1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12697-7:2014Bituminous mixtures Testmethods for hot mix asphaltPart 7: Determination of bulk density ofbituminous specimens by gamma raysBS EN 12697-7:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-7:2014.It supersedes
2、BS EN 12697-7:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/510/1, Asphalt products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryp
3、rovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84019 7ICS 93.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publis
4、hed under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12697-7:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12697-7 May 2014 ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-7:2002English Version Bituminous mixture
5、s - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays Mlanges bitumineux - Mthodes dessai pour mlange hydrocarbon chaud - Partie 7: Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente des prouvettes bitumineuses par les rayons gamma Asphalt - Prf
6、verfahren fr Heiasphalt - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Raumdichte von Asphalt-Probekrpern mit Gamma-Strahlen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 April 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standar
7、d the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
8、French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulga
9、ria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tur
10、key and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
11、Ref. No. EN 12697-7:2014 EBS EN 12697-7:2014EN 12697-7:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Principle 8 5 Apparatus .9 6 Preparation of specimens .9 7 Procedure .9 7.1 Prior adjustments 9 7.2 Choice of beam diameter . 10
12、7.3 Measurement procedure 10 7.3.1 Measurement mode 10 7.3.2 Continuous measurements . 10 7.3.3 Localized or point measurements . 11 8 Expression of results . 11 9 Test report . 12 10 Precision 13 BS EN 12697-7:2014EN 12697-7:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12697-7:2014) has been prepared by T
13、echnical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be
14、withdrawn at the latest by November 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12697-7:2002. Th
15、e following is a list of significant technical changes since the previous edition: changed the consistency of the calibration coefficient k from “0,001” by “0,005”; corrected Formulae (4) and (5). This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below. EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures
16、 Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 1: Soluble binder content EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary Evaporator EN 12697-
17、4, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 4: Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 5: Determination of the maximum density EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination
18、of bulk density of bituminous specimens EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bitum
19、inous specimens EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 10: Compactability EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregates and bitumen EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix
20、asphalt Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 13: Temperature measurement BS EN 12697-7:2014EN 12697-7:2014 (E) 4 EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 14: Water
21、content EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part
22、17: Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 18: Binder drainage EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 19: Permeability of specimen EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphal
23、t Part 20: Indentation using cube or cylindrical specimens (CY) EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 21: Indentation using plate specimens EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 22: Wheel tracking EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures Test
24、 methods for hot mix asphalt Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 24: Resistance to fatigue EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 25: Cyclic compression
25、test EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 26: Stiffness EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder conte
26、nt, water content and grading EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of a bituminous specimen EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 30: Specimen preparation by impact compactor EN 12697-31, Bituminou
27、s mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix a
28、sphalt Part 33: Specimen preparation slab compactor EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 34: Marshall test EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 35: Laboratory mixing EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt
29、Part 36: Determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement BS EN 12697-7:2014EN 12697-7:2014 (E) 5 EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures Test methods
30、for hot mix asphalt Part 38: Common equipment and calibration EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 39: Binder content by ignition EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 40: In situ drainability EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures Test me
31、thods for hot mix asphalt Part 41: Resistance to de-icing fluids EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 42: Amount of foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 43: Resistance to fuel EN 12697-44, Bitumin
32、ous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 44: Crack propagation by semi-circular bending test EN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 45: Saturation ageing tensile stiffness (SATS) conditioning test EN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asp
33、halt Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 47: Determination of the ash content of natural asphalts prEN 12697-48, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 48: Interlayer Bond
34、ing (Torque bond test - TBT, Shear bond test - SBT, Tensile Adhesion Test (TAT)1)prEN 12697-49, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 49: Determination of friction after polishing1)prCEN/TS 12697-50, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 50: Scuffing resistanc
35、e of surface course1) According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of
36、Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. 1) In preparation BS EN 12697-7:2014EN 12697-7:2014 (E) 6 Introdu
37、ction Bulk density measurement in the laboratory using gamma rays is a method which does not affect the properties of the material. It can be included in a series of tests carried out on a given sample. It allows the plotting of a density chart or gradient. BS EN 12697-7:2014EN 12697-7:2014 (E) 7 1
38、Scope This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the bulk density of pavement mixtures using a transmission-type gamma radiation test bench. The applicability of this European Standard is described in the product standards for bituminous mixtures. The safety regulations applicable to th
39、e use of gamma rays should be applied. This European Standard applies to cylindrical specimens or blocks, prepared in a laboratory or cut from a pavement, the thickness and the mass absorption coefficient which is a function of the chemical composition are known. The thickness of the specimen body t
40、raversed by the radiation shall be between 30 mm and 300 mm. The method cannot be applied to materials containing slags, with variable metal content or chemical composition which may affect the absorption of gamma rays. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normati
41、vely referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix aspha
42、lt - Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 precision closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions Note 1 to entry: Precisi
43、on depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value or the specified value. Note 2 to entry: The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard deviation of the test results. Less precision is indicated by a larger
44、standard deviation. Note 3 to entry: “Independent test results” means results obtained in a manner not influenced by any previous result on the same or similar test sample. Quantitative measures of precision depend critically on the stipulated conditions. Repeatability and reproducibility conditions
45、 are particular sets of extreme conditions. 3.2 repeatability precision under repeatability conditions 3.3 repeatability conditions conditions where independent tests results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipmen
46、t within short intervals of time 3.4 reproducibility precision under reproducibility conditions BS EN 12697-7:2014EN 12697-7:2014 (E) 8 3.5 reproducibility conditions conditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in different laboratories with different oper
47、ators using different equipment 4 Principle The method is based upon the absorption of gamma radiation by the material. Under the conditions of the test described in this European Standard and for materials such as bituminous mixtures, the method follows an exponential law of the following formula:
48、( )dkCCboexp = (1) where C is the count rate after going through the mixture (ratio of N to count time) in counts per second; N is the number of gamma photons of the incident radiation directly transmitted after having gone through the mixture; Cois the count rate in the air; k is the calibration co
49、efficient; is the mass absorption coefficient (depending on composition of the mixture); bis the bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3); d is the thickness of the mixture traversed by the radiation, in millimetre (mm). The bulk density of the material is given by the formula: =CCdkobln1 (2) where bis the bulk density, in megagrams per cu
