1、 Reference number ECMA-123:2009 Ecma International 2009 ECMA-396 2nd Edition / June 2014 Test Method for the Estimation of Lifetime of Optical Disks for Long-term Data Storage COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma International 2014 Ecma International 2014 i Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 N
2、ormative references 2 4 Terms and definitions . 3 5 Conventions and notations 4 5.1 Representation of numbers 4 5.2 Variables . 4 5.3 Names . 4 6 List of acronyms 4 7 Measurements . 5 7.1 Summary 5 7.1.1 Stress incubation and measuring 5 7.1.2 Assumptions 5 7.1.3 Data error 6 7.1.4 Data quality 7 7.
3、1.5 Regression . 7 7.2 Test specimen 7 7.3 Recording conditions 8 7.3.1 General . 8 7.3.2 Recording test environment . 8 7.4 Playback conditions 8 7.4.1 Playback tester 8 7.4.2 Playback test environment . 8 7.4.3 Calibration 8 7.5 Disk testing locations . 9 7.5.1 Rigorous stress-condition testing .
4、9 7.5.2 Basic stress-condition testing . 9 8 Accelerated stress test . 9 8.1 General . 9 8.2 Stress conditions 9 8.2.1 General . 9 8.2.2 Temperature . 11 8.2.3 Relative humidity . 11 8.2.4 Incubation and ramp profiles . 11 8.3 Measuring-time intervals 12 8.4 Design of stress conditions . 12 8.5 Disk
5、 orientation . 13 9 Lifetime estimation 13 9.1 Time-to-failure 13 9.2 Accelerated-aging test methods 13 9.2.1 Eyring acceleration model (Eyring method) . 13 9.2.2 Arrhenius-accelerated model (Arrhenius method) 14 9.3 Data analysis and judgment of effectiveness. 14 9.4 Result of estimated disk life .
6、 14 Annex A (normative) Outline of Disk-life estimation method and data-analysis steps . 17 A.1 Data analysis for disk-life estimation 17 A.1.1 General . 17 ii Ecma International 2014 A.1.2 Lognormal model and point estimation of 5lnB and 50lnB 17 A.1.3 Interval estimation for optical disks . 18 A.1
7、.4 Estimation of and using least-squares method 18 A.2 Data analysis steps for lifetime estimation 20 A.2.1 Judgment of effectiveness of test data and time-to-failure determination. 20 A.2.2 Judgment of complete data . 21 A.2.3 Condition for lifetime-estimation effectiveness 22 A.2.4 Life-time estim
8、ation when there are missing times-to-failure (Informative) 22 A.2.5 Lifetime-estimation calculation method (Maximum-likelihood method with least-squares method) 22 A.2.6 Lifetime-estimation calculation method (acceleration-factor method) . 23 Annex B (normative) Disk-life estimation for Controlled
9、storage-condition (Eyring method) . 25 B.1 General . 25 B.2 Data analysis and lifetime estimation using conventional acceleration-factor method (Step 4-7) 31 Annex C (normative) Disk-life estimation for Harsh storage-condition (Arrhenius method) . 37 C.1 Stress conditions and data-analysis steps for
10、 Arrhenius method . 37 C.2 Data analysis . 38 Annex D (normative) Alternative non destructive stress condition . 43 Annex E (informative) Interval Estimation for B5 Life using Maximum Likelihood . 45 E.1 Lower confidence bound . 45 E.2 Maximum-likelihood method . 45 E.3 Calculation method of Fisher
11、information matrix and variance 47 E.4 Example of variance calculation . 49 Annex F (informative) RSER measurement of BD disks 51 Ecma International 2014 iii Introduction Markets and industry have developed a common understanding that the property referred to as the lifetime of data recorded to opti
12、cal disks plays an increasingly important role in many applications. Disparate standardized test methodologies exist for Magneto-Optical disks vs recordable compact disks and DVD systems. The first edition of this International Standard provided a common methodology, applicable for various purposes,
13、 that included lifetime testing of then-available writable CD and DVD optical disks. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23/JWG 1, which is a Joint working group comprising ISO/TC 42, ISO/TC 171/SC 1 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23, initiated work on this subject and developed initial drafts with assistance from Ecma Internat
14、ional TC31. After the issuance of the first edition of this International Standard, ISO/IEC standards for the physical formats of BD Recordable and Rewritable disks were published. Accordingly, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23/JWG 1 started work again to include testing of writable BD optical disks in this Secon
15、d edition of the International Standard. Additional details for lifetime estimation are also incorporated. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2014. iv Ecma International 2014 “COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2014 Ecma International This document may be copied, published and distrib
16、uted to others, and certain deriv ative works of it may be prepared, copied, published, and distributed, in whole or in part, provided that the above copyright notice and this Copyright License and Disclaimer are included on all such copies and derivative works. The only derivative works that are pe
17、rmissible under this Copyright License and Disclaimer are: (i) works which incorporate all or portion of this document for the purpose of providing commentary or explanation (such as an annotated version of the document), (ii) works which incorporate all or portion of this document for the purpose o
18、f incorporating features that provide accessibility, (iii) translations of this document into languages other than English and into different formats and (iv) works by making use of this specification in standard conformant products by implementing (e.g. by copy and paste wholly or partly) the funct
19、ionality therein. However, the content of this document itself may not be modified in any way, including by removing the copyright notice or references to Ecma International, except as required to translate it into languages other than English or into a different format. The official version of an E
20、cma International document is the English language version on the Ecma International website. In the event of discrepancies between a translated version and the official version, the official version shall govern. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by Ecma In
21、ternational or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an “AS IS“ basis and ECMA INTERNATIONAL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY OWN
22、ERSHIP RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.“ Ecma International 2014 1 Test Method for the Estimation of Lifetime of Optical Disks for Long-term Data Storage 1 Scope This Ecma Standard specifies an accelerated-aging test method for estimating the l
23、ifetime of the retrievability of information stored on recordable or rewritable optical disks. The method is based on the theoretical assumption that the lifetime of data recorded on an optical disk has a lognormal distribution. Detailed testing is specified for the following formats: DVD-R/RW/RAM d
24、isks, +R/+RW disks, CD-R/RW disks and BD Recordable / Rewritable disks. The testing may be applied to additional optical-disk formats, with substitution of the appropriate specifications, and may also be updated by committee in the future as required. This Ecma Standard includes: - stress conditions
25、 Basic and Rigorous stress-conditions for testing and subsequent analysis using both the Eyring and Arrhenius methods. - ambient storage conditions in which the lifetime of data stored on optical disk is estimated A Controlled storage-condition, 25 C and 50 % RH, representing full-time air condition
26、ing. The Eyring method is used to estimate the lifetime under this storage condition. A Harsh storage-condition, 30 C and 80 % RH, representing the most severe conditions in which users handle and store optical disks. The Arrhenius method is used to estimate the lifetime under this storage condition
27、. - a description of the evaluation system - procedures for specimen preparation and data acquisition - definitions and methods used in testing specific disk types - analysis of test results to determine the lifetime of stored data - a format for reporting the estimated lifetime of stored data The m
28、ethodology includes only the effects of temperature and relative humidity. It does not attempt to model degradation due to complex failure-mechanism kinetics, nor does it test for exposure to light, corrosive gases, contaminants, handling, or variations in playback subsystems. Disks exposed to these
29、 additional sources of stress or higher levels of temperature and relative humidity are expected to experience shorter usable lifetimes. 2 Conformance A disk tested by this methodology shall conform to all normative references specific to that disk format. 2 Ecma International 2014 3 Normative refer
30、ences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ECMA-130 Data Interchange on Read-only 120
31、mm Optical Data Disks (CD-ROM) (ISO/IEC 10149:1995) ECMA-267 120 mm DVD Read-Only Disk, 3rd edition (ISO/IEC 16448:2002) ECMA-268 80 mm DVD Read-Only Disk, 3rd edition (ISO/IEC 16449:2002) ECMA-330 120 mm (4,7 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM), 3rd editi
32、on (ISO/IEC 17592:2004) ECMA-337 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per side (Recording speed up to 4X), 4th edition (ISO/IEC 17341:2009) ECMA-338 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Re-recordable Disk (DVD-RW) (ISO/IEC 17342:2
33、004) ECMA-349 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X), 4th edition (ISO/IEC 17344:2009) ECMA-359 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable Disk (DVD-R) (ISO/IEC 23912:2005) ECMA-364 120 mm an
34、d 80 mm Optical Disk using +R DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X), 3rd edition (ISO/IEC 25434:2008) ECMA-371 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW HS Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 8X) 2nd edition (ISO/IEC 26925:2009) ECMA-3
35、74 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 2,4x) 2nd edition (ISO/IEC 29642:2009) ECMA-382 120 mm (8,54 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD Recordable Disk for Dual Layer (DVD-R for DL) (ISO/IEC 12862:2009) ECMA-384
36、 120 mm (8,54 Gbytes per side) and 80 mm (2,66 Gbytes per side) DVD re-recordable disk for dual layer (DVD-RW for DL) (ISO/IEC 13170: 2009) ECMA-394 Recordable Compact Disc Systems CD-R Multi-Speed ECMA-395 Recordable Compact Disc Systems CD-RW Ultra-Speed ISO/IEC 30190 Information technology Digita
37、lly recorded media for information interchange and storage 120 mm Single Layer (25,0 Gbytes per disk) and Dual Layer (50,0 Gbytes per disk) BD Recordable disk ISO/IEC 30191 Information technology Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage 120 mm Triple Layer (100,0 Gbytes per d
38、isk) and Quadruple Layer (128,0 Gbytes per disk) BD Recordable disk ISO/IEC 30192 Information technology Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage 120 mm Single Layer (25,0 Gbytes per disk) and Dual Layer (50,0 Gbytes per disk) BD Rewritable disk ISO/IEC 30193 Information tech
39、nology Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage 120 mm Triple Layer (100,0 Gbytes per disk) BD Rewritable disk Ecma International 2014 3 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 Arrhenius method accelerated agin
40、g model based on the effects of temperature only 4.2 baseline analysis of an initial test (e.g., initial data errors) after recording and before exposure to any stress condition, i.e. measurement at stress time t = 0 hours 4.3 basic stress-condition accelerated-aging conditions for estimating the li
41、fetime of data stored on optical disks with a reasonable amount of time and labour 4.4 B5 Life 5 percentile of the lifetime distribution (i.e. 5 % failure time) or 95 % survival lifetime 4.5 (B5 Life)L 95 % lower confidence bound of B5 Life 4.6 B50 Life 50 percentile of the lifetime distribution (i.
42、e. 50 % failure time) or 50 % survival lifetime 4.7 controlled storage condition well-controlled storage conditions with full-time air conditioning (25 C and 50 % RH), which may extend the lifetime of data stored on optical disks 4.8 Eyring method accelerated-aging model based on the combined effect
43、s of temperature and relative humidity 4.9 data error data error measured on a sample disk before error correction is applied 4.10 harsh storage condition most-severe conditions in which users handle and store the optical disks (30 C and 80 % RH) under which the lifetime of data stored on optical di
44、sks may be reduced 4.11 incubation process of enclosing and maintaining controlled test-sample environments 4.12 LDC Block ECC Block of BDs using Long-Distance Code SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30190:2013, 13.6 4 Ecma International 2014 4.13 maximum data error maximum data error measured anywhere in one of the r
45、elevant areas on the disk: NOTE For BD Recordable SL/DL disks, BD Recordable TL/QL disks, BD Rewritable SL/DL disks and BD Rewritable TL disks, this is the Maximum RSER; for DVD-R/RW disks and +R/+RW disks, this is the Maximum PI Sum 8; for DVD-RAM disks, this is the Maximum BER and for CD-R/RW disk
46、s, this is the Maximum C1 Ave 10. 4.14 retrievability ability to recover physically-recorded information as recorded 4.15 rigorous stress-condition accelerated-aging conditions for estimating the lifetime of data stored on optical disks with higher confidence 4.16 shelf life maximum time an unrecord
47、ed disk can be stored under specific conditions and still meet the performance requirements specified 4.17 shelf time time spent on the shelf 4.18 stress temperature and relative humidity variables to which the sample is exposed during the incubation sub-intervals 4.19 system combination of hardware
48、, software, storage medium and documentation used to record, retrieve and reproduce information 5 Conventions and notations 5.1 Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it follows that a specified val
49、ue of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. 5.2 Variables A variable with “ above the character denotes that its value is obtained by estimation. 5.3 Names The names of entities having explicitly-defined meanings for the purpose of this document are capitalized. 6 List of acronyms BER Byte Error Rate BLER BLock Error Rate Ecma International 2014 5 DL Dual Layer ECC Error-Correction Code LDC Long-Distance Code PI Parity (of th
