1、 Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures PUBLICATION 158 Edition 3 RELEASED BY IHS. NOT FOR RESALE THE ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures PUBLICATION 158 Edition 3 Copyright 2014 The Engineering Equipment an
2、d Materials Users Association. A company limited by guarantee. Registered in England. Company number 477838. ISBN 978 0 85931 202 8 Imprint reference 05-2014 Registered and Trading Address 63 Mark Lane London EC3R 7NQ Telephone: +44 (0)20 7488 0801 Fax: +44 (0)20 7488 3499 E-mail: saleseemua.org Web
3、site: www.eemua.orgEEMUA Publication 158 Ed. 3 Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures EEMUA ii ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION About EEMUA The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association is usually known by its initials, EEMUA. EEMUA is an Associatio
4、n established by the owners and operators of industrial assets. Any organisation that is a substantial user or substantial purchaser of engineering products is eligible to apply to become a member of EEMUA. Membership is subject to the approval of Council. EEMUA Aims EEMUA aims to improve the safety
5、, environmental and operating performance of industrial facilities in the most cost-effective way, pursuing and promoting leadership in industrial asset management by sharing engineering experiences and expertise, and by the active, enlightened promotion of the distinct interests of users of enginee
6、ring products. These aims are achieved by various means, including: Providing the organisation within which networking, information sharing and collaboration among users on non-competitive technical matters can take place Influencing the way written regulations are interpreted and applied in practic
7、e Promoting and presenting members views, and encouraging the application of good sound engineering practices Developing user guides, specifications, training and competency schemes Facilitating members participation in national and international standards making Influencing relevant national and Eu
8、ropean legislation and regulation. The income and resources of EEMUA are applied solely towards the promotion of the aims of the Association. No profit is transferred by way of dividend, bonus or otherwise to members. The work of the Association is mainly carried out by members representatives on EE
9、MUA Technical Committees, Working Groups, and Forums, supported by EEMUA staff. Incorporation, Membership and Other Information For the purposes of conducting its business, EEMUA is incorporated in England and Wales as a company, limited by guarantee, not having share capital. All usual aspects of c
10、ompany management and business administration are dealt with through the EEMUA Chief Executive, including policy implementation and leadership of the Executive team (the staff). A list of EEMUA publications for sale is given at the end of this Publication. The full list is also on the Associations w
11、ebsite, including details of on-line shopping facilities. To enquire about corporate Membership, write to enquirieseemua.org or call +44 (0)20 7488 0801. EEMUA Publication 158 Ed. 3 Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures EEMUA iii ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION Legal Aspects All rights, ti
12、tle and interest in this Publication belong to EEMUA. All rights are reserved. No part of this Publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other, without the express prior written agreemen
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14、its contents appropriate to the intended application; and that such selection and application is correctly carried out by appropriately qualified and competent persons for whose guidance this Publication has been prepared. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA P
15、ublication do not, and indeed cannot, make any representation or give any warranty or guarantee in connection with material contained herein. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA Publication expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for damage or loss
16、resulting from the use or reliance on this Publication. Any recommendations contained herein are based on the most authoritative information available at the time of writing and on current good engineering practice, but it is essential for the user to take account of pertinent subsequent development
17、s and/or legislation. Any person who encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity when making use of this Publication is asked to notify EEMUA without delay so that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. Consultation and Feedback EEMUA encourages constructive comments on this Publicat
18、ion from both Members of the Association and others. Comments should be sent on the standard feedback form, a copy of which is provided towards the end of this Publication. An electronic version of the feedback form is available from EEMUA - e-mail your request for a copy to enquirieseemua.org, tele
19、phone your request to +44 (0)20 7488 0801, or download the form from the EEMUA website at www.eemua.org. Submit comments by e-mail (preferred) or post. Comments are considered by the relevant EEMUA Technical Committees and may be incorporated in future editions of this Publication. New editions are
20、publicised on the EEMUA website. EEMUA Publication 158 Ed. 3 Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures EEMUA iv Preface This Specification was originally developed by the EEMUA Materials for Offshore Service (MOS) technical committee in 1991 and covered the construction of fixed offsh
21、ore steel structures for installation primarily within the United Kingdom Continental Shelf. Though the original document was created for use in the North Sea, it has been applied successfully in other locations. Therefore changes in this 3rd Edition now reflect the global nature of the offshore oil
22、 and gas industry, with the Specification having a much broader applicability. Furthermore, wind turbine installations now constitute a significant proportion of new constructions offshore. The requirements specified meet the general recommendations contained in the UK Health and Safety Commission d
23、ocument Offshore Installations and Wells (Design and Construction etc.) Regulations 1996. However, because the Regulators recommendations require that all production welding should be carried out in accordance with accepted standards such as AWS D 1.1M:2010(1), those documents have been used as a re
24、gular source in compiling this specification. There is, therefore, no ruling code, but reference is made to a number of standards, which apply with only minor amendment. In producing this and all previous editions of the specification, account has been taken from experience gained by the industry an
25、d from the latest developments in technology. EEMUA has published EEMUA Publication 197(2) as a companion volume to this Specification. It is recommended that, where appropriate, reference be made to EEMUA 197. Note: In all instances where a reference is made, the quoted edition is the most recent a
26、t the time of publishing. If a newer version becomes available then users should refer to the later edition. In cases where specific clauses within a standard, which are referred to, are amended, users should use discretion to determine if the advice still applies. EEMUA Publication 158 Ed. 3 Constr
27、uction Specification for fixed offshore structures EEMUA v Contents Preface iv Principal changes in the 3rdEdition 1 1 Introduction and objectives 3 1.1 Scope . 3 1.2 Definitions . 3 1.3 Abbreviations . 4 1.4 Units . 6 1.5 Glossary of technical terms 6 1.6 References 7 2 Quality assurance and safety
28、 9 2.1 Quality Assurance . 9 2.2 Health, safety and environmental issues . 9 2.3.1 Welding engineers 10 2.3.2 Welding coordinators 10 2.3.3 Welding inspectors . 11 3 Materials . 13 3.1 Weldable structural materials . 13 3.2 Welding consumables 13 3.3 Miscellaneous materials . 14 3.3.1 Bolts, nuts an
29、d washers 14 3.3.2 Castings and forgings . 14 3.4 Materials substitution 14 3.5 Materials handling 14 3.5.1 Receipt of materials 14 3.5.2 Maintenance of identity . 15 3.5.3 Storage conditions 15 4 Qualification of welding procedures and personnel . 17 4.1 General requirements . 17 4.2 Approval proce
30、ss for welding procedures . 17 4.2.1 Initial submission . 17 4.2.3 Procedure qualification records 21 4.2.4 Submission of the qualification package 23 4.3 Restrictions on welding practices 23 4.4 Welding procedure qualification tests 24 4.4.1 General requirements . 24 4.4.2 Types of test weld 27 4.4
31、.3 Inspection and NDT requirements and acceptance criteria . 30 4.4.4 Mechanical testing requirements and acceptance criteria . 32 4.4.5 Failed procedures . 41 4.5 Essential variables 41 4.5.1 Materials related variables . 42 4.5.2 Weld geometry related variables 42 4.5.3 Consumables and equipment v
32、ariables 43 4.5.4 Procedural variables . 44 4.5.5 Welding parameter variables . 44 4.6 Qualification of welding personnel 45 4.6.2 Existing qualifications . 45 EEMUA Publication 158 Ed. 3 Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures EEMUA vi 4.6.3 Categories of qualification and testing
33、requirements . 46 4.6.4 Re-testing . 48 4.6.5 Requalification . 48 4.6.6 Qualification test records . 48 5 Construction 49 5.1 General requirements . 49 5.2 Preparation and assembly . 49 5.2.1 Handling procedures 49 5.2.2 Efficient use of free issue materials 49 5.2.3 Spacing of seams and splices .
34、49 5.2.4 Design of welded connections 51 5.2.5 Forming and straightening . 52 5.2.6 Edge preparation 52 5.2.7 Alignment and fit-up of welded joints 53 5.2.8 Rat-holes, penetrations and cut-outs 54 5.3 Control of production welding 54 5.3.1 Welding environment 54 5.3.2 Welding consumables and equipme
35、nt . 55 5.3.3 Preheat and interpass temperature requirements . 55 5.3.4 Temporary and non-structural attachments, ancillaries and miscellaneous steelwork 57 5.3.5 Weld execution 57 5.3.6 Weld interruptions 58 5.3.7 Weld repairs 58 5.3.8 Welding restrictions on PWHT items 59 5.3.9 Weld profile, surfa
36、ce finish and clean-up . 59 5.3.10 Production controls . 60 5.4 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) . 61 5.4.1 Welds requiring PWHT . 61 5.4.2 PWHT procedures . 61 5.4.3 Certification . 62 5.5 Bolted connections . 63 5.5.1 General . 63 5.5.2 Bolting details 63 5.6 Piles and followers 64 6 Fabrication to
37、lerances . 65 6.1 General . 65 6.2 Local tolerances for structural components and sub-assemblies 67 6.2.1 Fabricated tubulars and cones 67 6.2.2 Rectangular plated sections . 81 6.2.4 Cruciform joints . 88 6.2.5 Joint misalignment . 88 6.3 Global tolerances for the completed structure 89 6.3.1 Jacke
38、t and deck node work points 89 6.3.2 Final alignment of bracings and jacket legs 89 6.3.3 Appurtenances . 90 6.3.4 Padeyes, padears and lifting trunnions 92 6.4 Miscellaneous structural steelwork tolerances 92 6.4.1 Handrails. 92 6.4.2 Deck plating, walkways, stairways and landings . 92 6.4.3 Openin
39、gs/penetrations 92 6.4.4 Pile length . 92 EEMUA Publication 158 Ed. 3 Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures EEMUA vii 7 Inspection and non-destructive testing . 93 7.1 General . 93 7.2 Inspection and NDT 93 7.2.1 Extent of inspection and NDT . 93 7.2.2 Timing of final inspection a
40、nd NDT 94 7.3 Qualification of inspection and NDT procedures and personnel . 95 7.3.1 Non-destructive testing procedures 95 7.3.2 Qualification of inspection and NDT personnel 95 7.4 Non-destructive testing techniques . 95 7.4.1 Visual inspection 95 7.4.2 Ultrasonic testing . 96 7.4.3 Radiography 96
41、 7.4.4 Magnetic particle inspection . 97 7.4.5 Leak testing . 97 7.5 Acceptance criteria for flaws 97 7.5.1 General . 97 7.5.2 Visual acceptance . 98 7.5.3 Ultrasonic acceptance . 98 7.5.4 Radiographic acceptance . 98 7.5.5 Magnetic particle examination acceptance . 99 8 References. 101 9 Bibliograp
42、hy 107 Appendix: CTOD testing of HAZs for welding procedure qualification . 109 A1 Introduction 109 A2 Testing requirements 109 A2.1 Number of tests .109 A2.2 Specimen preparation .109 A2.3 Testing .116 A2.4 Procedure for validation 116 A2.5 Reporting 122 A2.6 Acceptance criteria and retesting .123
43、EEMUA Publications Catalogue . 125 EEMUA Publication 158 Ed. 3 Construction Specification for fixed offshore structures EEMUA viii List of Figures Figure 1 Example of a welding procedure specification . 19 Figure 2 Example of a site welding instruction sheet for semi-automatic and manual welding . 2
44、2 Figure 3 Example of a PQR mechanical test report . 25 Figure 4 Demonstration piece for T, K and Y joints 28 Figure 5 Examples of acceptable weld profiles for tubular intersections 29 Figure 6 Hardness indentation locations for grout bead procedures 30 Figure 7 All weld tensile test piece locations
45、 . 34 Figure 8 Locations of indents for hardness surveys 36 Figure 9 Locations and notch positions for weld metal/HAZ Charpy specimens 37 Figure 10 Charpy Specimen locations for weld repairs 38 Figure 11 Location of Charpy specimens in punch-through weld 38 Figure 12 CTOD Test piece geometries and n
46、otch locations . 41 Figure 13 Welder test piece for single sided welds . 47 Figure 14 Welder test piece for special applications . 47 Figure 15 Prohibited areas for node barrel and stub welds 50 Figure 16 Circumferential tolerance . 67 Figure 17 Ovality tolerence . 68 Figure 18 Procedure for determi
47、nation of out-of-circularity . 71 Figure 19 Out-of-circularity tolerance. 73 Figure 20 Out-of-roundness tolerance 74 Figure 21 Local straightness tolerance for tubulars 75 Figure 22 End perpendicularity tolerance 76 Figure 23 Node barrel and stub lengths 77 Figure 24 Out of straightness tolerance fo
48、r members . 77 Figure 25 Node stub location 78 Figure 26 Node and tube stiffener locations 79 Figure 27 Ring stiffener cross section tolerances . 80 Figure 28 Out-of-straightness tolerance for stiffeners in tubulars . 80 Figure 29 Plate girder cross section tolerances 82 Figure 30 Plate girder out-o
49、f-straightness tolerance . 83 Figure 31 Plate girder stiffener tolerances 84 Figure 32 Box girder tolerances . 85 Figure 33 Girder node lengths . 86 Figure 34 Tolerances for stiffened plate panels 87 Figure 35 Joint mismatch tolerance . 88 Figure 36 Global positioning tolerance for tubular nodes. 89 Figure 37 Tolerances for stab-in node mating surfaces . 90 Figure 38 Pile sleeves positioning tolerances . 90 Figure 39 Conductor guides positioning tolerances 91 Figure 40 Caisson and J-tube guides and riser clamps positioning t
