1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12101-6:2005Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Smoke and heat control systems Part 6: Specification for pressure differential systems KitsThe European Standard EN 12101-6:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.220.99g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37
2、g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 12101-6:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2005 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 4
3、6255 2National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 12101-6:2005, incorporating corrigendum August 2006. It supersedes BS 5588-4:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/25, Smoke and hea
4、t control systems.A list of organizations represented on FSH/25 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immu
5、nity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments16745Corrigendum No. 130 November 2006 Replacement of Equations A.3, A.3a, A.10, A.12 and A.25EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12101-6June 2005ICS 13.220.99 English versionSmoke and heat control sys
6、tems - Part 6: Specification forpressure differential systems - KitsSystmes pour le contrle des fumes et de la chaleur -Partie 6: Spcifications pour les systmes diffrentiel depression - KitsAnlagen zur Kontrolle von Rauch- und Wrmesstrmungen- Teil 6: Anforderung an Differenzdrucksysteme - BaustzeThi
7、s European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical referenc
8、es concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its
9、 own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembo
10、urg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploita
11、tion in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12101-6:2005: EIncorporating corrigendum August 2006 EN 12101-6:2005 (E) 2Contents PageForeword 30 Introduction.41 Scope .92 Normative references .93 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 104 System classificati
12、on for buildings .155 Features of a pressurization system .316 Spaces to be pressurized.397 Design procedures for pressurization systems .498 Pressurization of refuges and other spaces.559 Depressurization.5510 Interaction with other fire protection systems and other building systems.5911 Installati
13、on and equipment (including components)6112 Acceptance testing .7013 Maintenance 7114 Documentation7315 Design calculations 7416 Evaluation of conformity 75Annex A (informative) Design recommendations 80Annex B (informative) Solutions for inability to obtain design pressure differential92Annex ZA (i
14、nformative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of the Construction Products Directive93Bibliography.98EN 12101-6:2005 (E) 3Foreword This document (EN 12101-6:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 191 “Fixed firefighting systems”, t
15、he secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2005. This do
16、cument has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 89/106/EEC. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA which is an integral part of this document. This E
17、uropean Standard has the general title “Smoke and heat control systems“ and consists of the following eleven parts: Part 1: Specification for smoke barriers;Part 2: Specification for natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators;Part 3: Specification for powered smoke and heat exhaust ventilators;Part
18、4: Fire and smoke control installations Kits;Part 5: Design and calculation for smoke and exhaust ventilation systems (published as CR 20-5);Part 6: Specification for pressure differential systems Kits;Part 7: Smoke control ducts;Part 8: Specification for smoke control dampers;Part 9: Control panels
19、 and emergency control panels;Part 10: Power supplies;EN 12101 is included in a series of European Standards planned to cover also: a) Gas extinguishing systems (EN 12094 and EN ISO 14520); b) Sprinkler systems (EN 12259); c) Powder systems (EN 12416); d) Explosion protection systems (EN 26184); e)
20、Foam systems (EN 13565); g) Hose reel systems (EN 671); h) Water spray systems (EN 14816). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denma
21、rk, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12101-6:2005 (E) 40 Introduction 0.1 Smoke movement in the buildingThis
22、document covers information and requirements on the design, calculation methods, installation and testing of systems intended to limit the spread of smoke by means of pressure differentials. Pressure differential systems can be achieved by two methods: i) pressurization maintaining a positive pressu
23、re within the protected spaces (see Figure 1a), or ii) depressurization removing hot gases from the fire zone at a lower pressure than the adjacent protected space (see Figure 1b). EN 12101-6:2005 (E) 5123456789Key 1 Outside 2 Pressurized space 3 Overpressure relief 4 External leakage 5 Fire zone 6
24、Air release vents 7 Air intake 8 Supply fan 9 Supply ductwork Figure 1 a) Examples of pressurization and depressurization systems EN 12101-6:2005 (E) 6DP-5 -5000613455625Pa Pa PaPa7Key1 Stair 2 Lobby 3 Accommodation (DP Depressurized space) 4 Exhaust (Depressurize) 5 Leakage path through doors etc.
25、6 Replacement air 7 Fire-resisting construction Figure 1 b) Example of a depressurization system basements or other spaces with no external windows In the event of fire, the smoke produced follows a pattern of movement arising from the following main driving forces. Buoyancy experienced by hot gases
26、 on the fire storey. Within the fire zone, smoke produced by the fire experiences a buoyancy force owing to its reduced density. In a building this can result in upwards smoke movement between storeys if leakage paths exist to the storey above. In addition, this buoyancy can cause smoke to spread th
27、rough leakage paths in vertical barriers between rooms, e.g. doors, walls, partitions. The pressure differential typically causes smoke and hot gases to leak out of gaps at the top of a door and cool air to be drawn in through gaps at the bottom. Thermal expansion of hot gases in the fire zone. Fire
28、 induced expansion of gases can result in a build up of pressure, accompanied by a flow of hot gases out of the compartment. However, in most cases the initial expansion forces may dissipate quickly and may be ignored. Stack effect throughout the building. In cold ambient conditions, the air in a bu
29、ilding is generally warmer and less dense than the external air. The buoyancy of the warm air causes it to rise within vertical shafts in the EN 12101-6:2005 (E) 7building, and a pressure gradient is set up in the column such that cold air is drawn into the bottom of the shaft and warm air is forced
30、 out at the top. In warm ambient conditions, when the air inside the building can be cooler than that outside, the reverse condition may exist, i.e. air is forced out at the bottom of the stack and drawn in at the top. In either case, at some intermediate point a neutral pressure plane is formed whe
31、re the pressures of the external and the internal air are equal. Wind pressure forces. When wind blows towards the side of a building, it is slowed down, resulting in a build-up of pressure on the windward face. At the same time the wind is deflected and accelerated around the side walls and over th
32、e roof, creating a reduction in pressure on the leeward side of the building, i.e. suction in these areas. The greater the speed of the wind, the greater the suction. The main effect of these pressures is to produce a horizontal movement of air through the building from the windward to the leeward s
33、ides. If the building envelope is leaky, e.g. with openable doors and windows, then the effect will be more pronounced. In a fire, if a broken window exists on the windward side of the building, the wind can force the smoke through the building horizontally or in some circumstances vertically. It ca
34、n be difficult to predict accurately the wind pressures that will be exerted on buildings or the resultant internal airflows, and computer or wind tunnel analysis may be necessary for a full understanding. NOTE Guidance on wind loading is given in prEN 1991-2-4. HVAC systems. HVAC systems can supply
35、 air to the fire zone and aid combustion, or transport smoke rapidly to areas not within the zone of the source of the fire, and are often shut down in the event of fire. However, such systems can often be modified to assist in restricting smoke spread or be used in conjunction with pressure differe
36、ntial system air supply and/or release systems. 0.2 Objectives of pressure differential systems The objective of this document is to give information on the procedures intended to limit the spread of smoke from one space within a building to another, via leakage paths through physical barriers (e.g.
37、 cracks around closed doors) or open doors. Pressure differential systems offer the facility of maintaining tenable conditions in protected spaces, for example escape routes, firefighting access routes, firefighting shafts, lobbies, staircases, and other areas that require to be kept free of smoke.
38、This document offers information with regard to life safety, firefighting and property protection within all types of buildings. It is necessary to determine not only where the fresh air supply for pressurization is to be introduced into a building but also where that air and smoke will leave the bu
39、ilding and what paths it will follow in the process. Similar considerations apply to depressurization schemes, i.e. the route for the exhaust air, plus consideration for the inlet replacement air and the paths it will follow. The aim therefore is to establish a pressure gradient (and thus an airflow
40、 pattern) with the protected escape space at the highest pressure and the pressure progressively decreasing in areas away from the escape routes. Pressure differential systems provide one means of improving the level of fire safety within a building. A decision as to whether such a system is appropr
41、iate to a particular project should be taken in context with the overall design strategy for means of escape, firefighting and property protection within the building. This will lead to design assumptions which are expected to be appropriate to the particular project, especially in regard of the mos
42、t likely leakage paths caused by simultaneous open doors as outlined in Clause 5. Drawings that accompany the text in this document are intended only to clarify points made in the text. It should be assumed that the arrangements shown are informative only. When the designer is unable to comply with
43、this document in full, an alternative fire safety engineered approach can be adopted. The engineered solution should adopt the functional requirements set out in this document wherever appropriate.0.3 Smoke control methods The effect of the air movement forces described above is to create pressure d
44、ifferentials across the partitions, walls and floors which can add together and can cause smoke to spread to areas removed from the fire source. The techniques most commonly used to limit the degree of smoke spread, or to control its effects, are: EN 12101-6:2005 (E) 8a) smoke containment using a sy
45、stem of physical barriers to inhibit the spread of smoky gases from the fire affected space to other parts of the building, e.g. walls and doors; b) smoke clearance, using any method of assisting the fire service in removing smoky gases from a building when smoke is no longer being produced, i.e. po
46、st extinction; c) smoke dilution, deliberately mixing the smoky gases with sufficient clean air to reduce the hazard potential; d) smoke (and heat) exhaust ventilation, achieving a stable separation between the warm smoky gases forming a layer under the ceiling, and those lower parts of the same spa
47、ce requiring protection from the effects of smoke for evacuation of occupants and firefighting operations. This normally requires the continuous exhaust of smoke using either natural or powered ventilators, and the introduction of clean replacement air into the fire affected space beneath the smoke
48、layer; e) pressurization, see 3.1.27; f) depressurization, see 3.1.10. This document provides guidance and information on smoke control using pressure differentials, i.e. only the techniques given in items e) and f). Items a) - d) are not discussed further within this document. Smoke control using p
49、ressure differentials generally requires lower ventilation rates than b) or c) above but is limited to the protection of enclosed spaces adjacent to spaces being smoke logged in the event of a fire. 0.4 Analysis of the problem The purpose of a pressure differential system, whether used for the protection of means of escape, firefighting operations or property protection, can have a significant influence on the system design and specification. It is, therefore, essential that the fire safety objectives are clearly established and agreed with the appro
