1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12952-3:2011Water-tube boilers andauxiliary installationsPart 3: Design and calculation for pressureparts of the boilerBS EN 12952-3:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordT
2、his British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12952-3:2011.It supersedes BS EN 12952-3:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PVE/2, Water Tube And Shell Boilers.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on
3、 request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 63553 3ICS 23.020.01; 27.040; 27.060.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot co
4、nfer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12952-3:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12952-3 December 20
5、11 ICS 27.040 Supersedes EN 12952-3:2001English Version Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations - Part 3: Design and calculation for pressure parts of the boiler Chaudires tubes deau et installations auxiliaires - Partie 3: Conception et calcul des parties sous pression de la chaudire Wasserr
6、ohrkessel und Anlagenkomponenten - Teil 3: Konstruktion und Berechnung fr drucktragende KesselteileThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standar
7、d the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
8、French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulga
9、ria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR
10、STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12952-3:2011: EBS EN 12952-3:2011EN 12952-3:201
11、1 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 41 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .64 Symbols and abbreviations 75 General 75.1 Purpose .75.2 Dimensions of pressure parts 75.3 Strength of pressure parts 85.4 Design by analysis.85.5 Cyclic loading .85.6 Other design requirements .95.7 Design,
12、calculation and test pressures 105.8 Metal wastage 125.9 Attachment on pressure parts . 136 Calculation temperature and nominal design stress 136.1 Calculation temperature . 136.2 Maximum through-the-wall temperature difference and maximum flue gas temperature for heated drums and headers 186.3 Desi
13、gn stress 187 Cylindrical shells of drums and headers under internal pressure 227.1 Shell thickness 227.2 Basic calculation. 237.3 Combined stress in drum or header shells 237.4 Boiler drum supports . 277.5 Other stresses in cylindrical shells 278 Openings and branches in cylindrical shells of drums
14、 and headers and integral tubes . 278.1 General . 278.2 Efficiency factor, calculation by way of approximation, and maximum diameter of unreinforced openings . 358.3 Design of openings and branches in cylindrical shells (efficiency and reinforcement) . 388.4 Bolted connections. 488.5 Screwed and soc
15、ket welded connections 559 Headers and plain tubes of rectangular section . 579.1 General . 579.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 599.3 Required wall thickness . 6010 Ends and spherical shells 6310.1 Symbols and abbreviations . 6310.2 Spherical shells and dished heads . 6310.3 Unstayed flat ends 7210.4
16、Flat unstayed closures . 7811 Tubes . 8011.1 Symbols and abbreviations . 8011.2 Thickness of straight boiler tubes 8011.3 Thickness of tube bends and elbows . 82BS EN 12952-3:2011EN 12952-3:2011 (E) 3 11.4 Flexibility of integral tubing systems 8411.5 Structural attachments to tubes 8411.6 Fitting a
17、nd joining of heated tubes 8911.7 Joining of unheated tubes 8912 Pressure parts of irregular shape 9012.1 Hydrostatic test for determining the allowable internal pressure 9012.2 Numerical methods . 9113 Fatigue 9213.1 General . 9213.2 Symbols and abbreviations 9313.3 Exemption rule for fatigue analy
18、sis . 9513.4 Stress analysis for fatigue calculation 10513.5 Example calculations 114Annex A (normative) Calculation of tube bends and elbows . 119Annex B (normative) Fatigue cracking Design to allow for fluctuating stress . 129Annex C (informative) Examples of calculating the effects of fatigue 145
19、Annex D (informative) Physical properties of steels . 152Annex E (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition . 162Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential safety requirements of the Pressure Equipment Direct
20、ive 97/23/EC 163Bibliography 165BS EN 12952-3:2011EN 12952-3:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12952-3:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 269 “Shell and water-tube boilers”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national
21、 standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
22、 CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12952-3:2001. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requireme
23、nts of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive 97/23/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Annex E provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. The European Standard series EN 12952 concerni
24、ng water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations consists of the following parts: Part 1: General; Part 2: Materials for pressure parts of boilers and accessories; Part 3: Design and calculation for pressure parts of the boiler; Part 4: In-service boiler life expectancy calculations; Part 5: Workma
25、nship and construction of pressure parts of the boiler; Part 6: Inspection during construction, documentation and marking of pressure parts of the boiler; Part 7: Requirements for equipment for the boiler; Part 8: Requirements for firing systems for liquid and gaseous fuels for the boiler; Part 9: R
26、equirements for firing systems for pulverized solid fuels for the boiler; Part 10: Requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure; Part 11: Requirements for limiting devices of the boiler and accessories; Part 12: Requirements for boiler feedwater and boiler water quality; Part 13: Requireme
27、nts for flue gas cleaning systems; BS EN 12952-3:2011EN 12952-3:2011 (E) 5 Part 14: Requirements for flue gas DENOX-systems using liquified pressurized ammonia and ammonia water solution; Part 15: Acceptance tests; Part 16: Requirements for grate and fluidized-bed firing systems for solid fuels for
28、the boiler; CR 12952 Part 17: Guideline for the involvement of an inspection body independent of the manufacturer. NOTE 1 A Part 18 on operating instructions is currently in preparation. Although these parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that the parts are inter-dependent. As s
29、uch, the design and manufacture of water-tube boilers requires the application of more than one part in order for the requirements of this European Standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled. NOTE 2 Part 4 and Part 15 are not applicable during the design, construction and installation stages. NOTE 3 A
30、“Boiler Helpdesk“ has been established in CEN/TC 269 which may be contacted for any questions regarding the application of European Standards series EN 12952 and EN 12953, see the following website: http:/www.boiler-helpdesk.din.de According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national stan
31、dards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
32、Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12952-3:2011EN 12952-3:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements for the design and calculation of water-tube boilers as defined in EN 12952-1. The purpose of this Europ
33、ean Standard is to ensure that the hazards associated with water-tube boilers are reduced to a minimum by the proper application of the design according to this part of EN 12952. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dat
34、ed references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1092-1:2007, Flanges and their joints Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated Part 1: Steel flanges EN 1759-
35、1:2004, Flanges and their joints Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, Class designated Part 1: Steel flanges NPS to 24 EN 10028-1:2007+A1:2009, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes Part 1: General requirements EN 10164:2004, Steel products with improved deforma
36、tion properties perpendicular to the surface of the product Technical delivery conditions EN 10266:2003, Steel tubes, fittings and structural hollow sections Symbols and definitions of terms for use in product standards EN 12952-1:2001, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations Part 1: General
37、EN 12952-2:2011, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations Part 2: Materials for pressure parts of boilers and accessories EN 12952-5:2011, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations Part 5: Workmanship and construction of pressure parts of the boiler EN 12952-6:2011, Water-tube boilers and
38、 auxiliary installations Part 6: Inspection during construction; documentation and marking of pressure parts of the boiler EN 12952-12:2003, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations Part 12: Requirements for boiler feedwater and boiler water quality EN 12953-3:2002, Shell boilers Part 3: Desig
39、n and calculation for pressure parts EN 13445-3:2009, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design EN 13480-3:2002, Metallic industrial piping Part 3: Design and calculation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12952-1:2001 apply. BS EN 12952-3:
40、2011EN 12952-3:2011 (E) 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in EN 12952-1:2001, Table 4-1 apply. Throughout this European Standard, additional terminology and symbols have been included where necessary to meet the requirements of the specific text conce
41、rned. 5 General 5.1 Purpose Water-tube boiler pressure parts shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard. The resulting designs shall be reproduced in the form of approved drawings and specifications to ensure the proper application of the design requirements duri
42、ng the manufacturing and inspection stages. 5.2 Dimensions of pressure parts The wall thickness and other dimensions of pressure parts sufficient to withstand the calculation pressure at calculation temperature for the design lifetime shall be determined in accordance with this European Standard usi
43、ng materials in accordance with EN 12952-2:2011. The design for loadings arising from the following situations shall also be determined in accordance with this European Standard: a) the bending of a drum or header as a beam under self weight and imposed loads; b) local support loads on drums; c) the
44、rmally induced forces and moments within or arising from systems of integral tubing; d) local loading of tubes by structural attachments; e) rapid and frequent changes of pressure and temperature. Methods for calculating stresses caused by external loads applied to nozzles and to attachments shall b
45、e in accordance with EN 13445-3:2009. NOTE The purpose of this part is to give specific design rules for common forms of loadings to which boiler parts are normally subjected to and general rules on how other loadings are to be considered. It does not give specific design rules for loadings other th
46、an those described in a) to e). These design rules are adequate for boilers of established construction, installed and operated in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Determination of the dimensions of pressure parts shall be given special consideration not included in this European Stan
47、dard, when abnormal conditions are present, such as: abnormally high corrosive products of combustion; highly pressurized products of combustion; poor feedwater. Deviations from the requirements of this European Standard by the use of alternative design methods shall be permitted, provided it can be
48、 shown that the adoption of such methods does not impair the safety of the component. A record of all deviations shall be recorded in the manufacturers dossier. See also EN 12952-1:2001, Clause 7. BS EN 12952-3:2011EN 12952-3:2011 (E) 8 5.3 Strength of pressure parts The strengths of the pressure parts shall be such as to withstand the following loads: a) internal pressure; b) the weight of all pressure parts and their contents, the weight of components suspended from them and any superimposed slag, fuel, ash or dust; c) loads caused by gas pressure different
