1、BRITISH STANDARD Execution of special geotechnical works - Jet grouting The European Standard EN 12716:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICs 93.020 BS EN 12716:ZOOl NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 12716:2001 Amd. No. National foreword Date Comment
2、s This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12716:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/526/4, Strengthened reinforced soils and other fills, which has the responsibility to: - - aid enquire
3、rs to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. - A list of organizations represented on t
4、his subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Inde
5、x”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself co
6、nfer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2001 O BSI 07-2001 Summary of pages This d
7、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 35 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication ISBN O 580 36978 1 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12716 NORME EUROPENNE
8、O EUROPISCHE NORM May 2001 ICs 93.020 English version Execution of special geotechnical works - Jet grouting Excution des travaux gotechniques spciaux - Colonnes, panneaux et structures de sol-ciment raliss par jet Ausfhrung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Dsenstrahlverfahr
9、en (Hochdruckinjektion, Hochdruckbodenvermrtelung, Jetting) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard withou
10、t any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made
11、by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ire
12、land, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels 0 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation i
13、n any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1271 62001 E Page 2 EN 1271 6:2001 Contents page Foreword 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 Scope 4 Normative references 4 Terms and d
14、efinitions 4 Specific needs 11 Geotechnical investigation . 12 Design considerations 14 General 14 Materials 13 Geometry 17 Strength and Deformation Characteristics . 17 Permeability 17 Execution 18 Equipment . 19 Jet grouting 21 Spoil Return 21 Supervision, testing and monitoring . 21 General 21 Ge
15、neral 18 Preliminary works 20 Drilling . 20 Placing the reinforcement . 21 Preliminary tests 22 Supervision and process testing . 22 Execution documents 24 Testing on the constructed elements 23 Monitoring . 24 Documents available on site . 24 Documents to be produced on site 25 Special requirements
16、 . 25 Compliance with national standards . 25 Site safety . 25 Protection of the environment 26 Annex A (normative) Additional design requirements 27 Annex B (informative) Ranges of jet grouting parameters 28 Annex C (informative) Indirect tests 29 Annex D (informative) Examples of site records of j
17、et grouting works . 30 Annex E (informative) Degree of obligation of the provisions . 33 Bibliography 35 a Page 3 EN 1271 6:2001 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 288, “Execution of special geotechnical works“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
18、 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2001. Annex A is normative, and the annexes B, C, D
19、and E are informative. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Ne
20、therlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. a 1_ Y Page 4 EN 1271 6:2001 1 Scope This Standard is applicable to the execution, testing and monitoring of jet grouting works. Design considerations, strictly related to jet grouting works only, are given in clause 7.
21、More general requirements that could be included in, or substituted by clauses of future editions of Eurocode 7 are listed in Annex A. NOTE The jet grouting processes should be distinguished from the grouting processes covered by EN 12715. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates b
22、y dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Stan
23、dard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). ENV 197-1 :1992, Cement - Composition, specifications and conformity criteria - Part 1: Common cements prEN 1008:1997, Mixing water for
24、 concrete - Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including wash water from recycling installations in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete ENV 1992-1 -1 :1991, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1: General rules and rules for buildi
25、ngs ENV 1997-1 :1994, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 jet grouting the jet grouting process consists of the disaggregation of the soil or weak rock and its mixin
26、g with, and partial replacement by, a cementing agent; the disaggregation is achieved by means of a high energy jet of a fluid which can be the cementing agent itself 3.2 jet grouted element a volume of soil treated through a single borehole. The most common elements are : - jet grouted column : a c
27、ylindrical jet grouted element (Fig.1 a) ; - jet grouted panel : a planar jet grouted element (Fig.1 b). 3.3 jet grouted structure an assembly of jet grouted elements which are partially or fully interlocked. The most common structures formed are : - jet grouted diaphragm : a wall structure (Fig.2 a
28、) ; - jet grouted slab : a horizontal structure formed by essentially vertical jet grouting (Fig.2 b) ; - jet grouted canopy : a structure formed by horizontal jet grouting - see 3.8 below (Fig.2 c) ; - jet grouted block : a three-dimensional structure. Page 5 EN 1271 6:2001 zi:gie system the jet gr
29、outing process in which the disaggregation and cementation of soil are achieved by a high energy jet of a single fluid, usally a cement grout (Fig.3 a) 3.5 double (air) system the jet grouting process in which the disaggregation and the cementation of soil are achieved by one high energy fluid (usua
30、lly a cement grout) assisted by an air jet shroud as a second fluid (Fig.3 b) 3.6 double (water) system the jet grouting process in which the disaggregation of the soil is achieved by a high energy water jet and its cementing is simultaneously obtained by a separate grout jet (Fig.3 c) 3.7 triple sy
31、stem the jet grouting process in which the disaggregation of the soil is achieved by a high energy water jet assisted by an air jet shroud, and its cementing is simultaneously obtained by a separate grout jet (Fig.3 d) NOTE In special cases the water can be substituted for other appropriate liquids
32、or suspensions. 3.8 horizontal jet grouting treatment performed from a horizontal or sub-horizontal borehole (within f 20“ from the horizontal plane) 3.9 jet grouting rig rotary rig able to automatically regulate the rotation and translation of the jet grouting string and tool 3.1 O jointed rods, wi
33、th simple, double or triple inner conduit, which convey the jet grouting fluid(s) to the monitor jet grouting string 3.1 1 monitor the tool mounted at the end of the jet grouting string, to enable jetting of the fluids into the ground 3.12 nozzle O a specially manufactured device fitted into the mon
34、itor and designed to transform the high pressure fluid flow in the string into-the high speed jet directed at the soil 3.13 radius of influence effective distance of disaggregation of soil by the jet, measured from the axis of the monitor 3.14 spoil return the surplus mixture of soil particles and i
35、ntroduced fluids arising from the jet grouting process, and normally flowing to the ground surface via the annulus of the jetting borehole 3.1 5 jet grouting parameters the jet grouting parameters are defined : - pressure of the fluid(s) within the jet grouting string ; - flow rate of the fluid(s) w
36、ithin the jet grouting string ; O - - grout composition ; - rotation speed of the jet grouting string ; Page 6 EN 1271 6:2001 - rate of withdrawal or insertion of the jet grouting string. 3.16 prejetting the method in which the jet grouting of an element is facilitated by a preliminary disaggregatio
37、n phase, with a jet of water and/or other fluids NOTE Prejetting is also widely known as prewashing or precutting. 3.17 fresh-in-fresh sequence the sequence of work in which the jet grouted elements are constructed successively without waiting for the grout to harden in the overlapping elements (Fig
38、.4 a) 3.18 primary-secondary sequence the sequence of work in which the execution of an overlapping element cannot commence before a specified hardening time or achievement of predetermined strength of the adjacent elements previously constructed (Fig.4 b) 3.19 jet grouted material the material whic
39、h constitutes the body of a jet grouted element 3.20 reinforced jet grouting jet grouted columns reinforced by steel or other high strength material Page 7 EN 1271 6:2001 I, II II II I II II Il U e Figure 1 a) -Jet grouted column Figure 1 b) - Jet grouted panel Figure 1 - Examples of jet grouted ele
40、ments Figure 2 a) - Jet grouted diaphragms Page 8 EN 1271 6:2001 t . 1 0 -/- -A- Ls- I - c Figure 2 b) - Jet grouted slab Figure 2 c) - Jet grouted canopy Figure 2 - Examples of jet grouted structures 1 Key 1 Monitor Figure 3 a) - Single system Page 9 EN 1271 6:2001 _- Key 1 Monitor Figure 3 b) - Do
41、uble (air) system .- Key 1 Monitor Figure 3 c) - Double (water) system Page 10 EN 1271 6:2001 Key 1 Monitor ?- .- I Figure 3 ci) - Triple system Figure 3 - Schemes of jet grouting systems 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 _) Figure 4 a) - Fresh in fresh sequence P S P S P S P Figure 4 b) - Primary - secondary sequence
42、Figure 4 - Work sequences Page 11 EN 1271 6:2001 0 4 Specific needs 4.1 The following information shall be determined prior to design or execution activities : - detailed description of the ground profile and its geotechnical properties within the intended extent of treatment ; and, as appropriate :
43、 - hydrogeological conditions ; - boundary conditions (adjacent structures, buried structures and services, overhead power lines and other working restrictions, access) ; - environmental requirements; in particular disposal of spoil return ; - acceptable deformation of the structures to be underpinn
44、ed or of adjacent structures. 4.2 Design assumptions according to ENV 1997-1 -1 :1994 - clause 2 shall be verified, and modified if necessary, Due to the nature of jet grouting works, the client, the main contractor, a specialist contractor or a consulting O according to information obtained during
45、the execution phase. 4.3 engineer, may perform all or parts of the design. 4.4 shall be legibly specified in the contract documents. The allocation of design, execution and supervision activities and responsibilities of all the parties involved 4.5 not necessarily represent a time sequence. Design a
46、nd execution should include, as appropriate, the activities listed in table 1. The order shown does Page 12 EN 12716:2001 No 1 2 3 4 5 Activity Provision of site investigation data for execution of jet grouting works. Decision to use jet grouting, preliminary trials and testing if required ; provisi
47、on of a specification. Acquisition of all legal authorization necessary for the execution from authorities and third parties. Overall design of jet grouted structure and definition of the geotechnical category. Consideration of the relevant temporary phases of execution. 6 I Assessment of the site i
48、nvestigation data with respect to design assumptions. 7 8 9 10 Assessment of the construction feasibility of the design. Execution of trials if required and of any relevant tests. Evaluation of the results of the preliminary trials and tests. Selection of jet grouting system. r 11 TAssessment of the
49、 it grouting system and definition of the working procedures. 12 13 O Definition of the dimensions, location and orientation of jet grouted elements. Instructions regarding the working sequence if required. I 14 1-Definition of the working sequence. 16 17 18 19 20 21 I 15 rlnstruction to all parties involved of key items in the design criteria to which special attention should be directed. I Specification for monitoring the effects of jet grouting works on adjacent structures (type and accuracy of instruments, frequency of measurement) and for interpretin
