1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 4: Evaluation of working postures and movements in relation to machineryICS 13.110; 13.180g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g4
2、8g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g581005-4:2005+A1:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1005-4:2005 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicate
3、d in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/4, Anthropome
4、try and biomechanics.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cann
5、ot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 June 2005 BS
6、I 2009ISBN 978 0 580 62351 6EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1005-4:2005+A1 October 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 1005-4:2005 English Version Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 4: Evaluation of working postures and movements in relation to machinery S
7、curit des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 4: Evaluation des postures et mouvements lors du travail en relation avec les machines Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche krperliche Leistung - Teil 4: Bewertung von Krperhaltungen und Bewegungen bei der Arbeit an Maschinen This European
8、 Standard was approved by CEN on 17 February 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 18 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alter
9、ation. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tran
10、slation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germa
11、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG
12、Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008: EEN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references
13、 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Requirements.6 4.1 General6 4.2 Guidance towards risk assessment 6 4.2.1 General6 4.2.2 Establish the operator population .7 4.2.3 Perform a task analysis.7 4.2.4 Identify the ergonomic data required 7 4.2.5 Evaluate at the drawing-table/CAD-screen .8 4.2.6 Evaluate w
14、ith operators 8 4.3 Risk assessment8 4.3.1 General8 4.3.2 Trunk .10 4.3.3 Upper arm .14 4.3.4 Head and neck15 4.3.5 Other body parts18 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/79/EC .20 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship b
15、etween this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.21 Bibliography 22 BS EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which
16、 is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment
17、1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-18. This document supersedes EN 1005-4:2005. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trad
18、e Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ EN 1005 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Safety of machinery - Human physical performa
19、nce: Part 1: Terms and definitions; Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery; Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation; Part 4: Evaluation of working postures and movements in relation to machinery; Part 51: Risk assessment for repetitive handling at high
20、 frequency. This European Standard includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
21、 France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 1 This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 “Biomechanics“. BS EN
22、1005-4:2005+A1:2008EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction About one third of all workers in the European Union are involved in painful or tiring postures for more than half of their working day, and close to 50 % of all workers are exposed to short repetitive tasks, which are mostly accompanied b
23、y painful and tiring movements 2. Pain and fatigue may lead to musculoskeletal disorder, reduced productivity, and deteriorated posture and movement control. The latter can increase the risk of errors and may result in reduced quality and hazardous situations. Within the life cycle of a machine, fro
24、m construction to dismantling, all machine-related actions require certain postures and movements. The role of the machinery designer should be to avoid painful and tiring postures and movements. The requirements in this European Standard aim to reduce the health risks associated with machine-relate
25、d actions and could also have a positive effect on the quality, efficiency and profitability of those actions. The requirements in this European Standard are based on current ergonomic knowledge and expert opinions, and will be subject to changes in accordance with future research 1. This document i
26、s a type B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1. The provisions of this European Standard can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the pr
27、ovisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. BS EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard presents guidance when designing machinery or its component parts in assessing and affecting health risks due only to mac
28、hine-related postures and movements, i.e. during assembly, installation, operation, adjustment, maintenance, cleaning, repair, transport, and dismantlement. This European Standard specifies requirements for postures and movements without any or with only minimal external force exertion. The requirem
29、ents are intended to reduce the health risks for nearly all healthy adults. This European Standard is not applicable to the machinery, which is manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable fo
30、r the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 547-1, Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensi
31、ons required for openings for whole body access into machinery. EN 547-2, Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings. EN 547-3, Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 3: Anthropometric data. EN 614-1, S
32、afety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminology and general principles. EN 894-1, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators. EN 894-2, S
33、afety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 2: Displays. EN 894-3, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 3: Control actuators. EN 1005-1:2001, Safety of machinery - Human physical
34、 performance - Part 1: Terms and definitions. EN 1005-2, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery. EN 1005-3, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation. p
35、rEN 1005-52, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 5: Risk assessment for repetitive handling at high frequency. EN 1050, Safety of machinery Principles for risk assessment. EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic ter
36、minology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003). EN ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003). 2This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 “Biomechanics“. BS EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008EN 1005-4:2005+A1:
37、2008 (E) 6 EN ISO 14738, Safety of machinery - Anthropometric requirements for the design of workstations at machinery. (ISO 14738:2002). ISO 11226:2000, Ergonomics - Evaluation of static working postures. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions
38、given in EN 1005-1:2001 and EN ISO 12100-1:2003 apply. 4 Requirements 4.1 General It is recommended that those using this European Standard should first refer to EN 1050, EN ISO 12100-1, EN ISO 12100-2, and EN 614-1. The requirements conveyed by this European Standard formally apply to all machine-r
39、elated actions. Assessing each individual action may be impracticable, therefore those actions which are frequently undertaken or are infrequent but may give rise to risk of pain, fatigue or disorder shall be part of the risk assessment. NOTE It is emphasised that the requirements in this European S
40、tandard should not be used to regulate work organisation. Above all, machinery design shall allow for variation between and while sitting, standing, and walking. Awkward body postures and movements shall be avoided (e.g. kneeling, crouching). Good design shall encourage low frequency movements and a
41、void painful and tiring postures and high frequency movements (see 4.3). This European Standard adopts a stepwise risk assessment approach for assessing postures and movements as part of the machinery design process (see Figure 1). The approach detailed in this European Standard makes a distinction
42、between: Evaluation without operators: When there is no full-size model/prototype of the machinery or its parts currently available (see 4.2.5); Evaluation with operators: When a full-size model/prototype of the machinery or its parts is available (see 4.2.6). Clause 4.2 provides guidance during the
43、 various design stages. Clause 4.3 provides the risk assessment procedure for determining the acceptability of postures and movements. It is emphasised that there may be information available or obtainable on the use and consequences of particular designs and tasks performed. Provision shall be made
44、 for the collection and use of this data. This data shall be analysed to determine whether current designs and practices are adequate or whether a redesign of the machine is needed. The use of inexperienced subjects to perform established tasks may sometimes identify problems that experienced operat
45、ors have learned to avoid. 4.2 Guidance towards risk assessment 4.2.1 General Five main stages of the design process based on ergonomic tasks, as outlined in EN 614-1, are discussed in more detail (see 4.2.2 to 4.2.6 and Figure 1 (texts printed in bold). BS EN 1005-4:2005+A1:2008EN 1005-4:2005+A1:20
46、08 (E) 7 NOTE The numbers in the boxes and the texts to the right refer to sections in this European Standard. Figure 1 Flow chart illustrating the risk assessment approach 4.2.2 Establish the operator population A design shall accommodate the full range of intended operators. When considering the p
47、ostures and movements of operators, it is important to determine the range of body dimensions of the operator population, the general principles of which are described in EN 614-1. The ergonomic tasks described in 4.2.4 to 4.2.6 rely on the selected body dimensions. 4.2.3 Perform a task analysis Eac
48、h task the operator is required to perform shall be identified and broken down into its individual components to produce a series of sequential events. All visual, control (hand/foot), stability, and force demands shall be determined for each of these events. The ergonomic tasks described in 4.2.4 t
49、o 4.2.6 are dependent upon this information. Furthermore, possible movement frequencies and work durations required with the machine shall be considered. The risk assessment described in 4.3.2 to 4.3.5 is dependent upon this information. 4.2.4 Identify the ergonomic data required When considering the postures and movements of operators, EN ISO 14738 provides the ergonomic data required in any design process, i.e., with respect to: Selecting the main working posture (sitting, standing, standing with a buttock rest); Machinery dimensions (space/area de
