justification of characters 14 7.5 File Identifier 14 7.5.1 File Identifier
17、 format 14 7.5.2 File Identifier length 15 7.6 Directory Identifier 15 7.6.1 Directory Identifier Format 15 7.6.2 Reserved Directory Identifiers 15 7.6.3 Directory Identifier length 15 iii8 Volume Descriptors 15 8.1 Format of a Volume Descriptor 15 8.1.1 Volume Descriptor Type (BP 1) 15 8.1.2 Standa
18、rd Identifier (BP 2 to 6) 15 8.1.3 Volume Descriptor Version (BP 7) 16 8.1.4 Depends on Volume Descriptor Type (BP 8 to 2 048) 16 8.2 Boot Record 16 8.2.1 Volume Descriptor Type (BP 1) 16 8.2.2 Standard Identifier (BP 2 to 6) 16 8.2.3 Volume Descriptor Version (BP 7) 16 8.2.4 Boot System Identifier
19、(BP 8 to 39) 16 8.2.5 Boot Identifier (BP 40 to 71) 16 8.2.6 Boot System Use (BP 72 to 2048) 16 8.3 Volume Descriptor Set Terminator 17 8.3.1 Volume Descriptor Type (BP 1) 17 8.3.2 Standard Identifier (BP 2 to 6) 17 8.3.3 Volume Descriptor Version (BP 7) 17 8.3.4 Reserved for future standardization
20、(BP 8 to 2048) 17 8.4 Primary Volume Descriptor 17 8.4.1 Volume Descriptor Type (BP 1) 18 8.4.2 Standard Identifier (BP 2 to 6) 18 8.4.3 Volume Descriptor Version (BP 7) 18 8.4.4 Unused Field (BP 8) 18 8.4.5 System Identifier (BP 9 to 40) 18 8.4.6 Volume Identifier (BP 41 to 72) 19 8.4.7 Unused Fiel
21、d (BP 73 to 80) 19 8.4.8 Volume Space Size (BP 81 to 88) 19 8.4.9 Unused Field (BP 89 to 120) 19 8.4.10 Volume Set Size (BP 121 to 124) 19 8.4.11 Volume Sequence Number (BP 125 to 128) 19 8.4.12 Logical Block Size (BP 129 to 132) 19 8.4.13 Path Table Size (BP 133 to 140) 19 8.4.14 Location of Occurr
22、ence of Type L Path Table (BP 141 to 144) 19 8.4.15 Location of Optional Occurrence of Type L Path Table (BP 145 to 148) 19 8.4.16 Location of Occurrence of Type M Path Table (BP 149 to 152) 19 8.4.17 Location of Optional Occurrence of Type M Path Table (BP 153 to 156) 19 8.4.18 Directory Record for
23、 Root Directory (BP 157 to 190) 20 8.4.19 Volume Set Identifier (BP 191 to 318) 20 8.4.20 Publisher Identifier (BP 319 to 446) 20 8.4.21 Data Preparer Identifier (BP 447 to 574) 20 8.4.22 Application Identifier (BP 575 to 702) 20 8.4.23 Copyright File Identifier (BP 703 to 739) 20 8.4.24 Abstract Fi
24、le Identifier (BP 740 to 776) 21 8.4.25 Bibliographic File Identifier (BP 777 to 813) 21 8.4.26 Volume Creation Date and Time (BP 814 to 830) 21 8.4.27 Volume Modification Date and Time (BP 831 to 847) 21 8.4.28 Volume Expiration Date and Time (BP 848 to 864) 21 8.4.29 Volume Effective Date and Time
25、 (BP 865 to 881) 22 8.4.30 File Structure Version (BP 882) 22 8.4.31 Reserved for future standardization (BP 883) 22 8.4.32 Application Use (BP 884 to 1395) 22 8.4.33 Reserved for future standardization (BP 1396 to 2048) 22 8.5 Supplementary Volume Descriptor 22 8.5.1 Volume Descriptor Type (BP 1) 2
26、3 8.5.2 Volume Descriptor Version (BP 7) 23 iv8.5.3 Volume Flags (BP 8) 23 8.5.4 System Identifier (BP 9 to 40) 23 8.5.5 Volume Identifier (BP 41 to 72) 23 8.5.6 Escape Sequences (BP 89 to 120) 23 8.5.7 Path Table Size (BP 133 to 140) 24 8.5.8 Location of Occurrence of Type L Path Table (BP 141 to 1
27、44) 24 8.5.9 Location of Optional Occurrence of Type L Path Table (BP 145 to 148) 24 8.5.10 Location of Occurrence of Type M Path Table (BP 149 to 152) 24 8.5.11 Location of Optional Occurrence of Type M Path Table (BP 153 to 156) 24 8.5.12 Directory Record for Root Directory (BP 157 to 190) 24 8.5.
28、13 Volume Set Identifier (BP 191 to 318) 24 8.5.14 Publisher Identifier (BP 319 to 446) 24 8.5.15 Data Preparer Identifier (BP 447 to 574) 25 8.5.16 Application Identifier (BP 575 to 702) 25 8.5.17 Copyright File Identifier (BP 703 to 739) 25 8.5.18 Abstract File Identifier (BP 740 to 776) 25 8.5.19
29、 Bibliographic File Identifier (BP 777 to 813) 25 8.5.20 Application Use (BP 884 to 1 395) 25 8.6 Volume Partition Descriptor 25 8.6.1 Volume Descriptor Type (BP 1) 26 8.6.2 Standard Identifier (BP 2 to 6) 26 8.6.3 Volume Descriptor Version (BP 7) 26 8.6.4 Unused Field (BP 8) 26 8.6.5 System Identif
30、ier (BP 9 to 40) 26 8.6.6 Volume Partition Identifier (BP 41 to 72) 26 8.6.7 Volume Partition Location (BP 73 to 80) 26 8.6.8 Volume Partition Size (BP 81 to 88) 26 8.6.9 System Use (BP 89 to 2 048) 27 9 File and Directory Descriptors 27 9.1 Format of a Directory Record 27 9.1.1 Length of Directory
31、Record (LEN_DR) (BP 1) 27 9.1.2 Extended Attribute Record Length (BP 2) 27 9.1.3 Location of Extent (BP 3 to 10) 27 9.1.4 Data Length (BP 11 to 18) 27 9.1.5 Recording Date and Time (BP 19 to 25) 28 9.1.6 File Flags (BP 26) 28 9.1.7 File Unit Size (BP 27) 29 9.1.8 Interleave Gap Size (BP 28) 29 9.1.9
32、 Volume Sequence Number (BP 29 to 32) 29 9.1.10 Length of File Identifier (LEN_FI) (BP 33) 29 9.1.11 File Identifier BP 34 to (33 + LEN-FI) 29 9.1.12 Padding Field BP (34 + LEN_FI) 29 9.1.13 System Use BP (LEN_DR - LEN_SU + 1) to LEN_DR) 30 9.2 Consistency of File Attributes between Directory Record
33、s of a File 30 9.3 Order of Directory Records 30 9.4 Format of a Path Table Record 31 9.4.1 Length of Directory Identifier (LEN_DI) (BP 1) 31 9.4.2 Extended Attribute Record length (BP 2) 31 9.4.3 Location of Extent (BP 3 to 6) 31 9.4.4 Parent Directory Number (BP 7 to 8) 31 9.4.5 Directory Identifi
34、er BP 9 to (8 + LEN_DI) 31 9.4.6 Padding Field BP (9 + LEN_DI) 31 9.5 Format of an Extended Attribute Record 32 9.5.1 Owner Identification (BP 1 to 4) 32 v9.5.2 Group Identification (BP 5 to 8) 32 9.5.3 Permissions (BP 9 to 10) 32 9.5.4 File Creation Date and Time (BP 11 to 27) 34 9.5.5 File Modific
35、ation Date and Time (BP 28 to 44) 34 9.5.6 File Expiration Date and Time (BP 45 to 61) 35 9.5.7 File Effective Date and Time (BP 62 to 78) 35 9.5.8 Record Format (BP 79) 35 9.5.9 Record Attributes (BP 80) 35 9.5.10 Record Length (BP 81 to 84) 35 9.5.11 System Identifier (BP 85 to 116) 35 9.5.12 Syst
36、em Use (BP 117 to 180) 36 9.5.13 Extended Attribute Record Version (BP 181) 36 9.5.14 Length of Escape Sequences (BP 182) 36 9.5.15 Reserved for future standardization (BP 183 to 246) 36 9.5.16 Length of Application Use (BP 247 to 250) 36 9.5.17 Application Use BP 251 to (250 + LEN-AU) 36 9.5.18 Esc
37、ape Sequences BP (251 + LEN_AU) to (250 + LEN_ESC + LEN_AU) 36 9.6 Consistency of File Attributes between Extended Attribute Records of a File 36 10 Levels of interchange 36 10.1 Level 1 36 10.2 Level 2 36 10.3 Level 3 37 Section three: Requirements for systems 37 11 Requirement for the description
38、of systems 37 12 Requirements for an originating system 37 12.1 General 37 12.2 Files 37 12.3 Descriptors 37 12.4 System Area 39 13 Requirements for a receiving system 39 13.1 General 39 13.2 Files 39 13.3 Descriptors 39 13.4 Restrictions 40 13.5 Levels of Implementation 40 13.5.1 Level 1 40 13.5.2
39、Level 2 40 Appendix A - Standard ECMA-6 : International Reference Version (IRV) 42 .viSection I - General 1 Scope and field of application This Standard specifies the volume and file structure of compact read only optical disks (CD-ROM) for the interchange of information between users of information
40、 processing systems. This Standard specifies the attributes of the volume and the descriptors recorded on it; the relationship among volumes of a volume set; the placement of files; the attributes of the files; record structures intended for use in the input or output data streams of an application
41、program when such data streams are required to be organized as sets of records; three nested levels of medium interchange; two nested levels of implementation; requirements for the processes which are provided within information processing systems, to enable information to be interchanged between di
42、fferent systems, utilizing recorded CD-ROM as the medium of interchange; for this purpose it specifies the functions to be provided within systems which are intended to originate or receive CD-ROM which conform to this Standard. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance of a CD-ROM A CD-ROM sconforms to this St
43、andard when all information recorded on it conforms to the requirements of Section II of this Standard. A statement of conformance shall identify the lowest level of interchange to which the contents of the CD-ROM conform. A prerequisite to such conformance is conformance of the CD-ROM to a standard
44、 for recording (see 4.15). 2.2 Conformance of an information processing system An information processing system shall be in conformance with this Standard if it meets the requirements specified in Sections II and III of this Standard either for an originating system, or for a receiving system, or fo
45、r both types of system. A statement of conformance shall identify which level of these requirements can be met by the system. 3 References ECMA-6 : 7-Bit Coded Character Set ECMA-35 : Code Extension Techniques ECMA-43 : 8-Bit Code Structure and Rules ISO 1539 : Programming languages - FORTRAN. ISO 2
46、375 : Data processing - Procedure for registration of escape sequences International Register of Coded Character Sets to Be Used With Escape Sequences Standards for recording: This Standard assumes the existence of a standard for recording (see 4.15). 4 Definitions For the purposes of this Standard,
47、 the following definitions apply. - 2 - 4.1 application program A program that processes the contents of a file, and may also process selected attribute data relating to the file or to the volume(s) on which the file is recorded. NOTE 1 An application program is a specific class of user, as defined
48、in this Standard. 4.2 byte A string of eight binary digits operated upon as a unit. 4.3 Data Field of a sector A field containing the data of a sector. 4.4 data preparer A person or other entity which controls the preparation of the data to be recorded on a volume group. NOTE 2 A data preparer is a
49、specific class of user as defined in this Standard. 4.5 descriptor A structure containing descriptive information about a volume or a file. 4.6 Extent A set of logical blocks, the logical block numbers of which form a continuous ascending sequence. 4.7 file A named collection of information. 4.8 File Section That part of a file that is recorded in any one extent. 4.9 implementation A set of processes which enable an information processing system to behave as an originating system, or as a receiving system, or as both types of system. 4.10 Logical Block A gro
