1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12920:2006+A1:2008 Characterization of waste Methodology for the determination of the leaching under specified behaviour of waste conditionsICS 13.030.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3
2、g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 12920:2006+A1:2008This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 20 March 2009ISBN 978 0 580 61267 1National forewordThis British Standard is
3、 the UK implementation of EN 12920:2006+A1:2008.It supersedes BS EN 12920:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeB/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/1, Waste containers andassociated lifting devices on refuse collection vehicles
4、.A list of organizations represented on this Subcommittee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fro
5、mlegal obligations.Amendments corrigenda issued since publication30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008Date CommentsThe start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in thetext by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CENamendment.
6、 For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by . EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12920:2006+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.030.01 Supersedes EN 12920:2006English Version Characterization of waste - Methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste un
7、der specified conditions Caractrisation des dchets - Mthodologie pour la dtermination du comportement la lixiviation dun dchet dans des conditions spcifies Charakterisierung von Abfall - Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung des Auslaugungsverhaltens von Abfall unter festgelegten Bedingungen This European S
8、tandard was approved by CEN on 6 February 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 30 July 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration
9、. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translati
10、on under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, G
11、reece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Manag
12、ement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12920:2006+A1:2008: EEN 12920:2006+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions .5 3
13、Description of the steps in the methodology .6 3.1 Outline.6 3.2 Step 1: Definition of the problem and the solution sought .7 3.3 Step 2: Description of the scenario .7 3.4 Step 3: Description of the waste 8 3.5 Step 4: Determination of the influence of parameters on leaching behaviour within the sp
14、ecified time frame 8 3.6 Step 5: Modelling of leaching behaviour within the specified time frame.9 3.7 Step 6: Behavioural Model Validation .9 3.7.1 General9 3.7.2 Verification of the consistency between parameter specific tests and simulation tests.9 3.7.3 Verification of predicted behaviour in the
15、 field 9 3.7.4 Identification of analogy with geological natural and/or ancient materials.10 3.8 Step 7: Conclusion 10 4 Study report10 Annex A (informative) Principle of the methodology 11 Bibliography 12 EN 12920:2006+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12920:2006+A1:2008) has been prepared b
16、y Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of Waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standard
17、s shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2007-07-30. This document supersedes !EN 12920:1997“. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal R
18、egulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, N
19、etherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12920:2006+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction The purpose of this standard is to provide a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions i.
20、e. in a disposal or recovery scenario within a specified time frame. The methodology is designed to ensure that waste specific properties and scenario conditions are taken into account. The methodology contains several steps, some of which make use of chemical, biological, physical and leaching test
21、s. A selection of tests is made depending on the objective, that is the definition of the problem and the solution sought, the waste under consideration and the scenario to be evaluated. It is recognised that based on the present state of knowledge it is not always possible to provide a clear soluti
22、on. Determination of leaching behaviour in the context of this methodology may provide information with relatively large uncertainties. To avoid unnecessary duplication of work, reference can be made to existing documented information on specific waste characteristics and on previous evaluations of
23、existing documented scenarios, provided that such reference is documented and justified in the study report for each step of the methodology to which it applies. EN 12920:2006+A1:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard specifies a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste under s
24、pecified conditions (i.e. for a specified scenario including a specified time frame) in order to provide a solution to a defined problem. This applies to disposal and recovery scenarios. NOTE 1 Recovery is the term defined in the European Waste Acts 1,3. It includes re-use and recycling. !The term “
25、waste“ includes all categories of waste, such as municipal waste, waste from extractive industry etc.“ The external conditions which have a direct influence on the release of constituents from waste are considered. Migration of constituents leached from the disposal or the recovery site into the sur
26、rounding environment is not considered. Also the assessment of toxicity to humans or ecological impacts on flora and fauna as a secondary effect after release of constituents from the waste is not considered. NOTE 2 Present knowledge of highly complex scenarios and wastes may limit the ability to pr
27、ovide a clear solution to a defined problem. An example may be the land filling of complex mixtures of wastes !or the prediction of the acid generation behaviour waste from the extractive industry“. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitio
28、ns apply. 2.1 scenario description of a set of normal and exceptional conditions relevant to a particular disposal or recovery situation for wastes for the determination of the leaching behaviour within a specified time frame NOTE Disposal is defined in European Directive 91/156/EEC of 18 March 1991
29、1. 2.2 release emission of constituents from waste which pass through the external surface of a waste mass as specified in the considered scenario 2.3 leaching behaviour of a waste release and change with time in release from the waste upon contact with a leachant under the conditions specified in t
30、he scenario, especially within the specified time frame NOTE Besides time, factors influencing the leaching behaviour may be liquid/solid ratio, pH, redox potential, complexation and particle size distribution. 2.4 parameter specific test test aimed at measuring an intrinsic property of waste or the
31、 (interrelated) influence of specific parameters on the release from waste in the considered scenario NOTE 1 Examples of intrinsic properties of waste are: diffusion coefficients, solubility, physical properties, etc. NOTE 2 Examples of specific parameters influencing the leaching behaviour are: tem
32、perature, pH, liquid/solid ratio, redox potential, the flow rate of leachant, chemical properties, etc. 2.5 simulation test test aimed at simulating the combined effect of various parameters on the release in the scenario under consideration EN 12920:2006+A1:2008 (E) 6 NOTE 1 A simulation test may b
33、e an accelerated test; care should to be taken in the use of acceleration tests for model validation purposes. NOTE 2 Examples of simulation tests are lysimeter tests and large-scale column tests. 2.6 behavioural model set of relationships between on the one hand the leaching behaviour and on the ot
34、her hand the relevant conditions of the considered scenario (especially the specified time frame) as well as the relevant properties of the waste under consideration NOTE The behavioural model can vary in sophistication depending on the definition of the problem and the solution sought. !2.7 acid ge
35、neration behaviour of a waste release and change with time in release of low pH drainage derived from materials with an insufficient capacity to neutralize the acidic products of sulfide and elemental sulfur oxidation and the dissolution products of acid producing minerals and amorphous materials NO
36、TE Such behaviour occurs when the neutralisation potential is no longer capable of maintaining neutral pH conditions in a measurable volume of drainage. In the context of mining, this is referred to as acid rock drainage (ARD) or acid mine drainage (AMD).“ 3 Description of the steps in the methodolo
37、gy 3.1 Outline The methodology consists of the following steps: a) definition of the problem and the solution sought; b) description of the scenario; c) description of the waste; d) determination of the influence of parameters on leaching behaviour; e) modelling of the leaching behaviour; f) behavio
38、ural model validation; g) conclusions; h) study report. These steps are to be carried out to determine the leaching behaviour of the waste in the considered scenario to provide the solution sought to the defined problem (see Annex A). NOTE To avoid unnecessary duplication of work, reference can be m
39、ade to existing documented information on specific waste characteristics and on previous evaluations of scenarios. In order to comply with this standard, reference to existing information shall be documented and justified in the study report for each step of the methodology to which it applies. EN 1
40、2920:2006+A1:2008 (E) 7 3.2 Step 1: Definition of the problem and the solution sought The first step, in all cases, consists of defining the problem and the solution sought. This requires information on: the scenario; the waste !or anticipated waste“. NOTE 1 Type(s) of waste may be referred to using
41、 the categorisation of the European Waste lists defined by the Commission decision 2000/532/EC of 3 May 2005 2. NOTE 2 Nature of the solution sought may be e.g.: forecast of a property of the waste after a specified time; e.g. release comparison of treatment options; data relating to regulatory requ
42、irements. !NOTE 3 In the case of waste from the extractive industry, predictions of anticipated or expected waste characteristics should be made from information gathered on the material obtained during exploration prior to actual excavation.“ 3.3 Step 2: Description of the scenario This step consis
43、ts of describing the normal and exceptional conditions which may influence properties (e.g. the release) of the waste under consideration in the considered disposal or recovery scenario. This especially includes the time frame relevant for the prediction of the waste behaviour. Consquently the scena
44、rio shall be described by providing relevant details from the following items: mechanical and geotechnical conditions; hydrogeological and climatic conditions; biological conditions !and mineral context“; conditions for the use of the site at different points in time; exceptional conditions. NOTE 1
45、Description of mechanical and geotechnical conditions can include the proposed preparation of the waste (including sorting, crushing, compaction etc.) or the dimensions of the disposal/recovery site, nature and thickness of layers above, below and around the waste, bulk density and expected lifetime
46、 of the containment system. !NOTE 2 Description of hydrogeological conditions can include: sources of leachant ingress, infiltration rate, details of leachant circulation and/or collection and removal, permeability of the surrounding materials and nature of the leachant. Climatic conditions can be p
47、recipitation, wind, exposure to the sun, to temperature variation and to the atmosphere possibly leading to carbonation, or abiotic oxidation.“ NOTE 3 Description of biological conditions can include flora, fauna and micro-organisms !, which can be active in degradation of organic matter, break down
48、 of organic contaminants or sulfate oxidation relevant for production of acid rock drainage (ARD). The mineral composition of the waste is very relevant in this context (see 3.3)“. NOTE 4 Description of the conditions of use of the site at different points in time can include demolition or construct
49、ion of buildings, !closure and rehabilitation“ of disposal sites. NOTE 5 Description of exceptional conditions can include rising of the ground water table, flooding, fires or earthquakes. EN 12920:2006+A1:2008 (E) 8 3.4 Step 3: Description of the waste In this step the present/initial properties of the waste to be considered are described and documented.1The properties listed shall be relevant to the type of waste and of disposal/recovery scenario. NOTE Relevant properties in this context may be the following: nature and origin of the waste;
