1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1274:2004 Thermal spraying Powders Composition, technical supply conditions The European Standard EN 1274:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.220.20; 77.160 BS EN 1274:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strateg
2、y Committee on 24 June 2005 BSI 24 June 2005 ISBN 0 580 46162 9 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1274:2004. It supersedes BS EN 1274:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/40, The
3、rmally sprayed inorganic finishes, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be fou
4、nd in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are resp
5、onsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep
6、the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indi
7、cates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1274 November 2004 ICS 25.220.20; 77.160 Supersedes EN 1274:1996 English version Thermal spraying - Powders - Composition, technical supply conditio
8、ns Projection thermique - Poudres - Composition, conditions techniques de livraison Thermisches Spritzen - Pulver - Zusammensetzung, technische Lieferbedingungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 September 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
9、 which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European
10、 Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national
11、 standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEA
12、N COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1274:2004: EEN 1274:2004 (E)
13、2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Properties and property determination of powders for thermal spraying.5 3.1 Sampling and sample splitting.5 3.2 Chemical composition 5 3.3 Particle size range .5 3.4 Manufacturing process particle shape.6 3.5 Apparent den
14、sity6 3.6 Flowability 6 3.7 Microstructure7 3.8 Determination and composition of phases.7 3.9 Summary.7 4 Classification of powders .7 4.1 General7 4.2 Pure metals.8 4.3 Metal alloys and composite material .9 4.3.1 Self-fluxing alloys 9 4.3.2 Nickel Chromium-iron alloys.11 4.3.3 MCrAIY-alloys.12 4.3
15、.4 Nickel-aluminium-iron alloys and composites .13 4.3.5 High alloyed steels 13 4.3.6 Cobalt-chromium alloys14 4.3.7 Copper-aluminium alloys and composites, copper-tin- and copper-nickel alloys .15 4.3.8 Aluminium alloys .15 4.3.9 Nickel-graphite composites15 4.4 Carbides, carbides with metal, carbi
16、des with metallic alloys and composites 16 4.5 Oxides .17 4.6 Organic materials.17 5 Powder identification 17 6 Conditions of supply .18 7 Certificate .18 Annex A (informative) Powder shape and morphologies.19EN 1274:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1274:2004) has been prepared by Technical Com
17、mittee CEN/TC 240 “Thermal spraying and thermally sprayed coatings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national sta
18、ndards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2005. This document supersedes EN 1274:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den
19、mark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1274:2004 (E) 4 Introduction The document has been aimed to designate
20、the most important thermal spray-coating powders on the basis of their composition, their manufacturing process and their particle size distribution. The majority of commercially available powders is covered by and can be characterised and specified according to this document. The document is meant
21、to simplify understanding of the great product variety on the market for the manufacturer and user, and nevertheless offer a vast choice. Due to the number of the spray powders referred to in this document, in some cases abbreviations are used. Exception is granted to details on the properties of sp
22、rayed coatings. Such properties resulting from spraying conditions not covered by this document, e.g. gas composition, deposition efficiency, material flow rate, stand off distance, etc., can differ greatly from the properties of the original powder. Applications of powders for thermal spraying have
23、 been explicitly described in the relevant literature; therefore, a separate outline in this place is not necessary. EN 1274:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document covers powders, which are currently applicable in thermal spraying on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. This document speci
24、fies the composition and technical supply conditions of powders for thermal spraying. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
25、the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10204, Metallic products Types of inspection documents. EN 23923-2, Metallic powders Determination of apparent density Part 2: Scott volumeter method (ISO 3923-2:1981). EN 23954, Powders for powder metallurgical purposes Sampling (ISO 39
26、54:1977). EN ISO 4490, Metallic powders Determination of flow time by means of a calibrated funnel (Hall flowmeter) (ISO 4490:2001). ISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings. 3 Properties and property determination of powders for
27、 thermal spraying 3.1 Sampling and sample splitting Sampling and sample splitting is to be done from a homogeneous mixture uniform in particle size. Directions for adequate methods and equipment shall be as included in EN 23954. 3.2 Chemical composition The chemical composition shall be defined by a
28、ny suitable testing procedure, e.g. wet chemical processes, atomic absorption spectrometry, flame emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescent analysis. 3.3 Particle size range Powders for thermal spraying always show a distribution of different particle sizes. This particle size distribution (PSD) has
29、an immense influence on the melting and the feedability the powder and thus, among other things, essential properties of the coating are assigned. The measuring of the PSD shall be made by standardised sieve analysis according to ISO 565 or better by optical measuring methods e.g. laser beam scatter
30、ing because of its high accuracy and reproducibility. Usually, the results of the different measuring procedures and also measuring devices do not coincide, even when identical powders are used. Therefore, when comparing particle size distributions or when alternating the particle size measuring pro
31、cedure a correlation of the measurement results is necessary. For this reason it is essential to always indicate the measuring procedure together with the measurement results. The minimum requirement in a powder according to this document is that it is permitted to exceed the upper limit of the PSD
32、up to the next but one standard screen size and to under run the PSD lower limit by a maximum of 10 mass %. It should be noted, that the data for upper and lower limit depend on the chosen measuring procedure and when evaluating powders for HVOF (high velocity oxygen fuel-flame spraying) EN 1274:200
33、4 (E) 6 special attention should be paid to fine particles (dust) because of their effect on the feeding and melting properties of the powder. Further these fine dust particle can clog the spray nozzle and so stop the whole coating process. For powders, which e.g. are used in the coating of turbine
34、components, there are other restrictions on these tolerances, e.g. to 5 %, as well as the specification of particle size ranges with corresponding tolerance ranges between upper and lower limit. This, however, often leads to increased manufacturing costs of powder. These additional requirements in t
35、he measuring and the description of the measured values exceed the minimum requirements of this document and have to be stipulated between the powder supplier and the user in the technical delivery conditions (see Figure 1). Key x Particle size in m y Mass in % Figure 1 Typical size distribution 63/
36、16 m 3.4 Manufacturing process particle shape The manufacturing process of powder shall be indicated. Using a term such as, for instance, fusing, sintering, agglomeration atomisation. The particle shape and its surface can be illustrated by means of scanning electron or stereo microscopy. In order t
37、o check for similarity the images can be compared to reference samples provided by the manufacturer. Example Figures are included in Annex A. 3.5 Apparent density Apparent powder density shall be determined as specified in EN 23923-2, and to be expressed as g/cm 3 . 3.6 Flowability The determination
38、 of the flowability of free flowing powders shall be effected according to EN ISO 4490 and expressed as s/50 g. As especially fine powders with a low specific weight are often not able to flow, it is not possible to determine the flowability in these cases. The results of the measurements of apparen
39、t density and flowability are determined by several properties of material and powder, as e.g. specific weight of the material, particle shape and structure of the powder particle EN 1274:2004 (E) 7 and size distribution. Corresponding measured values and tolerances are to be stipulated between the
40、supplier and the user if these characteristics of the powder shall be stated in the technical delivery conditions. 3.7 Microstructure The microstructure of a powder particle can be represented in a metallographically prepared cross-section. The preparation method is of decisive importance, and shoul
41、d, therefore, be agreed upon between manufacturer and user. 3.8 Determination and composition of phases Determination of phases as regards type, quantity, shape, configuration, composition and size, in polyphase powders can be made by. e.g. X-ray microstructure analysis, scanning electron microscope
42、 (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), metallographic or quantitative image analysis. 3.9 Summary Each powder for thermal spraying according to this standard shall be characterised at least by the chemical composition, particle size distribution and measuring procedure and manufacturing pro
43、cess of the powder. 4 Classification of powders 4.1 General The powders for thermal spraying are categorised on the basis of their chemical composition into: pure metals; metallic alloys and composites; carbides, carbides with metals, carbides with metallic alloys and composites; oxides; organic mat
44、erials. Blended powders of several varying components are not itemised because of their infinite possible number. All percentages given in mass %. EN 1274:2004 (E) 8 4.2 Pure metals Table 1 Pure metals Chemical composition in % Code No. Main constituent O max. C max. N max. H max. Al max. Co max. 1.
45、1 Ti 99 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 - - 1.2 Nb 99 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 - - 1.3 Ta 99 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 - - 1.4 Cr 98,5 0,8 0,1 0,1 - 0,5 - 1.5 Mo 99 0,3 0,15 0,1 - - - 1.6 W 99 0,3 0,15 0,1 - - 0,3 1.7 Ni 99,3 0,5 0,1 0,1 - - - 1.8 Cu 99 - - - - - - 1.9 Al 99 0,5 - - - - - 1.10 Si 99 - - - - - - 1.11 Sn 99,9 - - - - -
46、 - 1.12 Zn 99,5 - - - - - - EN 1274:2004 (E) 9 4.3 Metal alloys and composite material 4.3.1 Self-fluxing alloys Table 2 Self-fluxing alloys Chemical composition in % Code No. Match Code Hardness HRC C Ni Co Cr Cu W Mo Fe B Si 2.1 NiCuBSi 76 20 35 to 40 max. 0,05 Rem - - 19 to 21 - - max. 0,5 0,9 to
47、 1,3 1,8 to 2,0 2.2 NiBSi 96 15 to 30 max. 0,2 Rem - - - - - max. 2,0 1,0 to 4,0 2,0 to 5,0 2.3 NiCrBSi 90 4 30 to 35 0,1 to 0,2 Rem - 3 to 5 - - - max. 1,0 1,4 to 1,8 2,8 to 3,6 2.4 NiCrBSi 86 5 30 to 35 0,1 to 0,3 Rem - 4 to 6 - - - 3,0 to 5,0 0,8 to 1,2 2,8 to 3,2 2.5 NiCrBSi 88 5 30 to 35 0,1 to
48、 0,4 Rem - 3 to 6 - - - 1,0 to 2,0 1,0 to 2,2 3,0 to 4,2 2.6 NiCrBSi 83 10 35 to 40 0,1 to 0,3 Rem - 8 to 12 - - - 2,0 to 4,0 2,0 to 2,8 2,2 to 2,8 2.7 NiCrBSi 85 8 30 to 40 0,1 to 0,4 Rem - 6 to 10 - - - 1,0 to 3,5 1,4 to 2,5 2,6 to 4,0 2.8 NiCrBSi 80 11 40 to 50 0,3 to 0,6 Rem - 10 to 14 - - - 2,0
49、 to 4,0 2,0 to 2,8 3,0 to 4,0 2.9 NiCrBSi 74 15 55 to 60 0,7 to 1,0 Rem - 15 to 17 - - - 3,0 to 5,0 2,8 to 3,6 3,5 to 4,5 2.10 NiCrBSi 74 14 50 to 55 max. 0,05 Rem - 13 to 15 - - - 4,0 to 5,0 2,6 to 3,6 4,0 to 5,0 2.11 NiCrBSi 65 25 60 0,8 to 1,0 Rem - 24 to 26 - - - max. 1,0 3,0 to 3,8 4,0 to 4,6 2.12 NiCrBSi 82 7 60 max. 0,06 Rem - 6 to 9 - - - 2,5 to 3,5 2,5 to 3,5 4,0 to 4,6 2.13 NiCrWBSi 64 11 16 50 0,5 to 0,6 Rem - 10 to 12 - 15 to 17 - 3,0 to 4,0 2,2 to
