1、Standard ECMA-2742ndEdition - June 1999Standardizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chData Interchange on 120 mmOptical Disk using +RW Format -Capacity: 3,0 Gbytes and 6,0Gbytes.Standard ECMA-2742
2、ndEdition - June 1999Standardizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chMB ECMA-274.DOC 09-08-99 12,09Data Interchange on 120 mmOptical Disk using +RW Format -Capacity: 3,0 Gbytes and 6,0Gbytes.Brief
3、HistoryECMA Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and Optical DiskCartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC toward thedevelopment of ECMA Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 300 mm, and 356 mm
4、media. Numerous standardshave been developed by TC31 and published by ECMA, almost all of which have also been adopted by ISO/IECunder the fast-track procedure as ECMA Standards.In May 1997 a group of Companies proposed to TC31 to develop a standard for 120 mm rewritable optical diskusing Phase Chan
5、ge recording technology and a recording format known as the RW Format. TC31 adopted thisproject and started the work that has resulted in this ECMA Standard.This ECMA Standard specifies two Types of rewritable optical disks, one (Type S) making use of recording on onlya single side of the disk and y
6、ielding a nominal capacity of 3,0 Gbytes per disk and the other (Type D) making use ofrecording on both sides of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 6,0 Gbytes per disk. This ECMA Standard hasbeen adopted by ISO/IEC JTC 1 as International Standard ISO/IEC 16969.This ECMA Standard, taken toge
7、ther with a standard for volume and file structure developed in ECMA TechnicalCommittee TC15, provides the requirements for information interchange between systems.Adopted as 2ndedition of Standard ECMA-274 by the ECMA General Assembly of .June 1999.- i -Table of contentsSection 1 - General 11 Scope
8、 12 Conformance 12.1 Optical Disk 12.2 Generating system 12.3 Receiving system 12.4 Compatibility statement 13 Reference 14 Definitions 14.1 Alternating Fine Clock Mark (AFCM) 24.2 Channel bit 24.3 Clamping Zone 24.4 Digital Sum Value (DSV) 24.5 Disk Reference Plane 24.6 dummy substrate 24.7 entranc
9、e surface 24.8 field 24.9 interleaving 24.10 land and groove 24.11 mark 24.12 phase change 24.13 Physical Sector 24.14 recording layer 24.15 Reed-Solomon code (RS) 24.16 segment number 24.17 space 34.18 substrate 34.19 track 34.20 track number 34.21 track pitch 34.22 wobble 34.23 zone 35 Conventions
10、 and notations 35.1 Representation of numbers 35.2 Names 36 List of acronyms 47 General description of the optical disk 48 General Requirements 58.1 Environments 58.1.1 Test environment 58.1.2 Operating environment 58.1.3 Storage environment 68.1.4 Transportation 6- ii -8.2 Safety requirements 68.3
11、Flammability 69 Reference Drive 69.1 Optical system 69.2 Optical beam 79.3 Read channel 1 79.4 Disk clamping 89.5 Rotation of the disk 89.6 Tracking channel (Read channel 2) 89.6.1 Normalized servo transfer function 89.6.2 Reference Servo for Axial Tracking 99.6.3 Reference Servo for Radial Tracking
12、 10Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 1110 Dimensional characteristics 1110.1 Reference Planes 1110.2 Overall dimensions 1110.3 First transition area 1210.4 Second transition area 1210.5 Clamping Zone 1210.6 Third transition area 1210.7 Information Zone 1310
13、.8 Rim area 1310.9 Remark on tolerances 1311 Mechanical characteristics 1411.1 Mass 1411.2 Moment of inertia 1411.3 Dynamic imbalance 1511.4 Axial runout 1511.5 Radial runout 1512 Optical characteristics 1512.1 Index of refraction 1512.2 Thickness of the substrate 1512.3 Reflectivity 1612.4 Birefrin
14、gence 1612.5 Angular deviation 16Section 3 - Format of information 1713 Data format 1713.1 Data Frames 1713.1.1 Identification Data (ID) 1813.1.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED) 1913.1.3 RSV 1913.1.4 Error Detection Code (EDC) 1913.2 Scrambled Frames 1913.3 ECC Blocks 2013.4 Recording Frames 2213.5 Mo
15、dulation and NRZI conversion 22- iii -13.6 Physical Sectors 2313.7 Layout of a Recording Unit Block (RUB) 2413.7.1 Sync Frames used for linking 2413.7.2 Start Position Shift (SPS) 2513.7.3 Recording Unit Block position 2513.8 d.c. component suppression control 2614 Track format 2614.1 Track shape 26
16、14.2 Track path 2714.3 Track pitch 2714.4 Track number 2714.5 Track layout 2714.5.1 Segment layout 2814.5.2 AFCMs 30Section 4 - Format of the Information Zone 3115 General description of the Information Zone 3116 Layout of the Information Zone 3216.1 Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs) 3217 Lead-in Zone
17、3317.1 Initial Zone 3417.2 Reference Code Zone 3417.3 Buffer Zone 1 3517.4 Control Data Zone 3517.4.1 Physical format information 3517.4.2 Disk manufacturing information 3917.4.3 Content provider information 3917.5 Buffer Zone 2 3917.6 Connection Zone 3917.7 Guard Zone 1 4017.8 Inner Disk Test Zone
18、4017.9 Inner Drive Test Zone 4017.10 Guard Zone 2 4017.11 DMA Zone 1 4017.12 Inner Disk Identification Zone 4017.13 DMA Zone 2 4018 Data Zone 4019 Lead-out Zone 4019.1 DMA Zone 3 4119.2 Outer Disk Identification Zone 4119.3 DMA Zone 4 4119.4 Guard Zone 3 4119.5 Outer Drive Test Zone 4119.6 Outer Dis
19、k Test Zone 4119.7 Guard Zone 4 4120 The use of the Defect Management Areas 42- iv -20.1 Defect Management Areas 4220.2 Primary Defect List (PDL) 4220.3 Secondary Defect List (SDL) 4420.4 Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs) 4520.5 Slipping and Linear Replacement algorithms and requirements 4
20、621 Disk Control ECC Blocks (DCBs) 4621.1 Format of Disk Control ECC Blocks 46Section 5 - Characteristics of the groove 4722 General 4723 Method of testing 4823.1 Environment 4823.2 Reference Drive 4823.2.1 Optics and mechanics 4823.2.2 Read power 4823.2.3 Read channels 4823.2.4 Tracking 4823.3 Defi
21、nition of signals 4824 Characteristics of the groove signals 4924.1 Push-pull signal 4924.2 Track Cross signal 4924.3 Phase depth 4924.4 Normalized wobble signal 4924.5 Characteristics of the wobble 5024.6 Characteristics of the Alternating Fine Clock Marks (AFCM) 5025 Method of testing 5025.1 Envir
22、onment 5025.2 Reference Drive 5025.2.1 Optics and mechanics 5025.2.2 Read power 5025.2.3 Read channels 5025.2.4 Tracking 5025.2.5 Scanning velocity 5125.3 Write conditions for Rewritable area 5125.3.1 Write pulse waveform 5125.3.2 Write power 5125.3.3 Measurement conditions 5125.4 Jitter 5125.5 Chan
23、nel bit length 5125.6 Phase depth 5225.7 Definition of signals 5225.7.1 High frequency signals (HF) 5225.7.2 Modulated amplitude 5225.7.3 Reflectivity-modulation product 5225.7.4 Signal asymmetry 5225.7.5 Push-pull signal 5325.7.6 Track Cross signal 5325.7.7 Differential phase tracking error signal
24、53- v -Section 7 - Characteristics of user data 5426 Method of testing 5426.1 Environment 5426.2 Reference Drive 5426.2.1 Optics and mechanics 5526.2.2 Read power 5526.2.3 Read channels 5526.2.4 Error correction 5526.2.5 Tracking 5527 Minimum quality of a Recording Unit Block 5527.1 User-written dat
25、a 5527.2 Embossed data 5528 Data interchange requirements 5528.1 Tracking 5528.2 User-written data 5628.3 Quality of disk 56Annex A - Measurement of light reflectivity 57Annex B - Measurement of birefringence 59Annex C - Measuring conditions for operation signal 61Annex D - Measurement of the differ
26、ential phase tracking error 65Annex E - The write pulse wave form for testing 67Annex F - 8-to-16 Modulation 69Annex G - Optimum Power Control 77Annex H - Logical to Physical address translation 79Annex J - Recording Unit Block positioning 81Annex K - Transportation 83Annex L - Measurement of the gr
27、oove wobble amplitude 85Annex M - ADIP Encoding Process 87Annex N - Values to be Implemented in Existing and Future Specifications 89- vi -.Section 1 - General1ScopeThis ECMA Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mmrewritable optical disks with capacities of
28、3,0 Gbytes and 6,0 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recordedand unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for informationinterchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using thephase change method. These
29、 disks are identified as +RW.This ECMA Standard specifies two related but different Types of this disk (see clause 7), the conditions for conformance, the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored, the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as
30、to provide mechanicalinterchange between data processing systems, the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, theerror correcting codes and the coding method, the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data proc
31、essing systems to read thedata from the disk.This ECMA Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with astandard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.2 Conformance2.1 Optical DiskA claim of conf
32、ormance with this ECMA Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical diskshall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for itsType.2.2 Generating systemA generating system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if the optical disk
33、 it generates is inaccordance with 2.1.2.3 Receiving systemA receiving system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it is able to handle both Types ofoptical disk according to 2.1.2.4 Compatibility statementA claim of conformance by a Generating or Receiving system with this ECMA Standa
34、rd shall include astatement listing any other ECMA and ECMA Standards supported. This statement shall specify thenumbers of the standards, the optical disk types supported (where appropriate) and whether supportincludes reading only or both reading and writing.3 ReferenceECMA-287 Safety of electroni
35、c equipment (1999)4 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this ECMA Standard the following definitions apply:- 2 -4.1 Alternating Fine Clock Mark (AFCM)A single cycle deviation of the track from the average track centreline which is recorded periodically.4.2 Channel bitThe elements by which the binary value
36、s ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and spaces on the disk.4.3 Clamping ZoneThe annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.4.4 Digital Sum Value (DSV)The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to bits set to ONE
37、 and thedecimal value -1 to bits set to ZERO.4.5 Disk Reference PlaneA plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping Zone ofthe disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.4.6 dummy substrateA layer which may be transparent or not, p
38、rovided for the mechanical support of the disk, and in somecases, of the recording layer as well.4.7 entrance surfaceThe surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.4.8 fieldA subdivision of a sector.4.9 interleavingThe process of reallocating the physical sequence of units of dat
39、a so as to render the data more immune toburst errors.4.10 land and grooveA trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define thetrack location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land. The recording is made inthe groove.4
40、.11 markA feature of the recording layer which may take the form of an amorphous domain, a pit, or any other typeor form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data onthe disk.4.12 phase changeA physical effect by which the area of a recording layer
41、irradiated by a laser beam is heated so as tochange from an amorphous state to a crystalline state and vice versa.4.13 Physical SectorThe smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessedindependently of other addressable parts of the Zone.4.14 recording lay
42、erA layer of the disk on which data is written during manufacture and / or use.4.15 Reed-Solomon code (RS)An error detection and / or correction code.4.16 segment numberAngular location information contained in wobble data.- 3 -4.17 spaceA feature of the recording layer which may take the form of an
43、 crystalline, a non-pit, or any other type orform that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on thedisk.4.18 substrateA transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which theoptical beam accesses the
44、 recording layer.4.19 trackA 360 turn of a continuous spiral.4.20 track numberRadial location information contained in the wobble data, designating the track count in therewritable region of the disk.4.21 track pitchThe distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction.4.22
45、 wobbleA continuous sinusoidal deviation of the track from the average centreline. Location information isincluded as frequency modulated data in the wobble.4.23 zoneAn annular area of the disk.5 Conventions and notations5.1 Representation of numbersA measured value is rounded off to the least signi
46、ficant digit of the corresponding specified value. Forinstance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negativetolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275.Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.Numb
47、ers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F inparentheses.The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the mostsignificant bit shown to the left. In a pattern
48、 of n bits, bit bn-1shall be the most significant bit (msb) andbit b0shall be the least significant bit (lsb). Bit bn-1shall be recorded first.Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Twos complement.In each data field, the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB),
49、identified as Byte 0, shallbe recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last.In a field of 8n bits, bit b(8n-1)shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b0the least significantbit (lsb).Bit b(8n-1)shall be recorded first.5.2 NamesThe names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with an initial capital.- 4 -6 List of acronymsADIP Address in Pre-groove LSB Least Significant ByteAFCM Alternating Fine Clock Mark msb Most Significant BitBP Byte Position MSB Most Significant ByteBPF Band Pass Filter NRZ Non Return to ZeroCAV Constant Angular Velocit
