1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 131-4:2007Ladders Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joint laddersICS 97.145g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS E
2、N 131-4:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54018 9National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 131-4.NOTE. The revision draft of EN 131-2:1993, Ladders Requirements
3、, testing, marking failed at the Formal Vote stage, therefore the 1993 version of Part 2 remains current. CEN/TC 93 is continuing to develop the revision text for EN 131-2. In table A.1, reference is made to “(9) Torsion on ladder length” and “(10) Feet pull test”. As EN 131-2:1993 does not contain
4、tests for these situations, the verifications cannot be carried out. CEN/TC 93 has been notified of these errors. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/512, Ladders. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secre
5、tary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STAN
6、DARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 131-4May 2007ICS 97.145English VersionLadders - Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joint laddersEchelles - Partie 4: Echelles articules articulationssimple et multipleLeitern - Teil 4: Ein- oder MehrgelenkleiternThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 Marc
7、h 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained
8、 on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management C
9、entre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan
10、d, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any m
11、eans reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 131-4:2007: EEN 131-4:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Functional dimensions6 4.1 Ladders in single, standing and transformable position 6 4.2 Ladders hinged in “leaning ladd
12、er or standing ladder” positions.6 4.3 Hinged ladders in “platform” position 7 4.4 Hinged ladders in “stand-off” position .7 5 Requirements.8 5.1 General8 5.2 Decking component 8 5.3 Ladder hinged in the longitudinal direction8 6 Test methods8 6.1 General8 6.2 Tests method for ladders hinged in the
13、longitudinal direction 8 6.3 Test method for ladders hinged in the lateral direction 11 7 Marking .12 8 User instructions .12 Annex A (normative) Test sequence.13 Annex B (informative) A-deviations.15 BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 131-4:2007) has been prepared by Tec
14、hnical Committee CEN/TC 93 “Ladders”, the se-cretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be with-draw
15、n at the latest by November 2007. This European Standard is one of a series about ladders. Other standards of this series are listed in Clause 2. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European St
16、andard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Re-public, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
17、BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements, tests and marking of hinged combination ladders with one or several hinge joints. This European Standard is not applicable to hinge-joints of combination and standing ladders as defined by EN 131-1. This p
18、art of the standard is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 131-1 and EN 131-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
19、 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 131-1:2007, Ladders Part 1: Terms, types, functional sizes EN 131-2, Ladders Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking EN 131-3, Ladders Part 3: User Instructions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the terms and defi
20、nitions given in EN 131-1:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 ladder hinged in the longitudinal direction ladder with hinge-joints of which enable folding (manual or automatic) in the longitudinal direction NOTE Excluding ladders covered in EN 131-1. 3.1.1 ladder with one lockable hinge joint device l
21、adder including a hinge-joint device with at least one predetermined lockable position NOTE See Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 Position as leaning ladder Figure 2 Position as standing ladder BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 5 3.1.2 ladder with several lockable hinge-joint devices ladder having several h
22、inge-joint devices with at least one fixed position which can be locked by hinge-joint devices at predetermined angles NOTE See Figures 3 to 6. Figure 3 Position 1 “Single ladder” Figure 4 Position 2 “Standing ladder” Figure 5 Position 3 “Stand off” Figure 6 Position 4 “Platform” 3.2 ladder hinged i
23、n the lateral direction ladder having several hinge-joints enabling it to be folded laterally NOTE 1 The hinge-joints can be located between the legs and the steps. The steps themselves can be equipped with hinge-joints. NOTE 2 See Figure 7. Figure 7 Ladder hinged in the lateral direction 3.3 deckin
24、g component single or multiple element forming a standing surface enabling the use of a multiple hinge-joint ladder in the “platform” position BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 6 3.3.1 reference level upper surface of the decking component, including the anti-skid surface 3.3.2 decking component hei
25、ght h3 height above ground of the reference level 3.3.3 overhang l10 length of the decking component after the last support point 4 Functional dimensions 4.1 Ladders in single, standing and transformable position Dimensions are given in EN 131-1. 4.2 Ladders hinged in “leaning ladder or standing lad
26、der” positions If these ladders can be used as leaning ladders then functional dimensions for leaning ladders will apply. If these ladders can be used as standing ladders then the functional dimensions for standing ladders will apply. Refer to subclauses of EN 131-1 dealing with the type of position
27、. The inner width b1shall be measured as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 Dimension b1BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 7 4.3 Hinged ladders in “platform” position Table 1 Functional dimensions Dimensions in millimetres h3l10 a bmin. 65 65 max. 1 000 50 75 70 afor rung ladders. bfor step ladders. If the
28、decking component fits within the stiles the gap shall be no more than 5 mm. If the decking component fits across the stiles, the overhang shall be no more than 25 mm on each side. The platform shall be centred at 10 mm in relation to the longitudinal axis of the ladder. Where decking components con
29、sist of multiple elements they shall be assembled such that a person cannot fall through them. NOTE b1and b2see EN 131-1 for the relevant ladder types. Figure 9 Hinge-joint ladder in “Platform“ position 4.4 Hinged ladders in “stand-off” position Table 2 Functional dimensions l2 min. 65 max. 1 200 mm
30、 75 Figure 10 Hinged ladder in “stand-off” position BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 8 5 Requirements 5.1 General The requirements are based upon a maximum total load of 150 kg. Hinge-joint ladders are determined to be used by one person at a time. 5.2 Decking component If supplied, the decking com
31、ponent shall be secured against unintentional movement and shall have an anti-skid working surface. It shall be designed so as to be unable to slip and tilt on the ladder. 5.3 Ladder hinged in the longitudinal direction The ladder shall have at least one fixed lockable position for utilisation. NOTE
32、 The storage position (folded) is not required to be lockable. 6 Test methods 6.1 General General provisions, see EN 131-2. 6.2 Tests method for ladders hinged in the longitudinal direction 6.2.1 Principle Ladders conforming to 3.1 shall comply with the testing requirements of EN 131-2. However the
33、ladder strength test shall be modified in accordance with 6.2.2. A cyclic test of the hinge joints shall be conducted in accordance with 6.2.3. When the ladder is designed for use in the platform position, the tests indicated in 6.2.4 shall be conducted with the decking component in the platform pos
34、ition. 6.2.2 Ladder strength test The test shall be carried out on the fully extended ladder A pre-load of 500 N shall be applied for a duration of one minute. The position of the ladder after removal of the pre-load is the origin for measurement. A test load F of 1 100 N (see Figure 11) shall be ap
35、plied for a duration of one minute. The measurement shall be conducted one minute after removal of the test load. The permanent deformation f of the ladder shall not exceed 0,2 % of the distance l between the supports. For standing ladders, the test load F shall be determined by the equation cosN600
36、2 =F where = manufacturers designed angle of use (Permitted angle: min 60, max. 70). BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 9 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 11 Ladder strength test 6.2.3 Cyclic test of hinge joint These tests are conducted on hinge joints with an automatic locking device. To test their
37、 operation, hinge joints (lateral and longitudinal hinge joint ladders) shall withstand the cyclic tests. A pair of hinge joints comprising the maximum number of positions shall be subjected to a series of 4 000 cycles from the closed position to the fully open position. The hinge joint shall be loc
38、ked and unlocked in each of its positions during the course of each cycle at the normal utilisation speed. No oil shall be added to the hinge joints during the tests. Requirement: Automatic locking function shall operate with no manual intervention for a duration of 4 000 cycles. 6.2.4 Test of the l
39、adder in the platform position 6.2.4.1 General The tests shall be conducted on the complete assembly of decking components with the ladder in the plat-form position. 6.2.4.2 Strength test of the decking component Carry out the test with a load placed in the most unfavourable position at the centre o
40、f each decking compo-nent. The test force of 1 000 N is distributed over a 200 mm 200 mm rigid steel plate. The weight of the steel plate is included in the test force. Deformation under load shall be less than or equal to 1 %of the decking component length. Residual deformation shall be less than o
41、r equal to 0,1 % of the decking component length. 6.2.4.3 Safety test of the ladder Carry out a test with a load placed at the centre of the decking component. The load is distributed over a 200 mm 200 mm rigid steel plate and is equivalent to 1,5 times the maximum load. Deformation under load shall
42、 be less than or equal to 2 % of the assembly of decking components length. A test with a load equal to two times the maximum total load is then conducted. The product shall remain functional after this test. The maximum load shall be stated by the manufacturer and shall not be less than 120 kg and
43、not more than 150 kg. BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 10 6.2.4.4 Stability test of the ladder Apply a load of 750 N distributed over a 200 mm 200 mm rigid steel plate located on the side of the deck-ing component. The edge of the plate is aligned with the edge of the decking component. The plate s
44、hall be centred in the longitudinal direction of the decking component (see Figure 12). A horizontal force F of 300 N shall be applied to the decking component in the most unfavourable direction. The ladder shall not topple. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 sheet metal square 2 load of 750 N 3 deckin
45、g component F 300 N Figure 12 Ladder stability test 6.2.4.5 Test of decking component sliding A horizontal force of 300 N shall be attached alternatively to the middle of each side of the decking compo-nent. Movement of the decking component shall not exceed 5 mm in the lateral direction. The deckin
46、g component may move slightly but the stop positions shall conform to the limits of l10in the lengthwise direction and the overhang in the lateral direction shall not be more than 25 mm on each side in accordance with 4.3 (see Figure 13). BS EN 131-4:2007EN 131-4:2007 (E) 11 Figure 13 Test of deckin
47、g component sliding 6.3 Test method for ladders hinged in the lateral direction 6.3.1 Principle Ladders conforming to 3.2 shall comply with the testing requirements of EN 131-2. For these tests, the ladder shall be in the working position (see 3.2 of this standard). A cyclic test of the hinge joints
48、 shall be conducted. A test of the capacity to go from storage positions to working position shall then be carried out. 6.3.2 Cyclic test of hinge joints The complete ladder shall be subjected to a series of folding and unfolding operations allowing the resis-tance of the hinge joints to be tested.
49、A series of 4 000 cycles from working positions to storage position shall be carried out at the normal utilisa-tion speed. No oil shall be added during the tests. Requirement: no rupturing of parts shall be observed. If the ladder is equipped with an automatic locking system, it shall be locked and unlocked in each of its ex-treme positions during the course of each cycle. In this case, the automatic locking function shall operate at the end of the test. 6.3.3 Capacity to pass from storage positions to working
