1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12198-1:2000 ICS 13
2、.110; 13.280 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 1: General principles +A1:2008National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12198-1:2000
3、+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 12198-1:2000 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“
4、. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
5、 Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008 ISBN 978 0 580 61860 4 BS EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 BSI 2009 3 Apri
6、l 2009 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000 0 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12198-1:2000+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.280 Supersedes EN 12198-1:2000 English Version Safety of machinery
7、 - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principlesScurit des machines - Estimation et rduction des risques engendrs par les rayonnements mis par les machines - Partie 1: Principes gnraux Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung und Verminderung
8、des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Leitstze This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 May 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 27 July 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditio
9、ns for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three o
10、fficial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Aust
11、ria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMM
12、ITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008: E2 Contents F
13、oreword3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Definitions 6 4 Classification of radiation emissions 6 4.1 Classification of radiation by frequency and wavelength .6 4.2 Characteristics of radiation emissions .7 5 General procedure.7 6 Risk assessment8 6.1 General8 6.2 Procedure for the risk assessme
14、nt8 7 Requirements.9 7.1 Classification of machines due to radiation emission levels .9 7.2 Design requirements .10 8 Protective measures for the elimination or reduction of the risks due to radiation emission10 8.1 Principles10 8.2 Choice of the appropriate measures .11 8.3 Protective measures agai
15、nst secondary hazards 11 9 Verification of compliance with requirements11 10 Information for use and maintenance12 10.1 Information for use 12 10.2 Information for maintenance 12 11 Marking .13 12 Signals and warning devices15 Annex A (normative) Stages in the “life“ of a machine.16 Annex B (normati
16、ve) Correlation between the level of radiation emission and the radiation emission category 17 Annex C (informative) Examples of measures for the elimination or reduction of exposure to radiation 25 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of
17、 EU Directive 98/37/EC“.27 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.28 BS EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Commit
18、tee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
19、the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-07-27. This document supersedes EN 12198-1:2000. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN
20、 by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). !For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ This European Standard deals with the essential requirem
21、ent “Radiation“ (see EN 292-2, Annex A, paragraph 1.5.10). The annexes A and B are normative, and the annex C is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Bel
22、gium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 12198-1:2000+A1
23、:2008 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction Machinery supplied by electrical power or containing radiation sources may emit radiation or generate electric and/or magnetic fields. The radiation emissions and fields will vary in frequency and magnitude. The European Machinery Directive requires p
24、recautions to avoid or reduce risks caused by the emission of radiation from a machine. Machinery must be so designed and constructed that any emission of radiation is limited to the extent necessary for its operation and that the effects on exposed persons are non-existent or reduced to non-dangero
25、us proportions (EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995). To assess the risk of injury caused by radiation emissions and fields from a machine it is necessary to know the type of radiation emission, the level of the emission and the intensity of this emission with respect to possible adverse health effects. This Euro
26、pean Standard is intended to give manufacturers and type C-standards makers advice on how to identify radiation emissions from machinery, how to decide on their magnitude and significance, how to assess the risks and what means could be used to avoid or reduce the radiation emissions from machines.
27、This European Standard reflects the general principles for the identification and the assessment of radiation emission by machinery. Details of the measurement of the radiation emission will be given in part 2 of this standard. Part 3 of this standard will contain details of protective measures for
28、avoiding or reducing radiation exposure of persons by reducing emissions and requiring the provision of information. Radiation emitted by machinery may be intended for processing or may occur unintentionally. Clause 7 of this standard requires, that the manufacturer shall assign the machine to a des
29、ign radiation emission category. For undesirable radiation emission the emission level should be reduced to values corresponding to category 0. Functional radiation emission shall be limited to the necessary degree for the operation of the machine. The remaining emission levels shall be assessed and
30、 an emission category shall be determined. If necessary protective measures will have to be applied. This European Standard is a standard of B1-type in a series of standards for the safety of machinery. BS EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard deals with the emi
31、ssion of radiation from machinery. This European Standard gives advice to manufacturers for the construction of safe machinery, if no relevant C-type standard exists. This radiation emission may be functional for processing or may be undesirable. The issues of electromagnetic compatibility are not a
32、ddressed in the standard. This European Standard is intended to give advice to C-type standardization groups, on how to identify radiation emissions or fields 1 , how to determine their significance and intensity, how to assess the possible risks and what means may be used to avoid or reduce radiati
33、on emissions. This advice should be elaborated in C-type standards for specific classes of machines as assessable requirements. This standard deals with the emission of all types of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation may be dealt with in other documents or in the future revis
34、ions. This standard does not deal with the emission of laser radiation. Radiation sources fixed to a machine which are used only for lighting are excluded from the scope of this standard. This standard applies to machinery as defined in clause 3.1 of EN 292-1:1991. 2 Normative references This Europe
35、an Standard is incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publication
36、s apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology EN 29
37、2-2:1991 + A1:1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications (and Amendment A1:1995) EN 1050, Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment EN 1070, Safety of machinery Terminology EN 50082-1, Electromagnetic compatibi
38、lity Generic immunity standard Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry EN 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:1999) !EN 12198-2:2002“, Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising f
39、rom radiation emitted by machinery Part 2: Radiation emission measurement procedure 1In the rest of the present document, the generic term “radiation“ covers either the different types of radiation emitted by a machine (i.e. optical radiation), or fields (i.e. electromagnetic and/or magnetic fields)
40、 or waves (i.e. electromagnetic waves). BS EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 6 !EN 12198-3:2002“, Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 3: Reduction of radiation by attenuation or screening IEC 60050-845, Internationa
41、l electrotechnical vocabulary ; chapter 845: Lighting 3 Definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply in addition to the definitions given in EN 1070, and in IEC 60050-845: 3.1 functional radiation emission emission of radiation by a machine needed for its f
42、unction in the process area NOTE An example of functional radiation emission is a radiation beam used for thickness gauging. 3.2 undesirable radiation emission all radiation emissions, other than functional radiation emissions emitted to any points outside the process area NOTE An example of an unde
43、sirable radiation emission is the leakage radiation from a printing machine, in which the printing inks are cured by ultraviolet radiation. 3.3 trivial radiation emission radiation emissions and fields, the intensity of which are so very low that cannot influence on the categorization of the machine
44、, according to clause 7 3.4 accessible surface hypothetical surface, just enveloping the machine, from which the measurement points are located 4 Classification of radiation emissions 4.1 Classification of radiation by frequency and wavelength For the purposes of this standard, the classification of
45、 radiation by frequency and wavelength or energy is given in table 1. Table 1 Classification of non ionization radiation Nature Type Frequency/ Wavelength Electric and/or magnetic fields Extremely low and low frequency 0 780 nm Optical radiation Visible 780 nm 380 nm Optical radiation Ultra-violet 3
46、80 nm 100 nm f = frequency. = wavelength. NOTE The above specified intervals of the frequency and wavelength of the radiation may be different in other documents dealing with radiation. BS EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 7 4.2 Characteristics of radiation emissions Radiation emis
47、sions can also be characterized by their intensity, duration, frequency, spatial and spectral distribution, for example: continuous wawe ; modulated, pulsed ; broad-band (covering several frequencies) ; with continuous or discrete spectrum (line spectrum) ; geometrical characteristics ; coherent, no
48、n-coherent ; polarisation. 5 General procedure The manufacturer of a machine shall carry out a risk assessment according to EN 1050. This includes the determination of the limits of the machinery, an identification of all hazards, a risk estimation and a risk evaluation. After the risk assessment me
49、asures for the reduction of unacceptable risks shall be applied if necessary. After that a repetition of the risk assessment, or only parts of it, may be necessary. For those risks which are related to the emission of radiation from a machine the procedure of risk assessment and risk reduction which shall be carried out by the manufacturer consists of: an assessment of the risks due to the emission of all types of radiation (see clause 6) ; application of appropriate measures for the elimination or reduction of the radiation
