1、 ECMA-395 1st Edition / December 2010 Recordable Compact Disc Systems CD-RW Ultra-Speed COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma International 2010 CD-RW System Description Version 1.2 December 2010 Ecma International 2010 Ultra-Speed Compact Disc ReWritable System Description December 2010 CD-RW System De
2、scription Table of Contents December 2010 Ecma International 2010 i Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of illustrations iv List of tables v 1. General . 1-1 1.1 Scope 1-1 1.2 General Description. 1-1 1.3 References and conformance . 1-2 1.4 Definitions 1-3 1.4.1 General 1-3 1.4.2 Disc Lay-ou
3、t . 1-6 1.4.3 Writing modes . 1-9 1.4.4 Signals . 1-10 2. Disc Specification 2-1 2.1 General 2-1 2.1.1 Standard atmospheric conditions for testing. 2-1 2.1.2 The optical pick-up unit for disc measurements. . 2-1 2.1.3 Write strategies for US24 and US32 media testing . 2-2 2.1.3.1 US24 media testing
4、2-2 2.1.3.1.1 US24 media testing with 1T Write-strategy 2-2 2.1.3.1.2 US24 media testing with 2T Write-strategy 2-3 2.1.3.1.3 2T Write-strategy parameter range for US24 discs 2-5 2.1.3.2 US32 media testing 2-5 2.1.3.2.1 US32 media testing with 1T Write-strategy 2-5 2.1.3.2.2 US32 media testing with
5、2T Write-strategy 2-5 2.1.3.2.3 2T Write-strategy parameter range for US32 discs 2-7 2.2 The unrecorded disc . 2-7 2.3 The recorded disc . 2-11 2.4 The recorded disc specifications for read-out at shorter wavelengths (optional) . 2-13 3. Requirements Volume 2 describes the 4-10x (High Speed) type. V
6、olume 3 (this document) defines two types of Ultra Speed CD-RW discs: US24, an 8x-24x disc type that is compatible with Orange Book, Part III, Volume 3, Version 1.0. US32, an 8x-32x disc type that is write-incompatible with version 1.0. A new logo shall be used for US32 discs only: The disc type sha
7、ll be indicated by the Sub-type code B1B3 in the ATIP code, see paragraph 4.4.1.5, according to the Table 1: Disc type: sub-type: B1B3 OB Part III, Volume: 1-4x 000 1 4-10x 001 2 8-24x (US24) 010 3 8-32x (US32) 011 3 Table 1: CD-RW Disc types and their sub-type identification CD-RW System Descriptio
8、n Chapter 1 General December 2010 Ecma International 2010 1-2 Remark 1: Like the CD-DA system (Red Book, pages 84 up to 86), the CD-RW system offers the possibility of an 8 cm “CD-single“. Remark 2: When the chapter DISC SPECIFICATION of the Red Book is being referred to, pages 74 up to 83 are exclu
9、ded (description of CD-Video). Remark 3: For Data applications, the term “Red Book“ in this document must be replaced by “Yellow Book“ or “ISO 10149” or “Green Book“ if necessary for recording Data instead of Audio information. 1.3 References and conformance CD-RW Ultra-Speed conforms to the mandato
10、ry requirements specified in this document. All parts in this document are mandatory unless they are specially defined as recommended or optional or informative. Note: Due to advances in technology and market requirements, System Descriptions might need to be extended after some time. This could mea
11、n that new items, such as e.g.: new subcode modes and pointers, new ATIP formats, new data structures or definitions for reserved bits/bytes, may have to be added to a System Description. System designers should take notice of this in the design of their equipment. CD-RW Ultra-Speed also conforms to
12、 the applicable parts of the System Descriptions or international standards that are listed below: CD-DA: Compact Disc Digital Audio, specified in the System Description Compact Disc Digital Audio (“Red Book“), Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation. . (see also IEC 60908: 1987) CD-ROM: Comp
13、act Disc Read Only Memory, specified in the System Description Compact Disc Read Only Memory (“Yellow Book“), Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation. (see also ISO/IEC 10149: 1995) CD-i: Compact Disc Interactive, specified in the CD-i Full Functional Specification (“Green Book“), Royal Phili
14、ps Electronics and Sony Corporation. CD-ROM XA: Compact Disc Read Only Memory eXtended Architecture, specified in the System Description CD-ROM XA, Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation. CD-R: Compact Disc Recordable, specified in the System Description Recordable Compact Disc Systems, part
15、 II: CD-R, volume 1: 1x/2x/4x (“Orange Book“), Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation. CD-R MS: Compact Disc Recordable Multi-Speed, specified in the System Description Recordable Compact Disc Systems, part II: CD-R, volume 2: Multi-Speed (“Orange Book“), Royal Philips Electronics and Sony C
16、orporation. CD-WO: Compact Disc Write Once: name changed to CD-R. CD-RW System Description Chapter 1 General December 2010 Ecma International 2010 1-3 CD-RW: Compact Disc ReWritable, specified in the System Description Recordable Compact Disc Systems, part III: CD-RW, volume 1: 1x/2x/4x (“Orange Boo
17、k“) and part III: CD-RW, volume 2: 4x-10x ( “Orange Book”) Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation. Multisession CD: Multisession Compact Disc, specified in the Multisession Compact Disc Specification, Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation. CD-logos: CD Logo Guide, Royal Philips Elec
18、tronics ISO 646: Information processing ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange.Ref. No. ISO 646 : 1983 (E). Reference Measuring Methods: CD-Reference Measuring Methods, Specification Guidelines, Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation 1.4 Definitions 1.4.1 General x : x den
19、otes the average value of parameter x. x : x = x - x denotes the deviation of the instantaneous value of parameter x from the average value. ATER : ATIP Error Rate. Number of erroneous ATIP frames in proportion to the total number of frames, averaged over any 10 seconds. ATIP : Absolute Time In Pre-
20、groove. With an additional modulation of the “Wobble“, the “Groove“ contains a time-code information called ATIP, see chapter 4. Audio disc : A recorded disc which is not a Data disc. Audio Session : A Session containing Audio Tracks only. Audio Track : A Track which is not a Data Track. Block : A u
21、nity of 2352 bytes as defined in the Yellow Book (page 100). CD-RW enabled CD-player: A CD-audio or CD-ROM drive which meets the requirements of reading data from CD-RW media. CLV : Constant Linear Velocity is the speed with which the pre-groove or the recorded marks (or pits) and lands on the disc
22、pass the laser spot in tangential direction. Consumer CD-recorder : A CD-recorder designed and manufactured for consumer use and solely for recording signals in accordance with the CD-DA Format (Red Book). CW : Continuous Wave. The laser light output is at a constant level. CW-Erase : See Physical E
23、rase. Data disc : A disc on which every Session contains one or more Data Tracks. Data Session : A Session containing one or more Data Tracks. Data Track : A Track which is designated as “Data Track“ in CONTROL of the subcode Q-channel. Direct OverWrite (DOW) : The action in which new information is
24、 recorded over previously recorded information. CD-RW System Description Chapter 1 General December 2010 Ecma International 2010 1-4 DOW(n) : Denotes the nth overwrite cycle. Effect length : The average length of a specific (I3 I11) mark (pit) or land, as measured by Time Interval Analysis (see Red
25、Book). EFM : Eight to Fourteen Modulation. See chapter 6. EFM frame : A group of 588 channel bits, representing an EFM sync pattern, one byte of subcode information, 24 bytes of user data and 8 bytes of CIRC error correction parity symbols (see Red Book). The duration at nominal speed equals about 1
26、36 sec. Finalization : The action in which (partially) unrecorded or logically erased tracks are finished and the Lead-in and/or Lead-out areas are recorded or overwritten with the appropriate TOC subcode. Final Session : The last Session on a CD-RW disc can be designated as the Final Session. Addit
27、ion of Sessions after the Final Session is not possible. FWHM : Full Width Half Maximum (pre-) Groove : The guidance track in which clocking and time-code information is stored by means of an FM modulated wobble. Hybrid Disc : A Multisession disc of which the first Session is mastered. On a hybrid d
28、isc, recorded and mastered information may co-exist. Jitter : The 1 value of the time variations between leading and trailing edges of a specific (I3I11) mark (pit) or land as measured by Time Interval Analysis (see Red Book). Land : Land is characterized in the following way: When radial signals ar
29、e concerned, land is defined as the area between the grooves. When HF signals are concerned, land is defined as the area between the marks (pits) in tangential direction. Laser Modulation : During recording, the laser is switched on and off according to the “Write-strategy“. Logical Erase : A method
30、 to remove information from a disc area by overwriting it with an EFM signal containing mode 0 subcode according to chapter 5.4.3.1, 5.5.2.1 or 5.6.3.3 (see also attachment 13.1.4, 13.1.5and 13.1.6). A logically erased area is equivalent to an unrecorded area and has to be treated in the same way. M
31、arks : Recorded I3 I11 effects, where I = 1T length = 1 clock period. Mastered information : Information, stored as pits on the disc during the manufacturing process of the disc (when making the “master“). MID : Media IDentification code, see paragraph 4.4.6.2 Multisession disc : A disc that contain
32、s or can contain more than one Session (indicated in the first Lead-in area in mode 5 of the subcode Q-channel). m11 : Denotes the modulation I11/Itop, obtained under test conditions described in chapter 2.3. m11 : Denotes the average I11/Itop over a disc, obtained under test conditions described in
33、 chapter 2.3. Nominal CD Speed : The CLV that will result in an average EFM bitclock frequency of 4.3218 MHz or in an average pre-groove wobble frequency of 22.05 kHz. CD-RW System Description Chapter 1 General December 2010 Ecma International 2010 1-5 Nx nominal CD speed : A CLV speed, which is N t
34、imes the Nominal CD Speed. Normalized Push-Pull Ratio (NPPR) : The resulting value, when the normalized push pull amplitude before recording is divided by the normalized push pull amplitude after recording. See also chapter 1.4.4: Signals after recording. - Push pull amplitude before recording is no
35、rmalized to the groove level Ig before recording (see chapter 1.4.4). - Push pull amplitude after recording is normalized to the averaged groove level Iga after recording (see chapter 1.4.4). OPC : Optimum Power Control: see attachment 13.3. Overwrite : The action in which new information is recorde
36、d over previously recorded information. PBO : The optimum bias power. PECW : The power for a CW-Erase action. PEO : The optimum erase power for the creation of “lands“ during a recording or overwrite action. PWO : The optimum write power for the creation of “marks“ during a recording or overwrite ac
37、tion, as determined by the OPC procedure. PCA : Power Calibration Area: see chapter 1.4.2. Physical Erase : The action in which previously recorded information is erased by overwriting with a CW laser output. After a Physical Erase action, the erased area on the CD-RW disc is in the unrecorded state
38、 again. (see attachment 13.1.4) Pits : Mastered or recorded I3I11 effects. PMA : Program Memory Area: see chapter 1.4.2. Pre-groove : The guidance track in which clocking and time-code information is stored by means of an FM modulated wobble. Professional CD-recorder : A CD-recorder designed and man
39、ufactured for professional use and solely for recording signals in accordance with the CD-DA Format (Red Book), the CD-ROM Format (Yellow Book) and/or the CD-i Format (Green Book). Note: this professional category includes all CD-recorders other than “Consumer CD-recorders”. Random EFM : Random EFM
40、data are characterized by: - In the main channel: random data symbols (e.g. a recorded white noise audio signal). - In the subcode channel: all subcode bytes, except the sync and the CRC, must be set to a fixed value per subcode frame, preferably “FF“ or “00“. Recorded Information : Information, sto
41、red as marks on the disc during the recording or overwrite process of the CD-RW disc. Reserved : “Reserved” in relation to a value means: the specified value(s) shall not be used. In future standards, these value(s) can be assigned. “Reserved” in relation to a field means: the use of the field(s) is
42、 not specified and the value(s) in the field(s) must be set to zero. In future standards, the use of these fields can be defined. CD-RW System Description Chapter 1 General December 2010 Ecma International 2010 1-6 Session : An area on the disc consisting of a Lead-in area, a Program area and a Lead
43、-out area. Single Session disc : A disc which is not a Multisession disc. Stacking ring area : The ring area between the clamping and the information area. In this area diverse shapes with protrusions and recesses are allowed, both on the read-out and label side. It is called the stacking ring area
44、as this area is most used for creating a stacking ring at the read-out side of the disc. See Figure 12-18 TDB : Track Descriptor Blocks in the Pre Gap of a data Track contain information about the Track attributes. (see chapter 5.6.5) TOC : Table Of Contents: in the Lead-in Area the subcode Q-channe
45、l contains information about the Tracks on the disc. Unbalance of disc Ud : Ud = md r g.mm, in which md = mass grammes of disc and r = distance millimetres between centre of gravity and geometrical centre of disc. When the disc is rotating at a rotational frequency frot Herz, then the resulting Unba
46、lance Force becomes FU = Ud 2 10-6 Newton, in which = 2 frot . Unrecorded area : An area in which no signal has been recorded, or in which a previously recorded signal has been physically erased. The track (groove) is in the high-reflective state. User-recorded area : An area (or Track) recorded wit
47、h an EFM signal containing User Data and normal Subcode Q (not mode 0). US24 : 8x 24x Ultra Speed disc. Disc type indicated by B1B3 = 010 (Special Information 1) US32 : 8x 32x Ultra Speed disc type. Disc type indicated by B1B3 = 011 (Special Information 1) Variation : The variation of a parameter x
48、is defined as the ratio x / x. Wobble : The pre-groove in the disc is not a perfect spiral but is wobbled with: - a typical amplitude of 30 nm, - a spatial period of 54 to 64 m. (See chapter 4) Write : The action in which information is recorded in an unrecorded area of the CD-RW disc. Write-strateg
49、y : The shape of the HF write signal used to modulate the power of the laser. The Write-strategy, that must be used for recordings necessary for disc measurements, is described in chapter 2.1.3: Write strategies for media testing. 1.4.2 Disc Lay-out The recorded area on a disc can be subdivided into Sessions, where a Session consists of a Lead-in Area, a Program Area and a Lead-out Area. A Session is called finalized, when the Program Area does not have unrecorded or logically erased a
