1、ECMA ECMA* 85 E 3904593 O007678 9 ECMA E UR O PEAN COMPUTER MAN U FACTURER S ASSOCIATION DATA STANDARD ECMlA-99 INTERCHANGE ON 130 mm FLEXIBLE DISK CARTRIDGES USING MFM RECORDING AT 13262 ftprad ON BOTH SIDES 3,8 TRACKS PER .mm- - -_- September 1985 ECMA ECMA*77 85 3404593 O007677 O BRIEF HISTORY Te
2、chnical Committee TC19 of ECMA began work on the standardization of flexible disk cartridges in 1974. As a result ECMA has produced a. set of standards for different types of flexible disk cartridges (FDC) : 200 mm FDCs ECMA- 5 8 ECMA- 5 9 ECMA- 6 9 130 mm FDCs ECMA-66 ECMA- 7 O ECMA- 7 8 ECMA-99 90
3、 mm FDC ECMA-100 A standard for file structure and labelling for sequentially re- corded flexible disk cartridges has been issued as Standard ECMA-91. A further standard for other types of applications is in progress. These ECMA standards specify the requirements for the unrecorded End for the recor
4、ded medium. They were all contributed to ISO/ TC97/SCll and SC15 and the corresponding international standards and draft Standards are technically identical with the ECMA standards. The present Standard ECMA-99 is based on a proposal made by the Japanese Standardization Committee (JISC) to ISO/TC97/
5、SC11. The original purpose of the proposal was to provide a 130 mm FDC with a capacity sufficient for emulation of 200 mm FDCs. Track Format No. 1 in this Standard has been designed accordingly. It corresponds to that specified in Standard ECMA-69. Technical Committee TC19 of ECMA decided, however,
6、that a second track format should be stan- dardized, because 130 mm FDCs of this type are also used as data carriers in their own rights for applications other than emulation of 200 mm FDCs. Track Format No. 2 has been designed accordingly. It is compatible with that specified in Standard ECMA-100 f
7、or 90 mm FDCs. This Standard has been accepted by the General Assembly of ECMA on June 13-14, 1985. I ECMA ECMA*99 85 3404593 O007680 7 . TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I - GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITIONS SCOPE AND CONFORMANCE 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1.1 General Figures . 1.2 Main Elements 1.3 Descrip
8、tion 1.4 Optional Features 1.5 Deftnitions 1.5.1 Flexible Disk 1.5.2 Master Standard Reference Disk Cartridge 1.5.3 Secondary Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge 1.5.4 Typical Field 1.5.5 Reference Field 1.5.6 Test Recording Current 1.5.7 Standard Reference Amplitudes 1.5.8 Average Signal Amp
9、litude 1.5.9 In-Contact 1.5.10 Formatting 1.5.11 Initialization 1.5.12 Recording Area SECTION II - MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 Environment and Transportation 2.1.1 Testing Environment 2.1.2 Operating Environment 2.1.3 Storage Environment 2.1.4 Transportation 2
10、.1.5 Handling 2.2.1 Jacket 2.2.2 Liner 2.2.3 Disk 2.2.4 Envelope 2.2.5 Direction of Rotation 2.2 Materials 3. DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 3.1 Jacket 3.1.1 Form 3.1.2 Thickness 3.1.3 Central Windows Page 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 -.- I I 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1
11、.6 3.1.7 3.1.8 3.1.9 3.2 Liner 3.3 Disk 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd) Index Windows Head Windows Reference Edge Profile Construction of the Jacket Notches Write-enable notch Diameter Thickness Index hole Recording area Sides Page 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 Coefficient
12、 of Linear Thermal Expansion of the Disk 10 Coefficient of Linear Hygroscopic Expansion of the 10 Disk 10 10 4.4.1 Opacity of the jacket 10 4.4.2 Opacity of the Disk 10 4. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4.1 Inflammability 4.2 4.3 4.4 Opacity 4.5 Torque 4.5.1 Starting torque 4.5.2 Running torque SECTION II
13、I - MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNRECORDED FLEXIBLE DISK CARTRIDGE 5. MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS 5.1 Track Geometry 5.1.1 Number of tracks 5.1.2 Width of tracks 5.1.3 Track location 5.1.4 Track number 5.1.5 Index 5.2 Functional Testing 5.2.1 Surface tests 5.2.2 Track quality tests 5.2.3 Rejection
14、criterion SECTION IV - TRACK FORIVAT No. 1 6. TRACK FORMAT No. 1 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 16 ECMA ECMA*99 85 3404593 0007682 O I - TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd) 6.1 General Requirements 6.1.1 Mode of recording 6.1.2 Track location tolerance of the recorded flexible diskcartridge 6.1.3 Reco
15、rding offset angle 6.1.4 Density of recording 6.1.5 Flux transition spacing 6.1.6 Average Signal Amplitude 6.1.7 Byte 6.1.8 Sector 6.1.9 Cylinder 6.1.10 Cylinder number 6.1.11 Data capacity of a track 6.1.12 Hexadecimal notation 6.1.13 Error Detection Characters (EDC) Description of Track Layout aft
16、er First Formattin5 for Track 00, Side O 6.2.1 Index Gap 6.2.2 Sector Identifier 6.2.3 Identifier Gap 6.2.4 Data Block 6.2.5 Data. Block Gap 6.2.6 Track Gap Track Layout after the First Formatting for all Tracks other than Track 00, Side O 6.3.1 Index Gap 6.3.2 Sector Identifier 6.3.3 Identifier Gap
17、 6.3.4 Data Block 6.3.5 Data Block Gap 6.3.6 Track Gap Track Layout of a Recorded Flexible Disk of Data Interchange 6.4.1 Representation of characters 6.4.2 Good and bad cylinders 6.4.3 Requirements for cylinders 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.2 6.3 6.4 Layout of the tracks of a good cylinder Layout of the tracks of
18、 a bad cylinder SECTION V - TRACK FORMAT NO. 2 7. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 7.1 Mode of Recording 7.2 Track Location Tolerance of the Recorded Flexible Disk Cartridge Page 16 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 28 31 31 31 1 _ - ECMA ECMAM79 85
19、IEB 3404593 0007683 2 E TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd) Page 7.3 Recording Offset Angle 7.4 Density of Recording 7.5 Flux Transition Spacing 7.6 Average Signal Amplitude 7.7 Byte 7.8 Sector 7.9 Cylinder 7.10 Cylinder Number 7.11 Data Capacity of a Track 7.12 Hexadecimal Notation 7.13 Error Detection Chara
20、cters (EDC) 8. TRACK LAYOUT 8.1 Index Gap 8.2 Sector Identifier 8.2.1 Identifier Mark 8.2.2 Address Identifier 8.3 Identifier Gap 8.4 Data Block 8.4.1 Data Mark 8.4.2 Data Field 8.4.3 EDC 8.5 Data Block Gap 8.6 Track Gap 9. CODED REPRESENTATION OF DATA 9. 1 Standards 9.2 Coding Methods 31 31 31 32 3
21、2 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 APPENDIX A - MEASUREMENT OF THE CARTRIDGE THICKNESS 40 APPENDIX B - MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE 42 APPENDIX C - METHOD FOR MEASURING THE EFFECTIVE TRACK WIDTH 45 APPENDIX D - PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING FLUX TRANSITION
22、 SPACING 46 APPENDIX E - DATA SEPARATORS FOR DECODING MFM RECORDING 49 APPENDIX F - EDC IMPLEMENTATION 50 ECMA ECMA* 85 3404593 O007684 4 SECTION I GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITIONS I Y ECMA ECMA*9 85 3404593 0007685 b -1- SCOPE AND CONFORMANCE SCOPE This ECMA Standard specifies the mechanical, ph
23、ysical and magnetic characteritics of a 130 mm magnetic flexible disk cartridge with a track density of 3,8 tracks per mm, recorded on both sides at 13262 flux transitions per radian to provide physical interchangeability between data processing systems. It also specifies the quality of the recorded
24、 signals, the track layout and two track formats. Toge- ther with the labelling system specified in Standard ECMA-91, Track Format No. 1 affords for full data interchange between data process- ing systems. A labelling system is being developed to afford full data interchange when using Track Format
25、No. 2. CONFORMANCE A 130 mm flexible disk cartridge recorded on both sides is in con- formance with this Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements of Section II, Section III and either Section IV or Section V of this Standard. 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1.1 General Figures A typical flexible disk
26、cartridge is represented in Figs. 1 to 3. Fig. 1, Flexible Disk Cartridge, shows the cartridge seen from above, Side O up. Fig. 2, Section 11-11, is a cross-section along line 11-11 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3, Protective Envelope with Cartridge, shows a protect- ive envelope with cartridge, Side 1 up. 1.2 Ma
27、in Elements The main elements of this flexible disk cartridge are: - the recording disk - the liner - the jacket The cartridge is stored in an envelope. The jacket shall have a square form. It includes a central window, an index and a head window in both sides. The liner is fixed to the inside of th
28、e jacket. It comprises two layers of material between which the disk is held. The liner has the same openings as the jacket. The disk has only a central hole and an Index hole. 1.4 Optional Features 1.3 Description The interchange characteristics of the jacket allow for. va- riations of its construc
29、tion. It may include flaps (e.g. three flaps as shown in the drawings, or none) and notches along the Reference Edge. # Y 1 I ECMA ECMA*79 85 W 3404593 000768b 8 W -2- 1.5 Definitions For the purpose of this Standard the following definitions apply: 1.5.1 Flexible Disk A flexible disk which accepts
30、and retains on the specified side or sides magnetic signals intended for inputloutput and storage purposes of information data processing and associated systems. 1.5.2 Master Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge A reference flexible disk catridge selected as the standard for reference fields,
31、signal amplitudes, resolution and overwrite. Track O0 and Track 76 on both sides are de- clared as reference tracks. . Note 1: This Master Standard has been established by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , Bundesallee 100, 03300 Braunschweig, Germany. Secondary Standard Reference Fle
32、xible Disk Cartridge A flexible disk cartridge the performance of which is and stated in relation to that of the Master Standard rence Flexible Disk Cartridge. 1.5.3 Note 2: known Refe- 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.5.6 Secondary Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridges can be ordered from PTB Lab. 5.11 under Pa
33、rt Number RM 8630 as long as available. It is intended that these be used or calibrating further cartridges for use in routine calibration. Typical Field The minimum recoxding field which, when applied to a flexi- ble disk cartridge, causes a signal output equal to 95% of the maximum Average Signal
34、Amplitude when taken as a func- tion of the recording field at the specified track and flux transition density of that flexible disk cartridge. Reference Field The Reference Field is the typical field of the Master Stan- dard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge. There are two Refe- rence Fields, one f
35、or each side. Test Recording Current The Test Recording Current is the current between 145% and 155% of the current which produces the Reference Field at 250 O00 ftps on track OO. There are two Test Recording Currents, one for each side. ECMA ECMA*9 85 I 3404593 0007687 T -3- 1.5.7 Standard Referenc
36、e Amplitudes The Average Signal Amplitudes derived from the reference tracks of the Master Standard Reference Flexible Disk Cartridge using the Test Recording Current. There are four Standard Reference Amplitudes, two for each side: SRAlf is the Average Signal Amplitude from a recording written usin
37、g 250 O00 ftps at track OO. SRA2f is the Average Signal Amplitude from a recording written using 500 O00 ftps at track OO. 1.5.8 Average Signal Amplitude For a track, the the arithmetically averaged value of the output voltages measured peak-to-peak over the whole track. 1.5.9 In-Contact An operatin
38、g condition in which the magnetic surface of the disk intended for data storage is in physical contact with the magnetic heads. 1.5.10 Formatting Writing the proper control information establishing the physical tracks and designating addresses of physical records on the surfaces of the flexible disk
39、. 1.5.11 Initialization Writing any information initially required to be on the flexible disk cartridge, prior to the commencement of general processing or use, e.g. the Volume Label, the ERMAP Label, etc. 1.5.12 Recording Area That area of each disk surface with which the head may come into contact
40、. ECMA ECMA*99 85 3404593 0007688 L -4- SECTION II MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS x ECMA ECMA*99 85 W 3404593 O007689 3 -5- 2. GENERAL REOUIREMENTS 2.1 Environment and Transportation 2.1.1 Testinn environment Tests and measurements made on the cartridge to check the requirements of this Sta
41、ndard shall be carried out under the following conditions: Temperature : (23 * 2) OC RH : 40% to 60% Conditioning before testing : 24 hours minimum The temperature and the RH shall be measured in the air immediately surrounding the cartridge. The stray magnetic field at any point on the disk surface
42、, including that resulting from the concentrating effect of the recording head, shall not exceed 4000 A/m. Cartridges used for data interchange shall be operated under the following conditions: Temperature : 10 OC to 51,5 OC RH : 20% to 80% Wet bulb temperature : less than 29 OC The temperature and
43、the RH shall be measured in the air immediately surrounding the cartridge. It is recommended that the rate of change of the temperature should not ex- ceed 20 OC per hour. There shall be no deposit of moisture on or in the car- tridge. The stray magnetic field at any point on the disk surface, inclu
44、ding that resulting from the concentrating effect of the recording head, shall not exceed 4000 A/m. During storage the cartridges shall be kept within the following conditions: Temperature : 4 OC to 51,5 OC RH : 8% to 80% Each cartridge shall be in an envelope and in an upright pos it ion. The ambie
45、nt stray magnetic field shall not exceed 4000 A/m. 2.1.2 Operating environment 2.1.3 Storage environment Note 3: Cartridges which have been stored at temperatures and humidities exceed- ing the operating conditions may exhibit degraded performance character- istics. Such cartridges should be subject
46、ed to a conditioning period of not less than 24 hours within the operating environment prior to use. r ECMA ECMA*9 85 3404593 0007670 T -6- 2.1.4 Transportation Responsibility for ensuring that adequate precautions are taken during transportation shall be with the sender. During transportation the c
47、artridge shall be in its envelope and in a protective package. The latter shall be free from dust or extraneous matter. It shall have a clear interior and construction preventing ingress of dust and moisture. It is recommended that a sufficient space exists between cartridge and outer surface of the
48、 final container, so that risk of damage due to stray magnetic fields will be negli- gible. It is recommended not to exceed the following conditions: Temperature : -40 OC to 51,s OC Maximum rate of tem- perature change : 20 OC per hour RH : 8% to 90% There should be no deposit of moisture on or in t
49、he car- tridge. 2.1.5 Handling The cartridge shall stay out of its envelope for the short- est time possible. When handling the cartridge the operator shall not touch the exposed magnetic surfaces of the disk and shall avoid exposing the cartridge to direct sunlight, moisture and dust. 2.2 Materials 2.2.1 Jacket The jacket may be constructed from any suitable material. 2.2.2 Liner The material of the liner shall be able to retain dust without damage to the disk. 2.2.3 Disk The disk may be constructed from any suitable material (e .g. bi-axially oriented polyethyl
