1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 Method for the simulation of wear and corrosion for the detection of nickel release from coated itemsICS 39.060g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g4
2、0g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12472:2005+A1:2009. It supersedes BS EN 12472:2005 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indic
3、ating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/53, Specification and test methods for jewellery/horology.A list of organizations represe
4、nted on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 12472:2
5、005+A1:2009This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committeeon 25 January 2006 BSI 2010Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 March 2010 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009ISBN 978 0 580 64398 9EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EURO
6、PENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12472:2005+A1 June 2009 ICS 39.060 Supersedes EN 12472:2005English Version Method for the simulation of wear and corrosion for the detection of nickel release from coated items Mthode de simulation de lusure et de la corrosion pour la dtermination du nickel libr par les obje
7、ts revtus Simulierte Abrieb- und Korrosionsprfung zum Nachweis der Nickelabgabe von mit Auflagen versehenen Gegenstnden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 21 May 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Interna
8、l Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member
9、. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members
10、 are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swi
11、tzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No
12、. EN 12472:2005+A1:2009: EEN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Principle 5 4 Reagents and materials 5 4.1 Corrosion 5 4.2 Wear 6 5 Procedure . 8 5.1 Sample preparation . 8 5.2 Corrosion procedure . 8 5.3 Wear procedure 8 5.4 Deter
13、mination of nickel release 9 6 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Detailed examples of how to attach different types of items . 10 A.1 General 10 A.2 Attachment of items with only one side in contact with the skin . 10 A.3 Spectacle frames . 10 A.4 Chains, watches, bracelets, rings etc. . 12 Biblio
14、graphy 14 BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12472:2005+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 347 “Methods for analysis of allergens”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national
15、 standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-05-21. This European Standard supersedes !EN 1247
16、2:2005.“ The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !“. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, t
17、he national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, N
18、orway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 4 Introduction The wear of objects in contact with the skin depends very much on the type and shape of the objects and the activities of the person c
19、oncerned. This procedure attempts to simulate the wear and corrosion on a coated article during two years of normal use. By its nature this is a pragmatic solution to the problems posed by the evaluation of coated items in contact with the skin, which may be subject to several kinds and varying degr
20、ees of wear. In order to show compliance with Directive 94/27/EC, items should be tested in accordance with the appropriate European harmonised standard(s), the references of which have been published by the European Commission in the Official Journal of the European Communities. Currently, these ar
21、e EN 1810, EN 1811 and this European Standard. BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for accelerated wear and corrosion, to be used prior to the detection of nickel release from coated items that come into direct and prolonged contact w
22、ith the skin. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN
23、1811, Reference test method for release of nickel from products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin 3 Principle The items to be tested are exposed to a corrosive atmosphere before being placed into a tumbling barrel together with a wear medium of abrasive paste and granu
24、les. The barrel is rotated so as to subject the test pieces to wear from the wear medium. The items are then tested for nickel release in accordance with EN 1811. 4 Reagents and materials Except where indicated, all reagents and materials that can come into contact with samples or reagents shall be
25、demonstrably free of nickel, and all reagents shall be of recognized analytical grade or better. 4.1 Corrosion 4.1.1 Container Container with a lid and a device for suspending the test pieces, all parts made of inert material (e.g. glass or plastic). BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E)
26、 6 4.1.2 Corrosive medium Dissolve 50 g DL-lactic acid, 85 % purity, and 100 g sodium chloride in 1 000 ml de-ionized water. 4.1.3 Degreasing solution An appropriately diluted, neutral, commercially available detergent shall be used, for example, a 0,5 % aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sul
27、fonate. 4.1.4 De-ionized water De-ionized water, specific conductivity maximum 1 S/cm. 4.1.5 Laboratory oven Laboratory oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (50 2) C. 4.2 Wear 4.2.1 Tumbling barrel and retaining assembly The tumbling barrel and retaining assembly shall be in accordance with
28、 the following description: barrel of hexagonal cross-section and internal diameter of 19 cm perpendicular distance between opposite sides designed to rotate around its axis which is orientated horizontally (see Figure 1); retaining assembly, suitable for attaching the test items so that they do not
29、 come into contact with each other during tumbling; retaining assembly, with items attached, shall be inserted into the barrel for tumbling. NOTE Examples are given in Annex A of retaining assemblies suitable for attaching typical items. BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 7 Dimensions
30、 in millimetres Key l length of barrel axis, as required a axis of rotation Figure 1 View of tumbling barrel 4.2.2 Wear test apparatus A device capable of imparting to the barrel (4.2.1) a constant (30 2) rotations per minute. The device shall be capable of allowing the direction of rotation to be r
31、eversed. NOTE Information on sourcing suitable equipment is available from the CEN Management Centre. 4.2.3 Abrasive paste Abrasive paste produced for dry-tumbling barrels. The abrasive paste shall comprise: 6 % to 8 % Ester wax of montanic acids-Wax E CAS No. 73138-45-1; 3 % Octadecanoic acid (stea
32、ric acid) CAS No. 57-11-4; 30 % to 35 % Petroleum distillates, hydrotreated light paraffinic CAS No. 64742-55-8; 2 % Polyethylene glycol cetyl/oleyl ether CAS No. 68920-66-1) or Triethanolamine CAS No. 102-71-6; 48 % Silicon dioxide (quartz) 200 m mesh size CAS No. 14808-60-7; 6 % to 9 % De-ionized
33、water. NOTE Information on sourcing a suitable paste is available from the CEN Management Centre. BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 8 4.2.4 Granules This material shall have the following composition: outer shells of coconuts, walnuts, peanuts and almonds, mixed in a ratio 1:1:1:1 by
34、 weight, ground and sieved to give a mixture of particles having dimensions between 0,8 mm and 1,3 mm. NOTE Information on sourcing suitable granules is available from the CEN Management Centre. 4.2.5 Wear medium The medium is composed of abrasive paste (4.2.3) and granules (4.2.4) which are mixed a
35、s indicated in 5.3.1. 5 Procedure 5.1 Sample preparation Before being subjected to the corrosion (5.2) and wear (5.3) procedures, different parts of some items may need to be separated from each other. NOTE 1 Parts of items which are not intended to come into prolonged contact with the skin may be r
36、emoved before being subjected to corrosion and/or wear. Gently swirl the sample(s) for 2 min in a degreasing solution (4.1.3) at room temperature. Rinse thoroughly with de-ionized water (4.1.4) and gently dry with absorbent paper. After degreasing, samples should be handled with plastic forceps or c
37、lean protective gloves. NOTE 2 This cleaning stage is intended to remove extraneous grease and skin secretions due to handling, but not any protective coatings. 5.2 Corrosion procedure If applicable, the items to be tested shall first be opened to reveal critical surfaces. The items are suspended a
38、few centimetres above the corrosive medium (4.1.2) in a closed container (4.1.1) and placed in the laboratory oven (4.1.5) for 2 h at 50 C. Remove the container from the oven and carefully open it under a fume hood. Rinse the items with de-ionized water (4.1.4). Place on absorbent paper and allow to
39、 dry at room temperature for about 1 h, then perform the wear procedure (5.3) without delay. NOTE This stage is intended to affect metallic coatings, as well as lacquers and plastic coatings. 5.3 Wear procedure 5.3.1 Preparation of wear medium !Weigh a sufficient quantity of granules in order to fil
40、l the tumbling barrel to half its depth. Take 7,5 g of abrasive paste for every kg of the total amount of granules. Using appropriate personal protective equipment and protective gloves, add the abrasive paste to about 10% of the weighed granules and thoroughly homogenize by hand until there is no a
41、brasive paste visible. Add the remaining weighed granules, and continue to homogenize the complete mixture by rotating it in the tumbling barrel for 5 h. If the wear medium has not been used within 1 week, re-homogenise by rotating it in the barrel for 1 h.“ NOTE This procedure coats the granules wi
42、th the abrasive paste, forming the wear medium that is used to simulate wear. Keep the wear medium in a closed container until use and between uses. BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 9 !After 2 wear procedures, add 7,5 g more abrasive paste for every kg of granules. Re-homogenise the
43、 wear medium by hand, using protective gloves, until there is no abrasive paste visible and rotate it in the barrel for a further 5 h.“ After a total of 4 wear procedures, discard the wear medium and prepare fresh material. 5.3.2 Attachment of test items Items shall be attached inside the retaining
44、assembly so that they cannot come into contact with each other, or collide with the barrel walls or other parts that could cause damage during tumbling. NOTE Annex A gives examples of how typical items are attached. 5.3.3 Tumbling Place the retaining assembly with the mounted items into the empty tu
45、mbling barrel, then fill the barrel to half its depth with the wear medium (4.2.5). Close the tumbling barrel and place it horizontally on the rotating system (4.2.2). Rotate the tumbling barrel at a speed of (30 2) rotations per minute for a total of 5 h 5 min. The direction of the rotation shall b
46、e reversed after 2,5 h 5 min. NOTE It is permissible to leave the items in the barrel overnight. 5.4 Determination of nickel release Remove the retaining assembly from the barrel and detach the items. Gently wipe off any remaining wear medium using a soft cloth or paper tissues. Check the items for
47、unexpected damage, e.g. stone(s) missing from broach. If necessary and justified, rectify damage or exclude item(s) from further testing. Test the items for nickel release in accordance with EN 1811. NOTE If only indicative information on the extent of nickel release is required, such information ca
48、n be obtained by performing one of the tests specified in CR 12471. 6 Test report In addition to the information required by EN 1811, the test report shall contain the following particulars: a) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 12472:2005; b) if appropriate, a description of removed or op
49、ened parts and method of mounting; c) details of any deviations from this standard method, if relevant; d) any unusual feature(s) observed during the test. BS EN 12472:2005+A1:2009EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 10 Annex A (informative) Detailed examples of how to attach different types of items A.1 General A retaining assembly is used to mount the test items. This is inserted into the hexagonal drum. Materials which have been found suitable for fixing test items in the retaining assembly are silicone rubber sheet, silicone rubber stra
