1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Wheels Product requirementICS 45.040g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g4
2、2g43g55g3g47g36g58sNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13262:2004+A2:2011. It supersedes BS EN 13262:2004+A1:2008 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text
3、 carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation inits preparation was entrusted byTechnicalCommittee RAE/3, Railway rolling stock material, to Subcommittee RAE/3/-/1, Wheels and wheelsets.A list of organizations represente
4、d on this Subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 13262:2
5、004+A2:2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:200830 June 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A2:2011This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 March 2004 BSI
6、2011ISBN 978 0 580 71982 0EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13262:2004+A2 March 2011 ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 13262:2004+A1:2008English Version Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Product requirements Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Roues -
7、 Prescriptions pour le produit Bahnanwendungen - Radstze und Drehgestelle - Rder - Produktanforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 March 2003 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 23 September 2008 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 24 January 2011. CEN members are bound
8、to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-
9、CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has
10、 the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Po
11、land, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by
12、 any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13262:2004+A2:2011: EEN 13262:2004+A2:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 6 3 Product definition 7 3.1 Chemical composition 7 3.1.1 Values to be achieved .7 3.1.2 Location of the sample 7 3.1.3 Chemical analysi
13、s 7 3.2 Mechanical characteristics .7 3.2.1 Tensile test characteristics .7 3.2.2 Hardness characteristics in the rim .9 3.2.3 Impact test characteristics 10 3.2.4 Fatigue characteristics . 11 3.2.5 Toughness characteristic of the rim . 12 3.3 Heat treatment homogeneity . 13 3.3.1 Values to be achie
14、ved 13 3.3.2 Test pieces 13 3.3.3 Test method . 13 3.4 Material cleanliness 13 3.4.1 Micrographic cleanliness . 13 3.4.2 Internal integrity 14 3.5 Residual stresses . 17 3.5.1 General . 17 3.5.2 Values to be achieved 17 3.5.3 Test piece 18 3.5.4 Measurement methods . 18 3.6 Surface characteristics 1
15、8 3.6.1 Surface appearance 18 3.6.2 Surface integrity 19 3.7 Geometric tolerances . 19 3.8 Static imbalance 22 3.9 Protection against corrosion . 22 3.10 Manufacturers marking . 23 Annex A (normative) Control of the hydrogen content in the steel for solid wheels at the melting stage . 24 A.1 Samplin
16、g 24 A.2 Analysis methods . 24 A.3 Precautions . 24 Annex B (informative) Example of test method for the determination of fatigue characteristics 25 B.1 Test piece 25 B.2 Test rig . 25 B.3 Test monitoring . 25 B.4 Analysis of results 25 Annex C (informative) Strain gauge method for determining the v
17、ariations of circumferential residual stresses located deep under the tread (Destructive method) . 26 C.1 Principle of the method 26 C.2 Procedure 26 C.3 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential residual stress located deep under the tread . 27 BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:2004+A2:201
18、1 (E) 3 Annex D (informative) Ultrasonic method for determining the residual stresses in the rim (non-destructive method) 32 D.1 Introduction 32 D.2 Method of measurement . 32 D.3 Evaluation of results . 33 Annex E (informative) Product qualification 34 E.1 General . 34 E.2 Requirements . 34 E.3 Qua
19、lification procedure 35 E.4 Qualification certificate . 37 E.5 Qualification file . 38 Annex F (informative) Product delivery 39 F.1 General . 39 F.2 Delivery condition . 40 F.3 Controls on each wheel 40 F.4 Batch control . 40 F.5 Quality plan 43 F.6 Allowable rectification 43 Annex ZA (informative)
20、 #Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2008/57/EC$ 44 BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:2004+A2:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13262:2004+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 Railway applications, the secretariat of whi
21、ch is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by 30 September 2011 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by 30 September 2011. This document include
22、s Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2008-09-23. This document supersedes EN 13262:2004. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !“. #This document has been created under a mandate granted to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the Eur
23、opean Free Trade Association and supports the essential requirements of Directive 2008/57/EC.$ #For the relationship with Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.$ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizatio
24、ns of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
25、 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:2004+A2:2011 (E) 5 Introduction Normative documents which have been used until now in Europe for the wheel delivery (UIC leaflets, national standards) had for the main purpose, a complete definition
26、of the delivery procedures and the wheel characteristics that were to be measured. Product qualification was sometimes mentioned, but the procedures and the characteristics that had to be verified for the qualification were not given. This standard addresses these requirements by: a) definition of a
27、ll the wheel characteristics. These are either verified during the qualification or delivery of the product (see clause 3); b) definition of the qualification procedures (see informative annex E); c) definition of the delivery conditions (see informative annex F). Here, a choice is given to the supp
28、lier of either: - a traditional delivery procedure with a control by batch sampling as in existing documents (see F.4), or - a delivery procedure using quality assurance concepts (see F.5). The standard defines the wheel product qualification, the technical approval procedure is not within the scope
29、 of this standard. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the characteristics of railway wheels for use on European networks. !Four steel grades, ER6, ER7, ER8 and ER9 are defined in this standard; for European freight wagon interoperability purposes only grades ER6, ER7 and ER8 are applicable. NO
30、TE 1 Grade ER6 is not normally fit for the duty of application to freight wagons; it is normally applied in low axleload situations.“ !Certain characteristics are defined according to a category 1 or a category 2. Category 1 is generally chosen when the train speed is higher than 200 km/h. Freight v
31、ehicles running at speeds lower than 200 km/h generally use wheels of Category 2.“ These categories can sometimes be subdivided, depending upon the characteristics. This standard is applicable to solid forged and rolled wheels which are made from vacuum degassed steel and have a chilled rim. They ar
32、e to have already been used in commercial conditions on a European network in a significant quantity, or to have satisfied a technical approval procedure according to EN 13979-1 for their design. !NOTE 2“ The definition of other wheels may be found in other documents, such as UIC leaflets or ISO sta
33、ndards. !NOTE 3“ The technical approval procedure is not within the scope of this standard. !NOTE 4“ Rim-chilled“ describes heat treatment of the rim, the aim of which is to harden the rim and to create compressive residual stresses in the rim. BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:2004+A2:2011 (E) 6 2 N
34、ormative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10002-1, Metallic material
35、s - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10045-1, Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Part 1: Test method EN ISO 6506-1, !Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005)“ !Deleted text“ ISO 1101, !Geometrical Product Specificatio
36、ns (GPS) - Geometrical tolerancing - Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out“ ISO 4967:1998, Steel - Determination of content of non-metallic inclusions - Micrographic method using standard diagrams ISO 5948:1994, Railway rolling stock material - Ultrasonic acceptance testing ISO 6933:
37、1986, Railway rolling stock material - Magnetic particle acceptance testing ISO/TR 97691), Steel and iron - Review of available methods of analysis ISO 14284:1996, !Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition“ !ASTM E399.90:1997“, Standard test
38、method for plane-strain fracture toughness of metallic materials 1) See also CR 10261:1995 BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:2004+A2:2011 (E) 7 3 Product definition 3.1 Chemical composition 3.1.1 Values to be achieved The maximum percentages of the various specified elements are given in Table 1. Tab
39、le 1 Maximum percentages of the various specified elements Maximum content in % a Steel grade C Si Mn Pb Sbc Cr Cu Mo Ni V Cr + Mo + Ni ER6 0,48 0,40 0,75 0.020 0,015 0,30 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,06 0,50 ER7 0,52 0,40 0,80 0,020 0,015 0,30 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,06 0,50 ER8 0,56 0,40 0,80 0,020 0,015 0,30 0,30 0
40、,08 0,30 0,06 0,50 ER9 0,60 0,40 0,80 0,020 0,015 0,30 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,06 0,50 a For special applications, variations within the maximum limit of these values may be agreed. b A maximum phosphorus content of 0,025% may be agreed at the time of enquiry and the order. c A minimum sulfur content may b
41、e agreed at the time of enquiry and the order according to the steelmaking process in order to safeguard against hydrogen cracking. 3.1.2 Location of the sample The sample for determining the chemical composition shall be taken 15 mm below the tread at its nominal diameter. 3.1.3 Chemical analysis T
42、his chemical composition analysis shall be performed according to the methods and requirements described in ISO/TR 9769. 3.2 Mechanical characteristics 3.2.1 Tensile test characteristics 3.2.1.1 Values to be achieved Rim and web characteristics are given in Table 2. BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:
43、2004+A2:2011 (E) 8 Table 2 Rim and web characteristics of the wheels Steel grade Rim Web ReH (N/mm2) a Rm (N/mm2) A5% Rm reduction (N/mm2) b A5% ER6 500 780/900 15 100 16 ER7 520 820/940 14 110 16 ER8 540 860/980 13 120 16 ER9 580 900/1050 12 130 14 a If no distinctive yield strength is present, the
44、 proof stress Rp0,2 shall be determined. b Reduction of tensile strength as compared to tensile strength of the rim on the same wheel 3.2.1.2 Location of test pieces The test pieces shall be taken from the rim and the web of the wheel. Their positions are indicated in figure 1. Key 1 Tensile test pi
45、ece 2 Tensile test piece 3 Impact test piece 4 Nominal diameter 5 Notch BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:2004+A2:2011 (E) 9 Figure 1 Location of test pieces 3.2.1.3 Test method The test shall be carried out in accordance with EN 10002-1. The test piece diameter shall be at least 10 mm in the paralle
46、l length and the gauge length shall be 5 times the diameter. If the test piece cannot be taken from the web, a smaller diameter shall be agreed between the customer and the supplier. 3.2.2 Hardness characteristics in the rim 3.2.2.1 Values to be achieved The minimum Brinell hardness values applicabl
47、e to the whole wear zone of the rim shall be equal to or greater than the values given in Table 3. These values are to be achieved up to a maximum depth of 35 mm under the tread, even if the wear depth is greater than 35 mm. In the rim-web transition (point A in Figure 2), hardness values should be
48、at least 10 points less than the wear limit values. Table 3 Values to be achieved for hardness characteristics in the rim Minimum Brinell hardness value Steel grade Category 1 Category 2 ER6 - 225 ER7 245 235 ER8 245 245 ER9 - 255 3.2.2.2 Location of readings Four readings are carried out on a radia
49、l section of the rim as shown in Figure 2. BS EN 13262:2004+A2:2011EN 13262:2004+A2:2011 (E) 10 Key 1 Limit of wear or last turning diameter (according to customers requirements) 2 Inside surface of finished wheel 3 Nominal diameter Figure 2 Readings taken on a radial section of the rim 3.2.2.3 Test method The test shall be performed in accordance with EN ISO 6506-1. The ball diameter is 5 mm. 3.2.3 Impact test characteristics 3.2.3.1 Values to be achieved They are shown in Table 4. For each temperature, they represent the average value and the minimum
