1、 Reference numberECMA-123:2009Ecma International 2009ECMA-401 1stEdition / December 2011 Close Capacitive Coupling Communication Physical Layer (CCCC PHY) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma International 2011 Ecma International 2011 iContents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1
2、4 Terms, definitions and acronyms 1 5 Conventions and notations 2 5.1 Representation of numbers 2 5.2 Names . 2 6 General . 2 7 Reference plate-electrode assembly . 4 8 PHY parameters . 5 8.1 Voltage conditions 5 8.2 Bit representation 6 8.2.1 Bit duration 6 8.2.2 Bit encoding . 6 8.3 Transmission .
3、 6 8.4 DC balance of a P-PDU . 6 8.5 Reception of a P-PDU 7 9 P-PDU 7 9.1 Structure . 7 9.2 Space 7 9.3 Level adjust 7 9.4 Pre-amble and Sync 7 9.5 Attribute 8 9.6 TDS number . 8 9.7 Sequence number . 9 9.7.1 Initial and range . 9 9.7.2 Acknowledgement . 9 9.8 Payload . 9 9.9 CRC . 9 9.10 Post-amble
4、 . 9 9.11 Null P-PDU 9 9.12 Data P-PDU . 9 10 PHY Data Unit (P-DU) 9 11 Segmentation and Reassembly . 9 12 TDS 10 13 LBT and synchronisation . 11 13.1 LBT 11 13.2 Synchronisation 11 14 Association procedure 11 15 Communication . 13 15.1 Full duplex communication 13 15.2 Broadcast communication . 15
5、Annex A (normative) Tests 17 A.1 Reference plate-electrode test . 17 ii Ecma International 2011A.2 P-PDU DC balance test 18 A.3 Protocol test .18 A.3.1 Test setup .18 A.3.2 Test scenario 1 .19 A.3.3 Test scenario 2 .19 A.3.4 Test scenario 3 .19 A.3.5 Test scenario 4 .19 A.3.6 Test scenario 5 .20 A.3
6、.7 Test scenario 6 .20 A.3.8 Test scenario 7 .20 A.3.9 Test scenario 8 .20 Ecma International 2011 iiiIntroduction This Standard specifies the PHY protocol and for wireless communication between the Close Capacitive Coupling Communication (CCCC) devices. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the Ge
7、neral Assembly of December 2011. iv Ecma International 2011“COPYRIGHT NOTICE This document may be copied, published and distributed to others, and certain derivative works of it may be prepared, copied, published, and distributed, in whole or in part, provided that the above copyright notice and thi
8、s Copyright License and Disclaimer are included on all such copies and derivative works. The only derivative works that are permissible under this Copyright License and Disclaimer are: (i) works which incorporate all or portion of this document for the purpose of providing commentary or explanation
9、(such as an annotated version of the document), (ii) works which incorporate all or portion of this document for the purpose of incorporating features that provide accessibility, (iii) translations of this document into languages other than English and into different formats and (iv) works by making
10、 use of this specification in standard conformant products by implementing (e.g. by copy and paste wholly or partly) the functionality therein. However, the content of this document itself may not be modified in any way, including by removing the copyright notice or references to Ecma International,
11、 except as required to translate it into languages other than English or into a different format. The official version of an Ecma International document is the English language version on the Ecma International website. In the event of discrepancies between a translated version and the official vers
12、ion, the official version shall govern. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by Ecma International or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an “AS IS“ basis and ECMA INTERNATIONAL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
13、EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.“ Close Capacitive Coupling Communication Physical Layer (CCCC PHY) 1 Scope Thi
14、s Standard specifies the CCCC PHY for Full duplex and Broadcast communication in time slots on frequency division multiplex channels. 2 Conformance Conforming entities implement: both Talker and Listener, listen before talk (LBT) for both Talker and Listener, the capability to execute association on
15、 FDC2 and to communicate on (FDC0 and FDC1), (FDC3 and FDC4), or (FDC0, FDC1, FDC3 and FDC4), the capability for Talkers and Listeners to use any of the 8 TDS on a FDC, both Full duplex and Broadcast communication, and pass the tests in Annex A as specified herein. 3 Normative references The followi
16、ng referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994, Information technology Open Systems Int
17、erconnection Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model ITU-T V.41, Data communication over the telephone network Code-independent error-control system 4 Terms, definitions and acronyms For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply, in addition to those defined in ISO/IEC
18、7498-1:1994. CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check D Divisor DUT Device Under Test FDC Frequency Division Channel LBT Listen Before Talk Ecma International 2011 1LEN Length Listener entity that does not initiate communication P-DU PHY Data Unit P-PDU PHY PDU PHY Physical layer RFU Reserved for Future Use TDS
19、Time Division Slot Talker entity that initiates communication 5 Conventions and notations 5.1 Representation of numbers The following conventions and notations apply in this document. - A sequence of characters of A, B, C”, D, E or F and decimal digits in parentheses represent numbers in hexadecimal
20、 notation unless followed by a b character see next. - Numbers in binary notation and bit patterns are represented by a sequence of 0 and 1 digits or X characters in parentheses followed by a b character, e.g. (0X11X010)b. Where X indicates that the setting of a bit is not specified, and the leftmos
21、t bit is the most significant bit unless the sequence is a bit pattern. 5.2 Names The names of basic elements, e.g. specific fields, are written with a capital initial letter. 6 General The protocol architecture of CCCC follows ISO/IEC 7498-1 as the basic model. CCCC devices communicate through medi
22、ators, such as conductive and dielectric materials. Plate-electrodes for CCCC device E and F are equivalent to the reference plate-electrode assembly. The plate-electrode A faces to the imaginary point at infinity and the plate-electrode B faces to the mediator. The plate-electrode C faces to the me
23、diator and the plate-electrode D faces to the imaginary point at infinity. See Figure 1. Figure 2 is the equivalent circuit of Figure 1. The voltage of X is the potential of the point at infinity. The voltage of Y is the potential of the point at infinity. It is deemed that the potential of X and Y
24、is identical. Therefore, X and Y is imaginary short. Consequently, device E and F is able to send and receive signal. Regarding the information transfers from CCCC device E to F, the device E changes the voltage between plate-electrode A and B. It changes the electric charge between plate-electrode
25、B and the mediator. The change in electric charge affects the device F by the capacitive coupling between plate-electrode C and mediator. Plate-electrodes A and B and plate-electrodes C and D have potential differences of reverse polarity; therefore device F senses the information as changes in volt
26、age between plate-electrode C and D. 2 Ecma International 2011Closed Capacitive Coupling Communication Device EMediatorElectrostatic CapacityElectrostatic CapacityConductivematerialsorDielectricmaterialspoint at infinitypoint at infinitypoint at infinitypoint at infinityPlate-Electrode APlate-Electr
27、ode BPlate-Electrode CPlate-Electrode DClosed Capacitive Coupling Communication Device FFigure 1 Electrical model Figure 2 Equivalent circuit Ecma International 2011 3Information transfer between CCCC device E and F takes place by the synchronous communication, see 13.1. 8.2.1 specifies 5 frequency
28、division channels (FDC) by division of the centre frequency. Each FDC consists of a sequence of time-segments. Each time-segment consists of 8 time division slots (TDS) for time division multiple-access, see Clause 12. Peers use the Listen Before Talk (LBT) procedure in 13.1 to ascertain that a TDS
29、is not occupied. The TDSs are negotiated using the association procedure specified in Clause 14. 15.1 and 15.2 specify Full duplex and Broadcast communication respectively. In Full duplex communication, Talkers and Listeners exchange P-PDUs (see Clause 9) by synchronous communication. In Broadcast c
30、ommunication Talkers broadcast P-PDUs and Listeners receive P-PDUs without acknowledging. Length information and CRC is added to the SDU to construct a PHY Data Unit (P-DU), see Clause 10. The sender segments the P-DU into P-PDUs. The receiving entity reassembles the P-PDUs into the P-DU, see Clause
31、 11, and forwards the SDU to its PHY User as illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 PHY model 7 Reference plate-electrode assembly The reference plate-electrode assembly for the CCCC devices shall consist of plate-electrode A and plate-electrode B specified in Figure 4. Dimensional characteristics are sp
32、ecified for those parameters deemed to be mandatory. a = 20,0 0,1 mm b = 20,0 0,1 mm The distance c between plate-electrode A and B shall be 5,0 0,1 mm by horizontal flat surface. d = 0,30 0,03 mm The displacement of centre of area e between plate-electrode A and B shall be at most 0,1 mm. The mater
33、ial of the plate-electrodes shall be 99% to 100% copper or equivalent. 4 Ecma International 2011The twisted-pair wire shall be connected inside the circle area f specified in Figure 4. The f has a diameter of 2,0 0,5 mm. The twisted-pair wire shall be stranded wire and 26, 27, or 28 specified Americ
34、an Wire Gauge (AWG). The length of the twisted-pair wire for the reference plate-electrode assembly shall be less than 1,0 m. ab dcde Plate-Electrode APlate-Electrode Bf Twist-pair wireFigure 4 CCCC reference plate-electrode assembly 8 PHY parameters 8.1 Voltage conditions The following conditions o
35、f the voltage between the outer and the inner plate-electrode shall be used for communication. +m volts m volts 0 volt OPEN The value m depends on implementations. 0 volt is achieved by shorting the two plate-electrodes in a plate-electrode assembly. OPEN is achieved by disconnection of the plate-el
36、ectrode assembly from the driver circuits. Ecma International 2011 58.2 Bit representation 8.2.1 Bit duration The centre frequency fcis 40,68 MHz 50 ppm. The bit duration T equals D/fc seconds. Table 1 specifies the relation between FDC and D. Table 1 FDC and D FDC D 0 11 1 7 2 5 3 3 4 1 8.2.2 Bit e
37、ncoding Manchester bit encoding is specified in Figure 5. Depending on the relative orientation, bits are received with either positive or negative polarity. The half bit time transition shall be between 0,4 T and 0,6 T. Bit (1)b encodingBit (0)b encodingFigure 5 Bit encoding 8.3 Transmission P-PDUs
38、 shall be transmitted byte-wise in the sequence specified in 9.1. Bytes shall be transmitted with least significant bit first. 8.4 DC balance of a P-PDU The DC balance of a P-PDU is (Sp - Sn) / (Sp + Sn) x 100 % where Sp is the integral of the positive voltage parts of one P-PDU and where Sn is the
39、integral of the negative voltage parts of one P-PDU. The DC balance shall be less than 10 % per P-PDU. 6 Ecma International 20118.5 Reception of a P-PDU While receiving a P-PDU, receivers shall put the voltage condition to OPEN. 9 P-PDU 9.1 Structure Figure 6 specifies the P-PDU as a sequence of 0,5
40、 T of Space, 1,5 T of Level adjust, 2 T of Pre-amble, 5 T of Sync, 2 T of Attribute, 3 T of TDS number, 2 T of Sequence number, 32 T of Payload, 16 T of CRC, and 2 T of Post-amble. The P-PDU continues/ends with 1,5T of Level adjust and another 0,5T Space. The bit encoding specified in 8.2.2 shall be
41、 applied to Attribute, TDS number, Sequence number, Payload, and CRC. 66 T is represented by t1, t2, t3, t66. Figure 6 P-PDU structure 9.2 Space The Space duration shall be 0,5 T with voltage condition OPEN. 9.3 Level adjust Level adjust shall be 1,5 T of 0 volt. 9.4 Pre-amble and Sync Figure 7 spec
42、ifies Pre-amble and Sync patterns. The transmitter shall apply pattern P. If the receiver detects Sync pattern P then it shall decode the bits in a P-PDU as positive polarity. If the receiver detects Sync pattern Q then it shall decode the bits in a P-PDU as negative polarity. The divisor value shal
43、l be detected from Pre-amble and Sync. Other patterns shall not be handled as Pre-amble and Sync. Ecma International 2011 7Figure 7 Pre-amble and Sync patterns 9.5 Attribute Table 2 specifies the bit encodings of the attribute settings in a P-PDU. Table 2 Attribute settings t10 t11Definition FDC2 FD
44、C0, FDC1, FDC3, and FDC4 0 0 Association Request 1 or Association Response 2 Null P-PDU 0 1 Association Response 2 or Association Request 2 The last Data P-PDU 1 0 RFU The first Data P-PDU 1 1 RFU Data P-PDU between the first and the last Data P-PDU If a receiver gets RFU attribute settings it shall
45、 ignore the P-PDU and stay mute. 9.6 TDS number The TDS number field shall indicate the slot number in which the P-PDU is send; numbers 1 to 8 are identified by (000)b to (111)b. 8 Ecma International 20119.7 Sequence number 9.7.1 Initial and range P-PDUs shall be identified by the sequence numbers i
46、n the range of (00)b to (11)b. The first P-PDU shall have (00)b in the sequence number field. 9.7.2 Acknowledgement To acknowledge correct reception, receivers shall increment the sequence number by 1 (modulo 4) from the correctly received P-PDU as the sequence number in the next P-PDU. 9.8 Payload
47、The payload field of a P-PDU contains 4 bytes. 9.9 CRC The scope of CRC shall be the last 1 T of Sync as a bit, Attribute, TDS number, Sequence number, and Payload. The CRC shall be calculated according to ITU-T V.41 with pre-set value (FF FF). If the CRC of the received P-PDU and the calculated CRC
48、 upon reception differ, the P-DU shall be ignored. Example: with Attribute (11)b, TDS number (010)b, Sequence number (10)b, Payload (55 AA 00 FF) the CRC is (6F AB). 9.10 Post-amble Post-ambles consist of 1,5 T of Level adjust and 0,5 T of Space. 9.11 Null P-PDU Null P-PDUs have Attribute of (00)b a
49、nd a payload (00 00 00 00). 9.12 Data P-PDU Data P-PDUs have a payload with a (possibly segmented) P-DU. 10 PHY Data Unit (P-DU) Figure 8 specifies the P-DU. It shall consist of LEN, SDU, and CRC. Figure 8 PHY Data Unit (P-DU) LEN contains the length of SDU in bytes + 2. The CRC shall be calculated over the LEN value and the SDU according to ITU-T V.41. The pre-set value shall be (FFFF). 11 Segmentation and Reassembly P-DU shall be segmented and reassembled into 4 byte payloads of P-PDU as
