1、BRITISH STANDARD Evaluation of resistance of steel products to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Tob BS EN 10229: 1998 The European Standard EN 10229:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICs 77.060 STD-BSI BS EN 10227-ENGL 1998 1624669 0711293 942 Amd. No. Date BS EN 102291998 Text affected This
2、British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1998 O BSI 1998 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 102291998. The UK partic
3、ipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/72, Methods of physical and metallographic testing, which has the responsibfity to: - aid enquirers to understand the text; - present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the - monitor related international and Eur
4、opean developments and promulgate interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or Eu
5、ropean publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitied “Intrnational Standards Correspondence Index“, or by using the “Find“ facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the nec
6、essary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, p
7、ages 2 to 9 and a back cover ISBN O 680 29798 6 STD*BSI BS EN 30229-ENGL 1998 m 3624669 0733294 889 m EN 10229 March 1998 ICs 77.060 Descriptors: Tests, cracking tests, estimation, crachg (fracturing), crack propagation, definitions, test specimen, procedure English version Evaluation of resistance
8、of steel pmducts to hydrogen induced eraclan$ WC) Evaluation de la rsistance des produits en acier la suration induite par lhydrogne (HIC) Bewertung der Bestandigkeit von StaNerzeugnissen gegen wasserstofnnduzierte EliBbildung (HIC) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 March 1998. CEN mem
9、bers are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any aiteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicati
10、on to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three officiai versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the s
11、ame status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriq Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Fnland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norwax Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. European Committee for St
12、andardizat;ion Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fur Normung Centrai Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Memberc. Ref. No. EN 102291998 E STD-BSI BS EN 10229-ENGL 1998
13、 W Lb24bb9 0711295 715 W Page 2 EN 102291998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISSiTC 1, Steels - Mechanical and physical tests, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publ
14、ication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1998. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the nationai standards organizations of the following countries are bound to imple
15、ment this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Itaiy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norwax Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Foreword Introduction 1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10
16、3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9 10 Scope Definitions sample test piece section crack hydrogen induced crack separation between cracks isolated crack crack system extent of cracking stepwise crack Principle of the method Test solutions Test solution A Tes
17、t solution B (synthetic seawater) Volume ratio Reagent purity 4P- Test Pieces Location and orientation Size Preparation Test procedure Test batch Degreasing Test piece exposure Deaeration and saturation Test period Evaluation of test pieces Blisters Test piece sectionhg Prepasation of sections Evalu
18、ation of cracking Ratio calculations Test report page 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 O BSI 1998 STDOBSI BS EN L0229-ENGL 1998 m Lb2Ybb9 07LL29b b5L m Intsoduction The need, today, to driU deeper to find oil and natural gas and the procedures tha are being
19、 used in many fields to enhance oil and gas recovery are resulting in an increase worldwide in the number of fields considered “sour”. This in turn is leading to an increasing demand from oil companies for steels resistant to sour conditions. Flow lines or gathering pipelines in sour fields may be t
20、ransporting crude oil or natural gas containing significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and water. Additionallx there is increased recognition of the importance of sour operating conditions in pressure vessels and structurai steel work. On steel, the presence of water with H2S can cause corros
21、ion. Atomic hydrogen generated by the corrosion reaction can be absorbed into the steel and lead to cracking of the product Cracks on adjacent planes may link up to form through thickness “steps” and in some instances surface blistering may occur. Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) occurs without appli
22、ed stresses. The test described in this European Standard is not intended to duplicate service conditions, nor show how a material will perform in service. It is an accelerated corrosion test designed as a reproducible procedure capable of evaluating the resistance to hydrogen induced cracking. NOTE
23、 A draft “Corrosion protection - Carbon and alloy steels for use in H2S containing environments in oil and gas production - Materials requirements and test method being currently prepared by CENirC 262, Protection of metallic materials against corrosion, uses also the term “step wise cracking (SWC)”
24、. 1 Scope This standard specifies a method of evaluation of the susceptibility to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) of steel products with nominal thicknesses equal to or greater than 6 mm. NOTE This standard may be applied by agreement to products with nominal thicknesses lower than 6 mm. This standa
25、rd does not cover resistance to other types of corrosion such as stress corrosion cracking. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply 2.1 sample a sufficient quantity of material taken from the product for the purpose of producing three test pieces; for example
26、: ring in case of tubes, part of plates 2.2 test piece part of the sample with specified dimensions, machined for submission to the test Page 3 EN 10229:1998 2.3 section the part which is cut from each test piece after testing, metallographicaliy prepared and examined in order to assess the cracking
27、 present. Three sections are taken per test piece 2.4 crack a more or less planar void discontinuity in the steel 2.6 hydrogen induced crack a crack below and approximately parallel to the surface of the product, initiated and propagated by the action of hydrogen in the steel as a result of contact
28、with a wet sour medium 2.6 separation between cracks the shortest straight line distance between two cracks 2.7 isolated crack a crack separated from the next crack by more than 0,50 mm, with a minimum length eqd to or greater than 0,l mm (see Figures 1 and 2) 2.8 crack system a combination of two o
29、r more cracks, each of which is within 0,50 mm of the next crack (see Figures 1 and 2) 2.9 extent of cracking the magnitudes of the longitudinal and transverse components of a crack or crack system are referred to as “the longitudinal extent of cracking ELC” and “the transverse extent of crackmg ETC
30、”, respectively (see Fgure 1). NOTE transverse components. AU hydrogen induced crack systems have longitudinal and 2.10 stepwise crack crack system in which the ttmsverse component is equal to or greater than 0,l mm 3 Principle of the method The method consists of exposing test pieces without any ap
31、plied stress to a corrosive medium for a period of 96 h, followed by evaluation of the test pieces. The corrosive medium is a H2S saturated solution which may be either an acidified sodium chloride solution (test solution A; see 4.1) or a synthetic seawater (test solution B; see 4.2). Other intermed
32、iate solutions may also be agreed between purchaser and supplier. O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 10229-ENGL 1778 1624669 07LL297 598 Page 4 EN 102291998 4 wst solutions 4.1 Test solution A The acidified sodium chloride solution shall be prepared by dissolving 50 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 5 g of glac
33、ial acetic acid (CH COOH) in 945 ml of introduced. 4.2 Test solution B (synthetic seawater) lb prepare 10,O 1 of synthetic seawater, dissolve 24534 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 40,94 g of anhydrous sodium suif - CaCl2 (anhydrous): 405,6 g (= 57,9 gl); - SrCl2-6HzO: 14,s g (= 2,l gl). The solution
34、 shall be stored in well-stoppered glass or other chemically inert material containers for a time not exceeding 6 months. b) Solution BZ The solution shall be prepared by dissolving the indicated amounts of the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of 7,O 1 : - NaHCO3: 140,7 g (= 20,
35、l a); - KC1486,2 g (= 69,5 gl); - KBc 70,4 g (= 10,O gl); - B03H3: 19,o g (= 2,7 g/i); - NaF. 2,l g (= 0,3 fl). The solution shall be stored in weli-stoppered glass or other chemically inert material containers for a time not exceeding 6 months. 4.3 Volume ratio The ratio of the volume of test solut
36、ion to the total surface area of the test pieces shall be between 3 mVcm2 and 6 ml/cmz. 4.4 Reagent purity The purity of the gases shall be 99,5 % minimum per volume. All chemicals shall be of reagent quality The water shall be distilled or deionized. NOTE The conductivity of the water shouid not no
37、rmally exceed 5 wS/cm. 5 Apparatus Testing shall be carried out in apparatus which meets the specific requirements for HIC tests and shall take fdl account of the safety procedures necessary when using toxic hydrogen sulfide gas. The basic equipment of the apparatus shall include the - a test vessel
38、 and supports made of chemically inert material such as glass or polytetrafiuorethylene (PTFE); - equipment to maintain the standard temperature during the tesc - devices to measure gas flow rates; - a trap to avoid backstreaming of air which could give oxygen con tamination of the test atmosphere.
39、This could be, for instance, a vessel with sodium hydroxide solution to bind the surplus H2S. following: 6 “kst Pieces 6.1 Location and orientation 6.1.1 Samples from which the test pieces will be machined shaii be removed fi-om the material to be assessed by any appropriate method. If the samples a
40、re flame cut, they shall be of sufficient size such that test pieces can be machined well away from the heat affected zones. 6.1.2 Three test pieces shall be prepared from the sample (see 2.1) with the main axis in the longitudinal or in the main deformation direction: a) for welded tubes test piece
41、s shall be taken from weld and in an angle distance of 90“ and 180“ to the weld b) for seamless tube test pieces shall be circonferentially staggered by 120“; c) for other product, location and number of test pieces shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. 6.1.3 A method shall be used to ma
42、intain the identity of the test pieces. This identification shall be made on one or on both small surfaces. 6.2 Size If not otherwise specified, the dimensions of the test pieces shall be as follows: - length L = 100 mm f2 mm; - thickness a = full material thickness less a maximum of 1 mm on each su
43、rface for products with nominal thicknesses from 6 mm up to 30 mm. The thickness of the test piece shall be at least 50 % of the nominal thickness with a maximum of 30 nun. For product with thickness lower than 6 mm or greater than 30 mm the dimensions of test pieces shall be defined at the time of
44、enquiry and order, - width b = 20 IKI f 0,5 mm; O BSI 1998 STD*BSI BS EN 10229-ENGL 1998 9 1624669 0711298 424 6.3 Preparation 6.3.1 Mechanical flattening of curved test pieces shall not be permitted All test pieces shall be premachined to final dimensions plus 0,25 mm on width (b) and thickness (u)
45、. The final 0,25 mm shall be removed equally fkom opposite faces and in stages using a wet wheel surface grinder or equivalent. 6.3.2 The four principal faces of the test pieces shall then be prepared using standard metallographic preparation methods to a final 320 grit finish. 6.3.3 If testing is n
46、ot to be carried out during the same day the test pieces sha be stored in a dessimator. It is recommended that storage should not exceed 24 h. 7 Rst procedure 7.1 Test batch When test pieces are tested in batches, the number of test pieces that make up a kst batch shall be limited only by the volume
47、 of the test vessel and the solution volumeitest piece surace area ratio (see 4.3). 7.2 Degreasing AU test pieces shall be degreased in a suitable solvent immediately prior to testing. Degreasing shall be considerated as satisfactory if the following test is satisfied: A drop of c) test solution; d)
48、 pH and H2S concentration after the test; e) the find result of the evaluation (see 9.4); f) individual values for each section and each test piece with the photographs of the blisters; g) whether nital etching was used, mention it (see 8.3); h) magrucation used for the measurement (see 8.4.1). mean
49、 of the values of the nine sections. O BSI 1998 Page 7 EN 102291998 4 C b / A and B considered as two separated cracks r = 0.5 rnm This zone shall be A and B considered as a single crack Figure 1 - Method of measuring cracks O BSI 1998 Page 8 EN 102291998 Figure I- 8- r =OS + - * r=05 +2LiL Discussion d = distance between Crack dimensions two cracks (mm) ELCi ETCi d 0,5 two separated cracks 4,5 x OB x o d c 0,5 crack system 8 X 0,7 the crack of 0,02 mm is less 4,5 x OB x o than 0,l mm so it is not considered stepwise as in b) 8 X 0,7 8x0 d c
