1、 Reference numberECMA-123:2009Ecma International 2009ECMA-379 3rdEdition / June 2010 Test Method for the Estimation of the Archival Lifetime of Optical Media COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma International 2010 Ecma International 2010 iContents Page Section 1 General 1 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3
2、Normative references 2 4 Terms and definitions . 2 5 Conventions and notations 3 5.1 Representation of numbers 3 5.2 Names . 3 6 List of acronyms 4 Section 2 Test and Evaluation . 5 7 Measurements . 5 7.1 Summary 5 7.1.1 Stress Incubation and Measuring 5 7.1.2 Assumptions 5 7.1.3 Error Rate . 5 7.1.
3、4 Data Quality 6 7.1.5 Regression . 6 7.2 Test specimen 6 7.3 Recording conditions 6 7.3.1 Recording test environment . 6 7.3.2 Recording method . 7 7.4 Playback conditions 7 7.4.1 Playback tester 7 7.4.2 Playback test environment . 7 7.4.3 Calibration 7 7.5 Disk testing locations . 7 8 Accelerated
4、stress test . 8 8.1 General . 8 8.2 Stress conditions 8 8.2.1 General . 8 8.2.2 Temperature (T) . 9 8.2.3 Relative humidity (RH) 9 8.2.4 Incubation and Ramp Profiles 9 8.3 Measuring Time intervals . 10 8.4 Stress Conditions Design . 10 8.5 Media Orientation 11 9 Data Evaluation 11 9.1 Time-to-failur
5、e 11 9.2 Eyring acceleration model (Eyring Method) . 11 9.3 Data analysis 12 Annex A (normative) Data Analysis Steps Outline for Calculation of Media Life 13 Annex B (normative) Analysis for Calculation of Media Life . 15 Annex C (normative) Uncontrolled Ambient Condition Media Life Calculation . 25
6、 Annex D (informative) Truncated Test Method (Determination of Media Life Lower Bound) . 27 ii Ecma International 2010Annex E (informative) Relation between BER and PI Sum 8 31 Bibliography 33 Ecma International 2010 iiiIntroduction Markets and industry have developed the common understanding that t
7、he property referred to as the archival life of data recorded to optical media plays an increasingly important role for the intended applications. The existing standard test methodologies for recordable media include Magneto Optical media and recordable compact disk systems. It was agreed that the p
8、roject represented by this document be undertaken in order to provide a methodology that includes the testing of newer, currently available products. The Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA) initiated work on this subject and developed the initial drafts. Following that development, the pro
9、ject was moved to Ecma International TC31 for further development and finalization. OSTA and Ecma wish to thank the members and organizations in NIST, CDs21 Solutions, and DCAj for their support of the development of this document. ECMA-379 1stEdition was fast-tracked to ISO/IEC JTC 1 in August 2007
10、 and during this process, its editorial content was slightly modified. The approved ISO/IEC IS 10995 Standard was published by ISO/IEC in April 2008. ECMA-379 2ndEdition is technically identical with the published ISO/IEC Standard IS 10995 1stEdition. ECMA-379 3rdEdition is editorial amendment inclu
11、ding corrections of some calculations, and Bootstrap method was deleted. Although Bootstrap method has no problem in itself, however, miscalculation might be caused depending on the data set conditions. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2010. iv Ecma International 2
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15、essors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an “AS IS“ basis and ECMA INTERNATIONAL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OR ANY IM
16、PLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.“ Test Method for the Estimation of the Archival Lifetime of Optical Media Section 1 General 1 Scope This Ecma Standard specifies an accelerated aging test method for estimating the life expectancy of the retrievability of infor
17、mation stored on recordable or rewritable optical disks. This test includes details on the following formats: DVD-R/-RW/-RAM, +R/+RW. It may be applied to additional optical disk formats with the appropriate specification substitutions and may be updated by committee in the future as required. This
18、document includes; stress conditions assumptions ambient conditions Controlled storage condition, e.g. 25 C and 50 % RH, using the Eyring model Uncontrolled storage condition, e.g. 30 C and 80 % RH, using the Arrhenius model evaluation system description specimen preparation data acquisition procedu
19、re data interpretation The methodology includes only the effects of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). It does not attempt to model degradation due to complex failure mechanism kinetics, nor does it test for exposure to light, corrosive gases, contaminants, handling, and variations in playb
20、ack subsystems. Disks exposed to these additional sources of stress or higher levels of T and RH are expected to experience shorter usable lifetimes. 2 Conformance Media tested by this methodology shall conform to all normative references specific to that media format. Ecma International 2010 13 Nor
21、mative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ECMA-267, 120 mm DVD - Read-Onl
22、y Disk, 3rdedition (ISO/IEC 16448:2002) ECMA-268, 80 mm DVD Read-Only Disk, 3rdedition (ISO/IEC 16449:2002) ECMA-330, 120 mm (4,7 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM), 3rdedition (ISO/IEC 17592:2004) ECMA-337, 120 mm and 80 mm - Optical Disk using +RW Forma
23、t Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per side (Recording speed up to 4X), 3rdedition (ISO/IEC 17341:2006) ECMA-338, 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Re-recordable Disk (DVD-RW) (ISO/IEC 17342:2004) ECMA-349, 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format Capacity: 4,7 and
24、 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X), 3rdedition (ISO/IEC 17344:2006) ECMA-359, 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable Disk (DVD-R) (ISO/IEC 23912:2005) ECMA-364, 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per S
25、ide (Recording speed up to 8x), 2nd edition (ISO/IEC 25434:2007) ECMA-371, 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW HS Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 8X) (ISO/IEC 26925:2006) ECMA-374, 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per
26、 Side (Recording speed 2,4x) (ISO/IEC 29642:2007) ECMA-382, 120 mm (8,54 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable Disk for Dual Layer (DVD-R for DL) (ISO/IEC 12862:2009) ECMA-384, 120 mm (8,54 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD re-recordable disk for dual l
27、ayer (DVD-RW for DL) (ISO/IEC 13170: 2009) ISO 18927:2002, Imaging materials Recordable compact disc systems Method for estimating the life expectancy based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definiti
28、ons apply. 4.1 archival (lifetime) ability of a medium or system to maintain the retrievability of recorded information for a specified extended period of years 4.2 Arrhenius method accelerated aging model based on the effects of temperature 2 Ecma International 20104.3 baseline initial test analysi
29、s measurements (e.g., initial error rate) after recording and before exposure to a stress condition; measurement at stress time t=0 hours 4.4 Eyring method accelerated aging model based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity 4.5 error rate rate of errors on the sample disk measured befo
30、re error correction is applied 4.6 incubation process of enclosing and maintaining controlled test sample environments 4.7 life expectancy (LE) length of time estimation that information is predicted to be retrievable in a system while in a specified environmental condition 4.8 maximum error rate ma
31、ximum of the error rate measured anywhere in one of the relevant areas on the disk. NOTE 1 for DVD-R/RW and +R/+RW, this is the Maximum PI Sum 8, for DVD-RAM, this is the Maximum BER. 4.9 retrievability ability to recover physical information as recorded 4.10 stress temperature and relative humidity
32、 variables to which the sample is exposed for the duration of test incubation intervals 4.11 system combination of hardware, software, storage medium and documentation used to record, retrieve and reproduce information 5 Conventions and notations 5.1 Representation of numbers A measured value is rou
33、nded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. 5.2 Names The names of entities, e.g. sp
34、ecific tracks, fields, zones, etc. are given a capital initial. Ecma International 2010 36 List of acronyms BER byte error rate LE life expectancy PI parity (of the) inner (code) 4 Ecma International 2010Section 2 Test and Evaluation 7 Measurements 7.1 Summary 7.1.1 Stress Incubation and Measuring A
35、 sampling of disks will be measured at 4 stress conditions plus a control disk at room ambient condition. A minimum number of 20 disks will be included as a group for each stress condition as shown in Table 2. Each stress conditions total time will be divided into interval time periods. Each disk in
36、 each group of disks will have their initial error rates measured before their exposure to stress conditions. Thereafter, each disk will be measured for its error rate after each stress condition incubation time interval. The control disk will also be measured following each incubation time interval
37、. 7.1.2 Assumptions This Standard makes the following assumptions for applicability of media to be tested specimen life distribution is appropriately modeled by a statistical distribution, the Eyring model can be used to model acceleration with the two both stresses involved (temperature and relativ
38、e humidity), the dominant failure mechanism acting at the usage condition is the same as that at the accelerated conditions, the compatibility of the disk and drive combination will affect the disks initial recording quality and the resulting archival test outcome, a hardware and software system nee
39、ded to read the disk will be available at the time the retrievability of the information is attempted, the recorded format will be recognizable and interpretable by the reading software. 7.1.3 Error Rate Of all specimen media the Error rate shall be measured in the disk testing locations as defined
40、in 7.5. For each sample the Maximum error rate shall be determined. Each DVD-R/RW, +R/+RW disk will have its maximum PI Sum 8 (Max PI Sum 8) determined. Each DVD-RAM disk will have its maximum byte error rate (Max BER) determined. Other disk formats not referenced in this document will have the maxi
41、mum of their defined error rates determined. Data collected at each time interval for each individual disk are then used to determine the estimated lifetime for that disk at that stress condition. Ecma International 2010 57.1.3.1 PI Sum 8 Per ISO/IEC 16448:2002, a row in an ECC block that has at lea
42、st 1 byte in error constitutes a PI error. PI Sum 8 is measured over 8 ECC blocks. In any 8 consecutive ECC blocks the total number of PI errors, also called PI Sum 8, before error correction shall not exceed 280. 7.1.3.2 BER The number of erroneous symbols shall be measured at any in consecutive 32
43、 ECC blocks in the first pass of the decoder before correction. The BER is the number of erroneous symbols divided by the total number of symbols included in the 32 consecutive ECC blocks. The maximum value of the BER measured over the area specified in 7.5 shall not exceed 10-3(See Annex E). 7.1.4
44、Data Quality Data quality is checked by plotting the median rank of the estimated time to failure values with a best fit line for each stress condition. The lines are then checked for reasonable parallelism. 7.1.5 Regression The mean lifetimes are regressed against temperature and relative humidity
45、according to an Eyring acceleration model. 7.2 Test specimen The disk sample set shall represent the construction, materials, manufacturing process, quality and variation of the final process output. Consideration shall be made to shelf life. Disks with longer shelf time before recording and testing
46、 may impact test results. Shelf time shall be representative of normal usage shelf time. 7.3 Recording conditions Before entering media are entered into accelerated aging tests, they shall be recorded as optimally as is practicable, according to the descriptions given in the related standard. OPC (o
47、ptimum power control) during the writing process shall serve as the method to achieve recorded media minimum error rates. It is generally understood that optimally recorded media will yield the longest predicted life results. Media is deemed acceptable for entry into the aging tests when its error r
48、ate and all other media parametric specifications are found to be within its respective standards specification limits. Recording hardware is at the discretion of the recording party. It may be either commercial drive-based or specialty recording tester based. It shall be capable of producing record
49、ings that meet all specifications. The maximum recording speed shall be at the medias highest rated speed and this speed shall be reported. 7.3.1 Recording test environment When performing the recordings, the air immediately surrounding the media shall have the following properties: temperature: 23 C to 35 C relative humidity: 45 % to 55 % atmospheric pressure: 60 kPa to 106 kPa 6 Ecma International 2010No condensation on the disk shall occur. Before testing, the disk shall be conditioned in this environment
