1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 131-2:2010LaddersPart 2: Requirements, testing, markingBS EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012BS EN 131-2:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementat
2、ion of EN 131-2:2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 131-2:1993 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/512, Ladders.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to incl
3、ude all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 68988 8ICS 97.145Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and
4、Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 131-2:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 131-2:2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 131-2:1993 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entru
5、sted to TechnicalCommittee B/512, Ladders.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580
6、68988 8ICS 97.145Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 131-2:2010 BRITISH STANDARD
7、National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 131-2:2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 131-2:1993 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/512, Ladders.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on reques
8、t to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 68988 8ICS 97.145Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard w
9、as published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012. It supersedes BS EN 131-2:2010, which i
10、s withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by . The British Standards Institution 2012. Published b
11、y BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 76021 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication30 June 2012 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 131-2:2010+A1 May 2012 ICS 97.145 Supersedes EN 131-2:2010English Version Ladders - Part 2: Require
12、ments, testing, marking chelles - Partie 2: Exigences, essais, marquage Leitern - Teil 2: Anforderungen, Prfung, Kennzeichnung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 May 2010 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 16 April 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int
13、ernal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to an
14、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official v
15、ersions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
16、 Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldw
17、ide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012: EEN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .64 Requirements .64.1 General 64.2 Materials .74.3 Design 124.4 Surface finish 124.5 Hinges (turning points) 134
18、.6 Opening restraints 134.7 Rungs/steps/platforms . 134.8 Platform . 154.9 Antiskid devices 154.10 Extending and sectional ladders . 155 Testing . 155.1 General . 155.2 Strength test of stiles . 165.3 Bending test of the stiles . 165.4 Lateral deflection test of the ladder 175.5 Bottom stile ends te
19、st 185.6 Vertical load on rungs, steps and platforms 195.7 Torsion test of rungs and steps 205.8 Test of opening restraints and hinges of standing ladders . 215.9 Test for ladder rung/step hooks of extending ladders and combination ladders . 225.10 Kick-up test of the platform of standing ladders .
20、235.11 Feet pull test 245.12 Test on hand-/kneerails 265.13 Maximum extension of ladder . 285.14 3-part combination ladder in A-position test . 285.15 Torsion on ladder length 285.16 Test methods for plastic ladders 306 Marking and user instructions 347 Certification . 34Annex A (normative) Test seq
21、uence 35Annex B (informative) A-deviations 37Bibliography . 40EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E)BS EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 93 “Ladders”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This Europe
22、an Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
23、ents of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes !EN 131-2:2010“. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2012-04-16. The start and finish of text introdu
24、ced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This standard is a revised version of EN 131-2:1993. Compared to the version EN 131-2:1993 the following modifications have been made: The specifications for plastics in 4.2.3, for wood in 4.2.4 and the test methods in Clause 5 have b
25、een completely revised. This European Standard is one of a series about ladders. The other standards of this series are listed in Clause 2 and in the Bibliography. On stability tests and ladder classes no consensus could be reached. These issues will be addressed in the next revision. According to t
26、he CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvi
27、a, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E)BS EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E) 4 Introduction Due to the unhomogeneity of the material wood, spe
28、cial requirements have been appropriated on this item. EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E)BS EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the general design features, requirements and test methods for portable ladders. It does not apply to step stools or ladders fo
29、r specific professional use such as firebrigade ladders, roof ladders and mobile ladders. It does not apply to ladders used for work on or near live electrical systems or installations. For this purpose EN 61478 applies. NOTE For insulating ladders for use on or near low voltage electrical installat
30、ions in the range below 1000 V a.c or 1 500 V d.c. EN 50528 is under preparation. This European Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 131-1. For single or multiple hinge joint ladders EN 131-4 applies. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for t
31、he application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 59, Glass reinforced plastics Measurement of hardness by means of a Barcol impressor EN 131-1:2007, Ladd
32、ers Part 1: Terms, types, functional sizes EN 131-3, Ladders Part 3: User Instructions EN 204, Classification of thermoplastic wood adhesives for non-structural applications EN 301, Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures Classification and performance requirements E
33、N 385, Finger jointed structural timber Performance requirements and minimum production requirements EN 386:2001, Glued laminated timber Performance requirements and minimum production requirements EN 391:2001, Glued laminated timber Delamination test of glue lines EN 392, Glued laminated timber She
34、ar test of glue lines EN 408, Timber structures Structural timber and glued laminated timber Determination of some physical and mechanical properties EN 844-9:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 1310, Round and sawn timber Method of measuremen
35、t of features EN 61478, Live working Ladders of insulating material (IEC 61478:2001) EN ISO 179-1, Plastics Determination of Charpy impact properties Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test (ISO 179-1:2000) EN ISO 527-1, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1
36、:1993 including Corr 1:1994) EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E)BS EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E) 6 EN ISO 527-2, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics (ISO 527-2:1993 including Corr 1:1994) EN ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements
37、for fusion welding of metallic materials Part 1: Criteria for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements (ISO 3834-1:2005) EN ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2:2005) EN ISO 3834-3, Qual
38、ity requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials Part 3: Standard quality requirements (ISO 3834-3:2005) EN ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials Part 4: Elementary quality requirements (ISO 3834-4:2005) EN ISO 4892-2:2006, Plastics Methods of exposure to
39、 laboratory light sources Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps (ISO 4892-2:2006) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009) EN ISO 14125, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites Determination of flexural properties (ISO 14125:1998) EN ISO 14731, Wel
40、ding coordination Tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731:2006) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 131-1:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 thermoset plastic plastic that has been cured by heat or by other means such as radiation, catalysts,
41、 etc., into a substantially infusible and insoluble state EN ISO 472:2001 3.2 composite material crosslinkable resin-based material with a continuous reinforcement fibre as filler (e.g. fibreglass) 3.3 thermoplastic material plastic material other than thermoset plastic or composite with or without
42、filler and with or without rein-forcement 3.4 maximal total load maximum weight that the ladder is designed to support when set up in accordance with the manufacturers instruction 4 Requirements 4.1 General The requirements are based upon a maximum total load of 150 kg. EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E)BS E
43、N 131-2:2010+A1:2012EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E) 7 Ladders are determined to be used by one person at a time but this excludes any person footing (stabilising) the ladder. 4.2 Materials 4.2.1 Aluminium alloy All load bearing parts made of aluminium alloy shall have an elongation A5at rupture measured a
44、ccording to EN ISO 6892-1 of minimum 5 %. All load bearing parts made of aluminium alloy shall have a thickness of at least 1,2 mm. 4.2.2 Steel If cold rolled steel or a special alloy-steel is used the ratio between 0,2 % yield-stress and ultimate strength (Rp0,2/Rm) shall be lower than 0,92. All lo
45、ad bearing parts made of steel shall have a thickness of at least 1,0 mm. 4.2.3 Plastics Glass-fibre reinforced plastics shall be protected against penetration of water and dirt. The surface shall be smooth. The fibres shall be embedded. The Barcol hardness according to EN 59 shall be at least 35. T
46、he test methods and acceptance criteria for defining the characteristics of the composite and reinforced thermoplastic materials are given in 5.16. They apply to the load-bearing elements (stiles, climbing supports, platforms) of the structure of ladders at time of use. Thermoplastic materials witho
47、ut reinforcements shall not be used for load bearing-elements. The minimum thickness for load-bearing elements made of thermoset plastics and composite material is 2 mm. When using plastics materials, ageing and temperature resistance shall be taken into account. 4.2.4 Timber 4.2.4.1 Different kind
48、of timber For stiles, stanchions, braces, rungs and steps the types of timber to be used shall have a bulk density greater than or equal to 450 kg/m3for softwoods and 690 kg/m3for hardwoods. The bulk density shall be measured with a moisture content of 15 %. Examples of suitable species of wood are:
49、 Softwood: Fir (Abies alba) Larch (Larix decidua) Spruce (Picea abies) Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Oregon pine (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) Hardwood: Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Ash (Fraxisnus excelsior) EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E)BS EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 (E) 8 Oak (Quercus robur) Robina (Robinia pseudoacacia) Other types of timber havin
