1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12413:2007Safety requirements for bonded abrasive productsICS 25.100.70nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nulln
2、ullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull+A1:2011National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12413:2007+A1:2011. It supersedes BS EN 12413:2007 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indic
3、ating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MTE/13, Grinding wheels, abrasive tools, paper and cloths, and powders.A list of organization
4、s represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS E
5、N 12413:2007+A1:2011This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2007 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 July 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:201ISBN 978 0 580 72232 5EUROPEAN STANDARD NO
6、RME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12413:2007+A1 March 2011 ICS 25.100.70 Supersedes EN 12413:2007English Version Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products Exigences de scurit pour les produits abrasifs agglomrs Sicherheitsanforderungen fr Schleifkrper aus gebundenem Schleifmittel This European
7、 Standard was approved by CEN on 10 May 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 17 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteratio
8、n. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
9、translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, F
10、inland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHE
11、S KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12413:2007+A1:2011: E2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction . 51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Defini
12、tions and symbols . 63.1 Bonded abrasive products . 63.2 Grinding machines 63.3 Grinding method 73.4 Type of application 73.5 Symbols 94 List of significant hazards 105 Requirements . 105.1 General requirements 105.2 Strength requirements 115.3 Dimensional requirements 125.4 Admissible unbalance . 3
13、25.5 Marking . 325.6 Blotters . 326 Verification of the requirements and inspection 326.1 Verification methods . 326.2 Scope of inspection by the manufacturer . 337 Information for use 35Annex A (normative) Marking 36A.1 Content of marking 36A.2 Execution of marking 39Annex B (informative) Mounted p
14、oints . 40B.1 Example calculation of the maximum permissible speeds of rotation 40B.2 Example for application of the calculation method . 44Annex C (normative) Verification methods for side load capacity 46C.1 General 46C.2 Single point side load 46C.3 Three point side load . 47C.4 Impact test 48Ann
15、ex D (informative) Colour codes . 49Annex E (informative) Speed conversion table 50Bibliography 51BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)3 Foreword This document (EN 12413:2007+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 143 “Machine tools Safety”, the secretariat of which is
16、held by SNV. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. This document includes Amendment
17、 1, approved by CEN on 2011-01-17. This document supersedes !EN 12413:2007“. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. Significant technical differences between !EN 12413:2007“ and EN 12413:1999 are as follows: a) deletion of different abbr
18、eviations in Table 1 to Table 4 and Table 7; b) deletion of 140 m/s and 160 m/s in Clause 5.1.1; c) revision of Table 11 “Maximum operating speeds, safety factors and minimum bursting speeds for different types of machine and types of application“. In the revised Table 11 (now Table 4) are there onl
19、y relations between the range of vs, the safety factor Sbrand burst speed factor fbr; d) in Clause 5.1.3 “Side load capacity“ (new Clause 5.2.3) are the relevant values for the different tests depending on vsand the outside diameter of the abrasive product; e) extension of requirements in Clause 5.6
20、 “Blotters“, Annex B “Blotters“ (normative) is completely deleted; f) revision of Clause 6 in accordance with rules for the structure and drafting of CEN/CENELEC publications; g) Table 13 “Safety test speeds“ deleted and revision of Table 14 “Scope of the inspection“; h) revision of Clause 7 “Inform
21、ation for use“; i) content of Table A.2 “Colour codes and design of colour codes“ to change as additional marking in Annex D (informative); j) in Table A.3 “Restrictions of use“, RE2 deleted and RE8 included; k) Figures A.1, A.2 and Clause A.4 “Design of the marking“ deleted; l) revision of Annex C
22、(normative), now Annex B (informative), Mounted points only as an example calculation of the maximum permissible speed of rotation; m) extension of Annex D (informative), now Annex C (normative), with additional requirements concerning the verification methods for side load capacity. !Significant te
23、chnical differences between EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 and EN 12413:2007 are as follows: n) in 6.2, Table 7, the requirements for the scope of inspection of “all other abrasive products“ have been changed.“ BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)4 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
24、 of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to imple
25、ment this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swi
26、tzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)5 Introduction This standard has been prepared to provide one means of conforming with essential safety requirements, e.g. of the Safety Product Directive and associated EFTA regulations. This standard is addressed to desi
27、gners, manufacturers and suppliers of the abrasive products described in the scope. In addition, it helps designers, manufacturers and suppliers of grinding machines in the selection of abrasive products, in order to reduce the risks and achieve conformity of the respective machinery with the Essent
28、ial safety requirements of the Machinery Directive. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)6 1 Scope This standard is applicable to rotating bonded abrasive products. It specifies requirements and/or measur
29、es for the removal or reduction of hazards resulting from the design and application of the abrasive products. This standard also contains procedures and tests for verification of compliance with the requirements as well as safety information for use, which is to be made available to the user by the
30、 manufacturer. The hazards taken into consideration are listed in Clause 4 of this standard. This standard does not apply to superabrasives and coated abrasive products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refere
31、nces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 6103, Bonded abrasive products Permissible unbalances of grinding wheels as delivered Static testing (ISO 6103:2005) ISO 525, Bonded abrasive product
32、s General requirements ISO 13942, Bonded abrasive products Limit deviations and run-out tolerances 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 Bonded abrasive products Products consisting of abrasives e.g. aluminium oxide, silicon carbide held together by a bond. Bonded abrasive products within the meaning of thi
33、s standard are all products as defined, see for example by ISO 525. 3.2 Grinding machines 3.2.1 Stationary machines Machines that are fixed in position during operation, see for example EN 13218. Included are fixed swing-frame machines and mobile machines clamped firmly in position during use. 3.2.2
34、 Mobile machines Machines that are not fixed in position during operation. They are manually guided (but not supported) by hand during use, e.g. floor grinding machines, flexibly suspended swing-frame grinding machines. 3.2.3 Hand-held machines Machines, including those with flexible drives that are
35、 held in the hand during the grinding process, see for example EN 792-7, EN 792-9, EN 60745-2-3 and EN ISO 19432. BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)7 3.2.4 Machines with totally enclosed working area Stationary machines that are protected in such a way by separating guards that machin
36、ing processes including loading and unloading of workpieces are carried out inside them and persons are protected against hazards generated by bursting of an abrasive product. 3.3 Grinding method 3.3.1 Peripheral grinding Grinding with the periphery of the wheel with no or limited side loads. 3.3.2
37、Face grinding Grinding with the face of the wheel. 3.3.3 Cutting-off Cutting-off or slotting with the periphery of the cutting-off wheel. 3.3.4 High pressure grinding Grinding with high contact pressure for steel conditioning. 3.4 Type of application 3.4.1 General See Table 1. 3.4.2 Mechanically gui
38、ded grinding Feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece are guided by mechanical means. 3.4.3 Manually guided grinding Feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece are manually guided by the operator. 3.4.4 Hand-held grinding Grinding machine is entirely guided by the opera
39、tors hands. BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)8 Table 1 Type of application Type of grinding machine Type of application Abrasive product Workpiece Stationary machines Mechanically guided grinding Fixed Guided mechanically Guided mechanically Fixed Guided mechanically Guided mechanica
40、lly Stationary and mobile machines Manually guided grinding Guided by hand Fixed Fixed Guided by hand Hand-held machines Hand-held grinding Guided by hand Fixed BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)9 3.5 Symbols Table 2 Symbols Abbrevia- tions Designation Definition Unit nabDeflection sp
41、eed of mounted points Revolutions per minute at which the spindle of mounted points is deflecting under centrifugal force 1/min nmaxMaximum permissible speed of rotation Revolutions per minute of the new abrasive product at maximum operating speed 1/min vsMaximum operating speed Maximum permissible
42、peripheral speed of a rotating abrasive product m/s vprSafety test speed Peripheral speed at which abrasive products are tested by the manufacturer m/s fprTest speed factor Safety test speed divided by maximum operating speed: sprprvvf = fbrBurst speed factor Minimum bursting speed divided by maximu
43、m operating speed: sbrbrvvfmin= vbrBursting speed Peripheral speed at which the abrasive product breaks due to centrifugal force m/s vbr minMinimum bursting speed Peripheral speed, which the abrasive product shall at least reach without bursting due to centrifugal force m/s SbrSafety factor against
44、bursting due to centrifugal force Bursting speed divided by maximum operating speed, all squared: 2=sbrbrvvS SabSafety factor of spindle deflection for mounted points Deflection speed divided by maximum permissible speed of rotation: maxnnSabab= A Impact resistance Resistance of a rotating abrasive
45、product to lateral impact Nm FS1Single point side load Resistance of a rotating abrasive product to lateral single point load N FS3Three point side load Resistance of a rotating abrasive product to lateral three point load N BS EN 12413:2007+A1:2011EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 (E)10 4 List of significant h
46、azards Table 3 List of significant hazards Hazard designation Hazardous situation (Examples) Relevant clauses in this standard Ejection of parts 1. Wheel breakage caused by improper design 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and Annex C manufacturing defects 5.1 wrong selection 5.5, 7 and Annex A improper handling and st
47、orage 7 improper use (mounting and grinding process) 5.6, 7 and Annex A 2. Grinding debris 7 Vibration Hand arm vibration on hand-held machines caused by manufacturing defects 5.3 and 5.4 improper use 7 incorrect mounting 7 5 Requirements 5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 General Abrasive products shal
48、l be designed and manufactured in such a way that they resist the forces and loads that are to be expected when used as intended. They shall not present visible faults and shall comply with the requirements listed in the following clauses. 5.1.2 Maximum operating speeds Abrasive products shall be ma
49、nufactured for maximum operating speeds according to the following range: 125 mm 50 3,0 1,73 50 125 mm 100 3,5 1,87 All types D 125 mm 80 3,0 1,73 80 3,5 1,87 aOnly manually guided cutting-off. 5.2.2 Safety factors for mounted wheels and points Mounted wheels and points shall have a safety factor against bursting due to centrifugal forces of Sbr= 3 at their maximum operating speed. The spind
