1、BS EN 13103:2009ICS 45.040NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDRailway applications Wheelsets and bogies Non-powered axles Design methodIncorporating Corrigendum May 2009+A2:2012National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 131
2、03:2009+A2:2012. It supersedes BS EN 13103:2009+A1:2010 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is ind
3、icated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RAE/3, Railway Applications - Rolling Stock Material to Subcommittee RAE/3/-/1, Railway Applications - Wheels and Wheelsets.The UK committee draws users attention to the distinction between normative and inform
4、ative elements, as defined in Clause 3 of the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, Part 3.Normative: Requirements conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance with the document is to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted.Informative: Information intended to assist the understanding or
5、 use of the document. Informative annexes do not contain requirements, except as optional requirements, and are not mandatory. For example, a test method may contain requirements, but there is no need to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with the standard.A list of organizations rep
6、resented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN
7、13103:2009+A2:2012This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committeeon 30 April 2009. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 May 2009 Correction to
8、national foreword31 January 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:201030 November 2012 Implementation of CEN amendment A2:2012ISBN 978 0 580 76919 1EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13103:2009+A2 July 2012 ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 13103:2009+A1:2010English Version Railway applic
9、ations - Wheelsets and bogies - Non powered axles - Design method Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Essieux-axes porteurs - Mthode de conception Bahnanwendungen - Radstze und Drehgestelle - Laufradsatzwellen - Konstruktions- und Berechnungsrichtlinie This European Standard was ap
10、proved by CEN on 26 December 2008 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 September 2010 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 3 June 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a n
11、ational standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A
12、version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypru
13、s, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United King
14、dom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13103:2009+A2:2012:
15、 E2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Symbols and abbreviations 7 4 General 8 5 Forces and moments to be taken into consideration 9 5.1 Types of forces 9 5.2 Effects due to masses in motion 9 5.3 Effects due to braking .13 5.4 Effects due to curving and wh
16、eel geometry .14 5.5 Calculation of the resultant moment .14 6 Determination of geometric characteristics of the various parts of the axle 19 6.1 Stresses in the various sections of the axle .19 6.2 Determination of the diameter of journals and axle bodies 23 6.3 Determination of the diameter of the
17、 various seats from the diameter of the axle body or from the journals 23 6.3.1 Collar bearing surface .23 6.3.2 Transition between collar bearing surface and wheel seat .25 6.3.3 Wheel seat in the absence of an adjacent seat 26 6.3.4 Case of two adjacent wheel seats 26 6.3.5 Configuration of the wh
18、eel seats .27 7 Maximum permissible stresses 27 7.1 General 27 7.2 Steel grade EA1N .27 7.3 Steel grades other than EA1N 28 Annex A (informative) Model of axle calculation sheet .31 Annex B (informative) Procedure for the calculation of the load coefficient for tilting vehicles 32 Annex C (informati
19、ve) Values of forces to take into consideration for wheelsets for reduced gauge track (metric or close to a metre) .34 Annex D (normative) Method for determination of full-scale fatigue limits for new materials 35 D.1 Scope 35 D.2 General requirements for the test pieces 35 D.3 General requirements
20、for test apparatus 35 D.4 Axle body fatigue limit (“F1“) .36 D.4.1 Geometry 36 D.4.2 Verification of the applied stress .36 D.4.3 End of test criterion .37 D.4.4 Determination of the fatigue limit .37 D.5 Axle bore fatigue limit (“F2“) 38 D.5.1 Geometry 38 D.5.2 Verification of the applied stress .3
21、8 D.5.3 End of test criterion .38 D.5.4 Determination of the fatigue limit .38 D.6 Wheel seat fatigue limit (“F3 and F4“) .39 D.6.1 Geometry 39 BS EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 (E)3 D.6.2 Verification of the applied stress . 40 D.6.3 End of test criterion . 40 D.6.4 Determination of th
22、e fatigue limit 40 D.7 Content of the test report . 41 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC“ . 42 Bibliography 46 BS EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 (E)4 Foreword This document (EN 13103:2009+A2:2012
23、) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2013, and conflicting
24、 national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document co
25、mprises amendment 1 adopted by CEN on 2010-09-14 and amendment 2, adopted by CEN on 2012-06-03. This document supersedes #EN 13103:2009+A1:2010$. The start and end of the text added or modified by the amendment is indicated in the text by !“ and #$. !This document has been prepared under a mandate g
26、iven to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.“ !For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.“ According to the CEN/CE
27、NELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
28、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 (E)5 Introduction Railway axles were among the first train comp
29、onents to give rise to fatigue problems. Many years ago, specific methods were developed in order to design these axles. They were based on a feedback process from the service behaviour of axles combined with the examination of failures and on fatigue tests conducted in the laboratory, so as to char
30、acterize and optimize the design and materials used for axles. A European working group under the aegis of UIC1started to harmonize these methods at the beginning of the 1970s. This led to an ORE2document applicable to the design of trailer stock axles, subsequently incorpo-rated into national stand
31、ards (French, German, Italian) and consequently converted into a UIC leaflet. The bibliography lists the relevant documents used for reference purposes. The method described therein is largely based on conventional loadings and applies the beam theory for the stress calculation. The shape and stress
32、 recommendations are derived from laboratory tests and the outcome is validated by many years of operations on the various railway systems. This standard is based largely on this method which has been improved and its scope enlarged.1UIC : Union Internationale des Chemins de fer. 2ORE: Office de Rec
33、herches et dEssais de lUIC. BS EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 (E)6 1 Scope This standard: 1) defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses and braking conditions; 2) gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals; 3) specifies
34、 the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel grade EA1N defined in EN 13261; 4) describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades; 5) determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferre
35、d shapes and transitions to ensure adequate service performance. This standard is applicable to: 6) solid and hollow axles of railway rolling stock used for the transportation of passengers and freight; 7) axles defined in EN 13261; 8) all gauges3. This standard is applicable to axles fitted to roll
36、ing stock intended to run under normal European conditions. Before using this standard, if there is any doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it is necessary to determine whether an additional design factor has to be applied to the maximum permissible stresses. The calcula
37、tion of wheelsets for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may be made according to this standard only for the load cases of free-running and running in train formation. This standard does not apply to workload cases. They are calculated separately. For light rail and tramwa
38、y applications, other standards or documents agreed between the customer and supplier may be applied. Non-powered axles of motor bogies and locomotives are analysed according to the requirements of EN 13104. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicat
39、ion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13260:2009, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Wheelsets Product requirements EN 13261:2009, Railway applica
40、tions Wheelsets and bogies Axles Product requirements #EN 15313, Railway applications In-service wheelset operation requirements In-service and off-vehicle wheelset maintenance$ 3If the gauge is not standard, certain formulae need to be adapted. BS EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 (E)7 3
41、Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this European Standard, the symbols and abbreviations in Table 1 apply: Table 1 Symbol Unit Description 1m kg Mass on journals (including bearings and axle boxes) 2m kg Wheelset mass and masses on the wheelset between running surfaces (brake disc, etc.)
42、21mm + kg For the wheelset considered, proportion of the mass of the vehicle on the rails g m/s2Acceleration due to gravity P N Half the vertical force per wheelset on the rail 2)(21gmm +0P N Vertical static force per journal when the wheelset is loaded symmetrically 21gm1P N Vertical force on the m
43、ore heavily-loaded journal 2P N Vertical force on the less heavily-loaded journal P N Proportion of P braked by any mechanical braking system 1Y N Wheel/rail horizontal force perpendicular to the rail on the side of the more heavily-loaded journal 2Y N Wheel/rail horizontal force perpendicular to th
44、e rail on the side of the less heavily-loaded journal H N Force balancing the forces 1Y and 2Y 1Q N Vertical reaction on the wheel situated on the side of the more heavily-loaded journal 2Q N Vertical reaction on the wheel situated on the side of the less heavily-loaded journaliF N Forces exerted by
45、 the masses of the unsprung elements situated between the two wheels (brake disc(s) etc.) fF N Maximum force input of the brake shoes of the same shoeholder on one wheel or interface force of the pads on one disc xM Nmm Bending moment due to the masses in motion xM , zM Nmm Bending moments due to br
46、aking yM Nmm Torsional moment due to braking MX , MZ Nmm Sum of bending moments MY Nmm Sum of torsional moments MR Nmm Resultant moment b2 mm Distance between vertical force input points on axle journals s2 mm Distance between wheel rolling circles BS EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 (E)8
47、 Table 1 (continued) Symbol Unit Description 1h mm Height above the axle centreline of vehicle centre of gravity of masses carried by the wheelset iy mm Distance between the rolling circle of one wheel and force iF y mm Abscissa for any section of the axle calculated from the section subject to forc
48、e 1P Average friction coefficient between the wheel and the brake shoe or between the brake pads and the disc N/mm2Stress calculated in one section K Fatigue stress concentration factor R mm Nominal radius of the rolling circle of a wheel bR mm Brake radius d mm Diameter for one section of the axle
49、d mm Bore diameter of a hollow axle D mm Diameter used for determining K r mm Radius of transition fillet or groove used to determine K S Security coefficient G Centre of gravity fLR N/mm2Fatigue limit under rotating bending up to 107cycles for smooth test pieces fER N/mm2Fatigue limit under rotating bending up to 107cycles for notched test pieces qa m/s2Unbalanced transverse acceleration qf Thrust factor 4 General The major phases for the design of an axle are: a) definition of the forces to be taken into account and calculation of the mo
